Objective By systematically reviewing the development of policies related to rural doctors and their evolution patterns,and by quantitatively analyzing the policy tools and their effectiveness levels,it aim to provide a strategic basis and reference for the high-quality development of China's rural doctor workforce.Methods 60 policies related to rural doctors enacted at the national level from March 2009 to May 2024 were collected,and a three-dimensional analysis framework based on"policy tool-policy period-policy effectiveness"was adopted to analyse the development of rural doctors in China.Results Among the 245 coded policy instruments,demand-type policy instruments accounted for the highest proportion (38.38％),followed by supply-type (31.02％) and environment-type is the least (30.61％).The types of policies are mainly circular,and the number of policies issued fluctuates significantly,with the number of policies issued during the period of high-quality development being the highest in the four periods,and the policies issued during the period of deepening and consolidation being the most specific.Conclusion It is necessary to scientifically grasp the law of evolution of policy orientation and the trend of evolution of policy instruments,rationally adjust the internal structure of policy instruments,and enhance the relevance and synergy of the policy system in order to improve the cohesion of policy effectiveness.

Objective By systematically reviewing the development of policies related to rural doctors and their evolution patterns,and by quantitatively analyzing the policy tools and their effectiveness levels,it aim to provide a strategic basis and reference for the high-quality development of China's rural doctor workforce.Methods 60 policies related to rural doctors enacted at the national level from March 2009 to May 2024 were collected,and a three-dimensional analysis framework based on"policy tool-policy period-policy effectiveness"was adopted to analyse the development of rural doctors in China.Results Among the 245 coded policy instruments,demand-type policy instruments accounted for the highest proportion (38.38％),followed by supply-type (31.02％) and environment-type is the least (30.61％).The types of policies are mainly circular,and the number of policies issued fluctuates significantly,with the number of policies issued during the period of high-quality development being the highest in the four periods,and the policies issued during the period of deepening and consolidation being the most specific.Conclusion It is necessary to scientifically grasp the law of evolution of policy orientation and the trend of evolution of policy instruments,rationally adjust the internal structure of policy instruments,and enhance the relevance and synergy of the policy system in order to improve the cohesion of policy effectiveness.