The ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS)is an internal protein breakdown mechanism regulating a series of cellular life processes.It plays a critical role in protein turnover in most cells to remove old,damaged,and misfolded proteins,which is closely related to the development and progression of various diseases.In recent years,this system has been in the spotlight in various research fields.Studies have shown that abnormal changes in UPS are related to inflamma-tion,diabetes,liver and kidney diseases,and tumors,as well as nervous system diseases.This article reviews the compo-sition of UPS,its role in neurological diseases,and associated therapeutic progress.