Delirium is a common cause and complication of hospitalization in the elderly and is associated with higher risk of future dementia and progression of existing dementia, of which 70% is Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD and delirium, which are known to be aggravated by one another, represent significant societal challenges, especially in light of the absence of effective treatments. The intricate biological mechanisms have led to numerous clinical trial setbacks and likely contribute to the limited efficacy of existing therapeutics. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for overcoming these hurdles by deploying algorithms to uncover hidden patterns across diverse data types. This review explores the pivotal role of AI in revolutionizing drug discovery for AD and delirium from target identification to the development of small molecule and protein-based therapies. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly in accurate protein structure prediction, are facilitating novel approaches to drug design and expediting the discovery pipeline for biological and small molecule therapeutics. This review concludes with an appraisal of current achievements and limitations, and touches on prospects for the use of AI in advancing drug discovery in AD and delirium, emphasizing its transformative potential in addressing these two and possibly other neurodegenerative conditions.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion and their regulatory effects of levels of peripheral blood Th17 cells and Treg cells.Methods Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,FMRS,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of science and other databases were carried out.RCTS related to the regulation of Th17 and Treg cells by TCM in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion,published from the establishment of the database to June 2023 were screened.Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the literature according to the Cochrane handbook.RevMan5.4 software was used for Meta-Analysis.Results A total of 10 studies that involved 1 052 patients were included.The Meta-Analysis results showed that compared to the control group,the effective rate[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.11,1.30),P＜0.000 01],live birth rate[RR=1.32,95%CI(1.16,1.50),P＜0.000 01]and the reduction of adverse drug reactions[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.14,0.83),P=0.02]were significantly improved by the intervention of TCM.After treatment with TCM,the expression of Th17 cells was decreased[MD=-0.71,95%CI(-1.01,-0.41),P＜0.000 01],and the expression of Treg cells was increased[SMD=1.21,95%CI(0.80,1.62),P＜0.000 01].The ratio of Th17/Treg cells was decreased[SMD=-2.62,95%CI(-4.09,-1.14),P=0.000 5].Conclusion TCM used for post-pregnancy or before and after pregnancy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and live birth rate of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion,wihch showed high safety.Moreover,TCM can reduce the expression of Th17 cells,up-regulate the expression of Treg cells and regulate the immune balance of Th17/Treg cells,which is conducive to embryonic development after pregnancy.

ObjectiveTo characterize the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. MethodThe detection was performed on a Thermo Acclaim™ RSLC 120 C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 2.2 μm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution （0-7.5 min， 10%-19%A； 7.5-12 min， 19%-22.5%A； 12-23 min， 22.5%-27%A； 23-27 min， 27%-56%A； 27-35 min， 56%-84%A； 35-36 min， 84%-90%A）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The data were collected in the positive and negative ion modes by heated electrospray ionization（HESI）， and the detection range was m/z 80-1 200. Combining the retention time of the reference substance， fragment ions， databases such as PubChem and related literature， Xcalibur 3.0 was used to identify the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin. ResultA total of 161 compounds were identified， including 14 alkaloids， 60 flavonoids， 16 terpenoids， 26 saponins， 18 phenylpropanoids， 16 organic acids and 11 others. ConclusionThe established method can effectively and quickly identify the chemical components in Dayuanyin， and clarify its chemical composition， which can provide a basis for the development of compound preparations of this famous classical formula.

Objective:To estimate the effect of comorbid gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and depression on glucose metabolism and neonatal morphology.Methods:From March 2015 to October 2018, recruited 18 to 28 weeks pregnant women who met the criteria in the Hefei First People′s Hospital or First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University or Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, including a total of 4 380 study subjects, of which the birth outcome information of 3 827 newborns were collected. The self-made questionnaire "Maternal Health Questionnaire for Hefei City" and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale were used to obtain basic demographic characteristics and emotional state of depression. Data from the 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test were obtained at 24-28 weeks of gestation. After delivery, delivery outcome information were collected from the hospital medical records. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the differences in glucose metabolism indicators and neonatal outcome indicators in pregnant women with different GDM and depression status. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between GDM and depression, with different groups of GDM and depression status (no GDM and depression, simple depression, simple GDM, comorbid GDM and depression)as independent variables and whether they were large for gestational age as dependent variables. The interaction between GDM and depression was also analyzed.Results:The 4 380 pregnant women were (28.8±4.2) years old. The incidence of GDM was 19.5% (852/4 380), and the detection rates of depression in the second and third trimesters were 12.1% (526/4 380) and 12.3% (536/4 367). PG-1h and AUC in the comorbid GDM and depression group were significantly higher than those in the group with no GDM and depression ( P<0.05) and the single GDM group ( P<0.05). After adjusting for factors such as the childbirth age, education level, family′s main economic income, BMI before pregnancy, parity, number of physical activities, and weight gain during pregnancy, compared with the group with no GDM and depression, the RR(95% CI) of LGA occurred in the single depression group, the single GDM group and the comorbid group were 1.31(0.89-1.91), 1.51(1.14-2.00) and 2.43(1.29-4.57), respectively. Further analysis showed that the association between GDM pregnant women with depression and newborn LGA ［ RR (95% CI): 2.12 (1.01-4.49)］ was stronger than that between GDM pregnant women without depression and newborn LGA ［ RR (95% CI): 1.50 (1.12-1.99)］, the P interaction value was<0.05. Conclusion:The status of comorbid GDM and depression can impair glucose metabolism and increase the risk of LGA.

Objective:To estimate the effect of comorbid gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and depression on glucose metabolism and neonatal morphology.Methods:From March 2015 to October 2018, recruited 18 to 28 weeks pregnant women who met the criteria in the Hefei First People′s Hospital or First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University or Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, including a total of 4 380 study subjects, of which the birth outcome information of 3 827 newborns were collected. The self-made questionnaire "Maternal Health Questionnaire for Hefei City" and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale were used to obtain basic demographic characteristics and emotional state of depression. Data from the 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test were obtained at 24-28 weeks of gestation. After delivery, delivery outcome information were collected from the hospital medical records. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the differences in glucose metabolism indicators and neonatal outcome indicators in pregnant women with different GDM and depression status. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between GDM and depression, with different groups of GDM and depression status (no GDM and depression, simple depression, simple GDM, comorbid GDM and depression)as independent variables and whether they were large for gestational age as dependent variables. The interaction between GDM and depression was also analyzed.Results:The 4 380 pregnant women were (28.8±4.2) years old. The incidence of GDM was 19.5% (852/4 380), and the detection rates of depression in the second and third trimesters were 12.1% (526/4 380) and 12.3% (536/4 367). PG-1h and AUC in the comorbid GDM and depression group were significantly higher than those in the group with no GDM and depression ( P<0.05) and the single GDM group ( P<0.05). After adjusting for factors such as the childbirth age, education level, family′s main economic income, BMI before pregnancy, parity, number of physical activities, and weight gain during pregnancy, compared with the group with no GDM and depression, the RR(95% CI) of LGA occurred in the single depression group, the single GDM group and the comorbid group were 1.31(0.89-1.91), 1.51(1.14-2.00) and 2.43(1.29-4.57), respectively. Further analysis showed that the association between GDM pregnant women with depression and newborn LGA ［ RR (95% CI): 2.12 (1.01-4.49)］ was stronger than that between GDM pregnant women without depression and newborn LGA ［ RR (95% CI): 1.50 (1.12-1.99)］, the P interaction value was<0.05. Conclusion:The status of comorbid GDM and depression can impair glucose metabolism and increase the risk of LGA.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between materialistic values and depression in medical students. METHODS: A random sample of 1158 college students from a medical university in Guangdong Province was investigated using the materialism tendency scale (MTS), the simplified version of purpose in life test (PIL-SF) and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). RESULTS: The survey showed that 17.33% of the students had obvious depressive symptoms. A negative correlation was found between the materialistic values and the meaning in life (=-0.229, < 0.01) in these students; materialistic values were positively correlated with depression (=0.246, < 0.01), and the meaning in life was negatively correlated with depression (=-0.476, < 0.01). Meaning in life mediated the relationship between materialistic values and depression, which accounted for 41.2% of the total effects. CONCLUSIONS Meaning in life partially mediates the relationship between materialistic values and depression.
Depression ; Humans ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the relationship between achievement motivation,procrastination and positive mental health of college students.Methods A total of 348 students completed a survey that in-cluded Achievement Motivation Scale(AMS),General Procrastination Scale(GPS)and Mental Health Con-tinuum Short Form(MHC-SF).Results (1)The average scores of achievement motivation,procrastination and positive mental health in college students were 3.61±12.05,56.48±10.62 and 3.46±0.82 respectively. The proportion of flourishing student was accounted for 53.16%,44.83% for the moderately mentally healthy and 2.01% for the languishing.(2)College students' achievement motivation was positively correlated with positive mental health(r=0.399,P<0.01),achievement motivation was negatively correlated with procrasti-nation(r=-0.388,P<0.01)and procrastination was negatively correlated with positive mental health(r=-0.267,P<0.01).(3)Procrastination had a partial mediating effect between achievement motivation and positive mental health,and the proportion of mediating effect in total effect was 12.75%.In three dimensions of positive mental health,procrastination also had partial mediating effect between achievement motivation and psychological well-being and emotional well-being respectively,the proportion of mediating effect in total effect were 15.71% and 20.63% respectively.But the mediating effect between achievement motivation and social well-being was not significant.Conclusion College students with higher achievement motivation have higher positive mental health,but the procrastination has indirect negative effect between the two variables,which leads to the negative effect of emotional and psychological well-being in the positive mental health condition.

Objective To determine the impact of dental nurses′knowledge sharing behavior and self-efficiency on professional identity. Methods A total of 88 dental nurses in Xiangyang were tested by Professional Identity Inventory for Nurse,Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale. Results The mean score of professional identity was (5.60 ± 0.56) points, the mean score of knowledge sharing behavior was (2.59 ± 0.77) points, the mean score of general self-efficacy was (2.66 ± 0.46) points. Knowledge sharing behavior and self-efficiency were positively correlated with professional identity(r=0.626, 0.342, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that the organizational communications, communities of practice, written contributions and general self-efficacy could explain 54.3% of the variance for dental nurses′professional identity. Conclusions Nursing managers should focus on the shortcomings of dental nurses′ knowledge sharing behavior and general self-efficacy, and promote interventions to enhance dental nurses′knowledge sharing behavior and general self-efficacy and improve the level of professional identity.

Objective:To investigate therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action of oncolytic agent derived from herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV2) in a xenograft mouse model bearing CT26 colorectal cancer. Methods:BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with CT26 cells to establish a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer. 1) After intratumoral administration of oHSV2, enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay was used to determine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression levels in the blood. 2) Model mice were divided into three groups:PBS group (negative control), oHSV2 group, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group (positive control). After drug administration, drug effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of weight, tumor volume, general state, and survival time. 3) Cells from the draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and tumor were surgical y removed and used to quantify mature dendritic cel s (DCs) and T lym-phocytes by flow cytometry. Result:1) In the CT26 xenograft model, level of GM-CSF continuously elevated. At day 8, peak value was attained in the blood at concentration of 3150±327.1 pg/mL. Then, GM-CSF expression gradually reduced as time progressed. 2) In in vivo study, both oHSV2 and 5-FU exerted antitumor effects relative to PBS group (50 days vs. 36 days, P<0.01;51 days vs. 36 days, P<0.01), and oHSV2 proved to be less toxic and safer. At day 28, the 5-FU group presented highly significant difference in mouse body weight compared with that of PBS group (16.61 g vs. 22.07 g, P<0.01). However, oHSV2 group did not show statistical y significant change (al P>0.05). Skin of virus injection region did not present necrosis and ulceration. 3) In the TDLN, the frequency of DC was increased when treated with oHSV2 compared with the control group (6.49%vs. 3.73%, P<0.01). Similarly, the percentage of CD4+and CD8+T-cel s from the oHSV2-treated group was signifcantly higher than mock-treated tumors (15%vs. 8.57%, P<0.01;8.19%vs. 5.15%, P<0.01). However, number of cells in the 5-FU group were significantly reduced with respect to that of the negative group (al P<0.01). Conclusion:oHSV2 exerted potent antitumor effects in a murine colorectal cancer model. Compared with 5-FU, oHSV2 treatment caused fewer side effects. Such antitumor effect may be induced by stimulation of immune activity by GM-CSF production.

Objective To compare the short-term efficacies of laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (ISR) and laparotomy for ultra-low rectal cancers by Meta-analysis.Methods We searched case-control trials that compared clinical outcomes of laparoscopic ISR and laparotomy from PubMed, EMBase, Ovid, CNKI and Wanfang database.Relevant published and unpublished data and conference papers were also retrieved.Two reviewers independently assessed the qualities of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed by using of RevMan5.2 software.Results A total of 5 trials with 552 cases were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that in terms of blood loss of the operation [mean difference (MD) =-65.42, 95％ CI:-93.45--37.38, Z=4.57, P＜0.000 01], flatus passage time (MD=-0.96, 95％CI:-1.45--0.47, Z=3.83, P=0.000 1) and hospital stays (MD=-1.69,95％CI:-2.19--1.19, Z=6.63, P＜0.00001),laparoscopic ISR were significantly superior than those of laparotomy, with significant differences.In terms of operation time (MD =6.61,95 ％ CI:-21.29-34.51, Z =0.46, P =0.64), the positive rate of circumferential resection margin (OR =1.01, 95％ CI: 0.37-2.80, Z =0.02, P =0.98) and postoperative morbidity (0R=0.73, 95％ CI: 0.45-1.20, Z =1.23, P =0.22), there were no significant differences in the two groups.However, laparotomy may clean more numbers of lymph nodes than those of laparoscopic ISR (MD =-1.16, 95％CI:-2.14--0.18, Z =2.31, P =0.02), with significant difference.Conclusion The shortterm efficacy of laparoscopic ISR is superior than that of laparotomy in the treatment of ultra-low rectal cancer.