In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

Animals ; Callithrix ; Sex Factors ; Vocalization, Animal ; Sex Characteristics

Enzymes are widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries because of their advantages of high efficiency and specificity. However， the shortcomings of the free enzymes， such as poor stability and difficulty in recycling， limit their application. Therefore， the immobilization and application of enzymes have become one of the research hotspots. The selection of the immobilization carriers is a critical step in the process of enzyme immobilization. Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）， a kind of porous materials， are formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands. As an emerging immobilization carrier， its advantages such as high porosity， strong stability， and surface modifiability make it ideal for immobilized enzyme carriers. By immobilizing the free enzyme on MOFs， the above mentioned deficiencies of the free enzymes can be effectively solved， which greatly broaden the applicable condition. Ligand fishing is a method to find receptor-specific ligands from complex components， which has the advantages of high efficiency， simple sample pretreatment and high specificity. The MOF-enzyme complex formed by enzyme immobilization can act as a "fishing rod" for ligand fishing， which can screen out the targets from the complex system of components. The complex chemical composition and various active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） make the ligand fishing technology to play a big role in the screening of enzyme inhibitors from TCM. And the screened enzyme inhibitors are expected to be further developed into the lead compounds with good efficacy and low adverse effects， so the immobilized enzymes of MOFs have a wide application in the screening of active ingredients from TCM. Based on this， this paper summarized the methods of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in recent years， analyzed the characteristics， advantages and disadvantages of each method， and summarized the laws of preparation conditions and mechanisms. Meanwhile， the application and future development of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening from TCM were also summarized and prospected， with a view to providing a reference for the development of natural ingredients and the modernization of TCM.

To summarize LI Qiangou's clinical experience in treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease （LPRD） based on the theory of "yang transforming qi while yin constituting form". It is believed that "insufficiency of yang transforming qi and excess of yin constituting form" is the key mechanism of LPRD， in which yang deficiency of the lungs， spleen and kidneys is an important factor causing "insufficiency of yang transforming qi"， while phlegm， dampness and other tangible yin turbidities are the pathological products of "excess of yin constituting form". The key treatment principle is to reinforce yang qi and dispel yin turbidity. Starting from regulating the qi transformation of the sanjiao， the treatment is based on the different pathologies of lung yang insufficiency and phlegm congestion in the upper jiao， spleen yang failing to ascend and dampness accumulation in the middle jiao， and kidney yang deficiency and phlegm-fluid retention in the lower jiao， prescribed by modified Suzi Jiangqi Decoction （苏子降气汤）， Shengyang Chushi Decoction （升阳除湿汤）， and Jingui Shenqi Pill （金匮肾气丸）， the prescriptions could also combine with Banxia Houpo Decoction （半夏厚朴汤） to dissolve phlegm and relieve pharyngeal pains， and regulate qi to direct counterflow downward.

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a key component mediating store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), which controls the opening and closing of plasma membrane Ca 2+ channels by sensing the Ca 2+ content of endoplasmic reticulum luminal stores, and thus affects the processes of cell adhesion, migration, gene expression and proliferation. Studies have shown that STIM1 is abnormally expressed in a variety of cells such as neurons, endothelial cells and platelets during ischemic stroke (IS) development; it plays an important role in the pathological processes regulating hypertension, promoting thrombosis, activating cellular autophagy, mediating apoptosis and promoting neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the research progress of STIM1 in the development and prognostic assessment of IS, and seeks to provide theoretical references for potential therapeutic targets for IS.

Objective To develop a portable three-dimensional foot motion analysis system based on low-cost inertial measurement units(IMU)and force sensing resistor(FSR),and to explore the feasibility of assessing three-dimensional motion of internal small joints of foot in barefoot and shod conditions. Methods The system consisted of data sampling,data transmitting and data processing parts.IMUs were employed for data acquisition of small foot joints,and FSRs were utilized to detect heel strike and toe off.All the data were transmitted via wireless local area network.Data processing was accomplished by a self-programmed Excel mac-ro.From January to July,2024,two healthy female subjects wearing the device walked in the corridor at self-se-lected pace,for ten meters.Gait analysis was used to conduct consistency test on subject 2.Dorsiflexion-plan-tarflexion,adduction-abduction and internal rotation-external rotation of the 1st metatarsal relative to the phalan-geal(Met-Ph),the midfoot relative to the 1st metatarsal(Mid-Met)were recorded and analyzed on subject 1 in consecutive barefoot walking and two types of nurse footwear walking conditions. Results The system showed good consistency between tests.Dorsiflexion-plantarflexion,adduction-abduction and inter-nal rotation-external rotation ranges of motion were reduced in both Met-Ph and Mid-Met with shoes compared with those of bare foot,they were the least in arch support. Conclusion A low-cost,portable three-dimensional foot motion analysis system has been developed,which could be used to measure barefoot motion and shod foot motion in consecutive walking.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Jianpiwenyang Gel(SSWYG)for treating chronic diarrhea and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Eighty patients with chronic diarrhea of spleen and stomach weakness type were randomized into two groups for interventions with lifestyle adjustment and treatment with bifid triple viable capsules(control group,n=40)or naval application with SSWYG(treatment group,n=40)for one week,after which symptoms of chronic diarrhea were evaluated.The Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform(TCMSP),GeneCards,NCBI,OMIM database and GEO database(GSE14841)were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of SSWYG and chronic diarrhea-related targets.The key targets were obtained by topological analysis for Gene Ontology(GO)and KEGG analyses.The affinity and binding characteristics of SSWYG for specific targets were verified by molecular docking using AutoDock software.Results In both groups,gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),Bristol Scale and TCM syndrome scores significantly improved after the treatments(P<0.05),and better effects were observed in the treatment group(P<0.05).Sixty-eight targets of SSWYG in treating chronic diarrhea were obtained,and 33 most probable ones were screened out by topological analysis.GO and KEGG analyses identified several chronic diarrhea-related pathways including the TNF and IL-17 pathways.Molecular docking study showed good affinity of the core components of SSWYG for the key targets CASP3,JNK,IL1B,IL6,and AKT1.JUN and CASP3 had the lowest binding energy and the highest stable binding energy with multiple major active ingredients of SSWYG.Conclusion SSWYG can significantly improve clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea possibly by regulating the TNF and IL-17 as well as other pathways via CASP3 and JUN,suggesting a complex therapeutic mechanism of SSWYG involving multiple ingredients and targets and coordinated regulation of multiple pathways.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Jianpiwenyang Gel(SSWYG)for treating chronic diarrhea and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Eighty patients with chronic diarrhea of spleen and stomach weakness type were randomized into two groups for interventions with lifestyle adjustment and treatment with bifid triple viable capsules(control group,n=40)or naval application with SSWYG(treatment group,n=40)for one week,after which symptoms of chronic diarrhea were evaluated.The Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform(TCMSP),GeneCards,NCBI,OMIM database and GEO database(GSE14841)were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of SSWYG and chronic diarrhea-related targets.The key targets were obtained by topological analysis for Gene Ontology(GO)and KEGG analyses.The affinity and binding characteristics of SSWYG for specific targets were verified by molecular docking using AutoDock software.Results In both groups,gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),Bristol Scale and TCM syndrome scores significantly improved after the treatments(P<0.05),and better effects were observed in the treatment group(P<0.05).Sixty-eight targets of SSWYG in treating chronic diarrhea were obtained,and 33 most probable ones were screened out by topological analysis.GO and KEGG analyses identified several chronic diarrhea-related pathways including the TNF and IL-17 pathways.Molecular docking study showed good affinity of the core components of SSWYG for the key targets CASP3,JNK,IL1B,IL6,and AKT1.JUN and CASP3 had the lowest binding energy and the highest stable binding energy with multiple major active ingredients of SSWYG.Conclusion SSWYG can significantly improve clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea possibly by regulating the TNF and IL-17 as well as other pathways via CASP3 and JUN,suggesting a complex therapeutic mechanism of SSWYG involving multiple ingredients and targets and coordinated regulation of multiple pathways.

Objective:To analyze the influence factors on the efficacy of immunosuppression therapy (IST) combined with eltrombopag and IST alone in the treatment of childhood severe aplastic anemia (SAA).Methods:A retrospective cohort study. A total of 124 children with SAA who were initially treated with IST at Beijing Children′s Hospital from March 2017 to May 2020 were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and prognosis data were collected at the time of enrollment. According to the treatment plan, the children were divided into the eltrombopag combined with IST group (eltrombopag group) and the IST group. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the efficacy of the two groups at 6 months of treatment, and the factors affecting the efficacy of the eltrombopag group at the end of follow-up.Results:There were 75 cases (45 males and 30 females) in the eltrombopag group. The age of diagnosis was 5.9 (3.5, 8.5) years. There were 49 patients in the IST group, including 23 males and 26 females, whose age at diagnosis was 6.2 (4.4, 8.8) years. The absolute lymphocyte count before treatment in the eltrombopag group was significantly lower than that in the IST group (1.1 (0.4, 1.6)×10 9vs. 2.1 (1.4, 2.8)×10 9/L). Absolute reticulocyte count in the eltrombopag group was significantly higher than that of IST group (26.9 (8.7, 54.2)×10 9vs. 9.5 (4.0, 19.0)×10 9/L) (both P<0.05). Influencing factors of 6-month response: a comparison between response and un-response groups in the eltrombopag treated patients showed that, before treatment, hemoglobin (69 (61, 78) vs. 64 (59, 68) g/L), platelet (10 (6, 16)×10 9vs. 6 (3, 8)×10 9/L), absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) (34.0 (15.8, 57.3)×10 9vs. 6.5 (4.6, 16.8)×10 9/L) and the response rate to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after treatment (82.4% (47/57) vs. 9/18) were significantly different (all P<0.05). Logistic regression model analysis showed that ARC ( OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.18) and absolute neutrophil count were independent influencing factors of 6-month response rate in the eltrombopag group ( OR=0.00, 95% CI 0.00-0.89). ARC was also the independent influencing factors of the end of follow-up response rate in the eltrombopag group ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). Conclusions:Pre-treatment blood count and response to G-CSF were predictors of overall response to eltrombopag combined with IST. The higher the ARC before treatment, the higher the total response rate and complete response.

The accurate assessment of burn injuries is complex and difficult. The emergence of some new skin imaging techniques, such as hyperspectral imaging, unilateral magnetic resonance imaging, laser Doppler perfusion imaging, etc., has made great progress in research on burn injury assessment. With the continuous progress of imaging technology and medical imaging, medical imaging technologies such as digital radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography, and so on, have played an important role in burn injury assessment. However, there are still relatively few research reports on burn injury imaging, which may be due to the fact that the imaging techniques and diagnostic experience used for burn injury assessment are not yet fully popular in some medical institutions, and the imaging manifestations related to burns are complex and lack of specificity. This article mainly reviews the application research progress of various imaging techniques in the assessment of burn injury in recent years, aiming to explore the application value of various imaging techniques in burn injury assessment.