Objective To address the bottlenecks in the application of wastewater biological treatment technology under space conditions,an experimental system for the biological treatment of space wastewater was constructed and its biochemical performance examined.The findings of this study will provide technical support for the biological treatment of space wastewater.Methods Based on the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor(MABR)process,a biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater was constructed and conducted the continuous flow test for 77 days to investigate the performance of PVDF and PP membrane modules in the treatment of simulated air condensate.Results The results demonstrated that both membrane modules exhibited an average TOC removal rate of 90%,indicative of their effective organic matter removal capacity.In the air supply mode,the ammonia oxidation capacity was observed to be comparatively lower,whereas in the oxygen source without bubbling mode,the nitrogen oxidation rate and total nitrogen removal rate could be attained above 90%,indicating a notable degree of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results demonstrated that the mode of gas supply had a significant impact on the nitrogen conversion performance.The abundance of nitrogen-converting bacteria in PP membrane module is higher than that in PVDF membrane module,indicating a better nitrogen-converting performance in PP membrane module.Conclusion The constructed wastewater biological treatment system is optimally suited for the treatment of air condensate,thereby offering a novel technical approach for space wastewater treatment.

Objective To develop a portable three-dimensional foot motion analysis system based on low-cost inertial measurement units(IMU)and force sensing resistor(FSR),and to explore the feasibility of assessing three-dimensional motion of internal small joints of foot in barefoot and shod conditions. Methods The system consisted of data sampling,data transmitting and data processing parts.IMUs were employed for data acquisition of small foot joints,and FSRs were utilized to detect heel strike and toe off.All the data were transmitted via wireless local area network.Data processing was accomplished by a self-programmed Excel mac-ro.From January to July,2024,two healthy female subjects wearing the device walked in the corridor at self-se-lected pace,for ten meters.Gait analysis was used to conduct consistency test on subject 2.Dorsiflexion-plan-tarflexion,adduction-abduction and internal rotation-external rotation of the 1st metatarsal relative to the phalan-geal(Met-Ph),the midfoot relative to the 1st metatarsal(Mid-Met)were recorded and analyzed on subject 1 in consecutive barefoot walking and two types of nurse footwear walking conditions. Results The system showed good consistency between tests.Dorsiflexion-plantarflexion,adduction-abduction and inter-nal rotation-external rotation ranges of motion were reduced in both Met-Ph and Mid-Met with shoes compared with those of bare foot,they were the least in arch support. Conclusion A low-cost,portable three-dimensional foot motion analysis system has been developed,which could be used to measure barefoot motion and shod foot motion in consecutive walking.

Objective To investigate whether norepinephrine (NE) regulates the oxidative stress in human endom-etrial epithelial cells (hEECs) by activating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase -1(HO-1) signal pathway.Methods Cultured hEECs were used.The expression of α and β adrenergic receptors was detec-ted by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay was applied to test the effect of NE on cell viability, then the cells were divided into Control group and NE treatment group, and the appropriate concentrations were chosen.The expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and zona occludens-1(ZO-1), apoptosis-related proteins apoptosis-related protein B-cell lymphoma-2 protein(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associ-ated X protein(Bax) , antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1 were examined by Western blot.The apoptosis was de-tected by flow cytometry.The malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kit (ELISA).Results The mRNA expression of α1 a,α1 b,α2 a,α2 b,α2 c,β1, β3 was detected in the hEECs.After the NE treatment, no significant change in cell viability was observed in low concentration (5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L) groups, while 15 μmol/L and 20μmol/L NE treatments for 6 h or 24 h promoted the cell viability significantly.The expression of ZO-1 and Occlu-din increased significantly in 15 μmol/L group after 24 h treatment, the expression of ZO-1 decreased in 6 h treat-ment group, significant down regulation was observed after 15 μmol/L NE application, the expression of Occludin increased in 6 h group.The cell apoptosis increased compared with the control group after NE stimulation, espe-cially a significantly increase in 6 h 15 μmol/L group was detected,while the fall in increased apoptosis was ob-served after 24 h treatment.The ration of Bcl-2/Bax>1.The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was elevated by NE.There was no obvious change in MDA level while significant elevation in SOD was detected in cell culture medium.Conclusion Nrf2/HO-1 signal is activated after application of NE to the hEECs, which may responsible for the upregulation of SOD, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effect in the hEECs.

Objective:To analyze the influence factors on the efficacy of immunosuppression therapy (IST) combined with eltrombopag and IST alone in the treatment of childhood severe aplastic anemia (SAA).Methods:A retrospective cohort study. A total of 124 children with SAA who were initially treated with IST at Beijing Children′s Hospital from March 2017 to May 2020 were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and prognosis data were collected at the time of enrollment. According to the treatment plan, the children were divided into the eltrombopag combined with IST group (eltrombopag group) and the IST group. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the efficacy of the two groups at 6 months of treatment, and the factors affecting the efficacy of the eltrombopag group at the end of follow-up.Results:There were 75 cases (45 males and 30 females) in the eltrombopag group. The age of diagnosis was 5.9 (3.5, 8.5) years. There were 49 patients in the IST group, including 23 males and 26 females, whose age at diagnosis was 6.2 (4.4, 8.8) years. The absolute lymphocyte count before treatment in the eltrombopag group was significantly lower than that in the IST group (1.1 (0.4, 1.6)×10 9vs. 2.1 (1.4, 2.8)×10 9/L). Absolute reticulocyte count in the eltrombopag group was significantly higher than that of IST group (26.9 (8.7, 54.2)×10 9vs. 9.5 (4.0, 19.0)×10 9/L) (both P<0.05). Influencing factors of 6-month response: a comparison between response and un-response groups in the eltrombopag treated patients showed that, before treatment, hemoglobin (69 (61, 78) vs. 64 (59, 68) g/L), platelet (10 (6, 16)×10 9vs. 6 (3, 8)×10 9/L), absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) (34.0 (15.8, 57.3)×10 9vs. 6.5 (4.6, 16.8)×10 9/L) and the response rate to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after treatment (82.4% (47/57) vs. 9/18) were significantly different (all P<0.05). Logistic regression model analysis showed that ARC ( OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.18) and absolute neutrophil count were independent influencing factors of 6-month response rate in the eltrombopag group ( OR=0.00, 95% CI 0.00-0.89). ARC was also the independent influencing factors of the end of follow-up response rate in the eltrombopag group ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). Conclusions:Pre-treatment blood count and response to G-CSF were predictors of overall response to eltrombopag combined with IST. The higher the ARC before treatment, the higher the total response rate and complete response.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of over-the-top reconstruction combined with the modified Lemaire technique in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries with pivot-shift positive.Methods:From March 2020 to October 2021, a total of 46 patients with ACL injury and pivot-shift test grade II or above were admitted to Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. There were 28 males and 18 females, aged 28.0±10.5 years (range, 15-45 years). All cases were unilateral, including 17 cases of left knee and 29 cases of right knee. The pivot-shift test showed that 30 cases were grade II and 16 cases were grade III, and the cause of injury was sports injury. The semitendinosus muscle and gracilis muscle were harvested, and the ACL was reconstructed with the over-the-top combined modified Lemaire technique. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score and KT-2000 side-to-side difference before and after operation were compared.Results:All patients successfully completed the operation and were followed up for 26.6±2.3 months (range, 24-28 months). The Lysholm scores of the patients at 3 months and 24 months after operation were 73.6±4.3 and 91.6±2.8, which were higher than those before operation (58.5±4.6), and the difference was statistically significant ( F=18.351, P<0.001). The IKDC scores of patients at 3 months and 24 months after operation were 59.0±2.0 and 91.8±3.2, respectively, which were higher than those before operation 50.3±2.8, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=17.290, P<0.001). The side-to-side difference of KT-2000 was 1.7±0.8 mm and 1.5±0.4 mm at 3 and 24 months after operation, respectively, which was lower than that before operation (5.9±1.1 mm), and the difference was statistically significant ( F=14.192, P<0.001). At 24 months after operation, 3 patients had pivot shift test grade I and 4 patients had Lachman test grade I, but they complained of good knee stability and did not receive further treatment. At the last follow-up, there were no complications such as incision and intra-articular infection, deep vein thrombosis, knee stiffness, quadriceps musculus ossificans myositis, and reconstruction ligament rupture. All patients returned to sports with an average time of 15.7±2.6 months (range, 12-24 months). Conclusion:Over-the-top reconstruction combined with the modified Lemaire technique for the treatment of ACL injury with positive pivot shift test effectively improves knee function and promotes the patient's return to sports, with a low incidence of surgical complications.

Objective To investigate the influence of different cell structures on the static and dynamic mechanical performance of porous titanium alloy scaffolds,and to provide a theoretical mechanical basis for the application of scaffolds in the repair of mandibular bone defects.Methods Porous titanium alloy scaffolds with diamond,cubic,and cross-sectional cubic cell structures were manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology.Uniaxial compression tests and ratcheting fatigue with compression load tests were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic mechanical performances of scaffolds with different cell structures.Results The elastic moduli of the diamond cell,cross-sectional cubic cell,and cubic cell scaffolds were 1.17,0.566,and 0.322 GPa,respectively,and the yield strengths were 71.8,65.1,and 31.8 MPa,respectively.After reaching the stable stage,the ratcheting strains of the cross-sectional cubic,diamond,and cubic cell scaffolds were 3.3%,4.0%,and 4.5%,respectively.The ratcheting strain increased with increasing average stress,stress amplitude,and peak holding time,and decreased with increasing loading rate.Conclusions The evaluation results of the static mechanical performance showed that the diamond cell scaffold was the best,followed by the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold and the cubic cell scaffold.The evaluation results of the dynamic mechanical performance showed that the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold performed the best,followed by the diamond cell scaffold,whereas the cubic cell scaffold performed the worst.The fatigue performance of the scaffold is affected by the loading conditions.These results provide new insights for scaffold construction for the repair of mandibular bone defects and provide an experimental basis for further clinical applications of this scaffold technology.

Objective To establish and validate a predictive model for acute posterior circulation infarction in patients with vertebral artery dysplasia based on ultrasound and clinical data.Methods A total of 347 patients with an ultrasonic diagnosis of vertebral artery dysplasia who were admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to December 2023 were enrolled as subjects.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for acute posterior circulation infarction in patients with vertebral artery dysplasia,and R software was used to establish a nomogram predictive model for acute posterior circulation infarction in patients with vertebral artery dysplasia.Then the model was assessed and validated.Results Among the 347 patients with vertebral artery dysplasia,50 patients developed acute posterior circulation infarction,resulting in an incidence rate of 14.4%.The multivariate logical regression analysis showed that the nomogram model based on the predictive factors of hypertension,diabetes,hyperhomocysteinemia,embryonal posterior cerebral artery,and vertebral artery dominance had an area under the ROC curve of 0.772(95%confidence interval:0.700?0.844),with a Brier score of 0.105.Conclusion The nomogram model based on the predictive factors of hypertension,diabetes,hyperhomocysteinemia,embryonal posterior cerebral artery,and vertebral artery dominance has a relatively high value in predicting acute posterior circulation infarction in patients with vertebral artery dysplasia.

In multiple areas such as science, technology, and economic activities, it is necessary to unify the management of repetitive tasks or concepts by standardization to obtain the best order and high efficiency. Organoids, as living tissue models, have rapidly developed in the past decade. Organoids can be used repetitively for in vitro culture, cryopreservation, and recovery for further utilization. Because organoids can recapitulate the parental tissues' morphological phenotypes, cell functions, biological behaviors, and genomic profiles, they are known as renewable "living biobanks". Organoids cover two mainstream fields: Adult stem cell-derived organoids (also known as patient-derived organoids) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived and/or embryonic stem cell-derived organoids. Given the increasing importance of organoids in the development of new drugs, standardized operation, and management in all steps of organoid construction is an important guarantee to ensure the high quality of products. In this review, we systematically introduce the standardization of organoid construction operation procedures, the standardization of laboratory construction, and available standardization documents related to organoid culture that have been published so far. We also proposed the challenges and prospects in this field.
Organoids ; Humans ; Biological Specimen Banks/standards* ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology* ; Cryopreservation/methods*

Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.

Objective:To analyze the current status of neonatal nosocomial infection research at home and abroad, explore its research hotspots and development trends, and provide evidence for further research on the prevention and treatment of neonatal nosocomial infection.Methods:The Chinese and English literature related to neonatal nosocomial infection included in CNKI and Web of Science Database from 2010 to 2021 were searched, and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 and VOSviewer1.6.18 software were used to map the authors, institutions, countries, and keywords of the included literature. At the same time, the burst item map was used to predict the future research development trends to a certain extent.Results:A total of 235 authors and 2 core teams of Chinese literature (1 639 articles), 157 authors and 2 core teams of English literature (1 322 articles) were analyzed. 659 Chinese keywords and 1 330 English keywords were extracted, including "nosocomial infection", "risk factors", "infection", "epidemiology", etc. From these literature, 13 Chinese literature clusters and 6 English clusters were generated, and the clustering results were significant and reasonable. The current research hotspots in China focused on pregnancy outcomes and nursing management, while the hotspots of foreign researches focused on sequelae and disease burden.Conclusions:Compared with international research, domestic research on neonatal nosocomial infection hasn't combined with social, environmental and other related factors, while international research teams have begun to shift the focus of research on neonatal nosocomial infections to disease burden and infection sequelae. In the future, cooperation between domestic and foreign research teams should be strengthened, focusing on the frontier trend of international research, and improving the depth and breadth of research.