Objective:To analyze the current status of investigator-initiated clinical trials in a stomatology institution and explore establishing a suitable management system.Methods:By analyzing the data of the Medical Research Registration and Filing System of the National Health Commission and using the literature review and experience analysis methods, this study proposed key points for constructing the project management system.Results:The number of IITs in stomatology institutions increased over the years, with a relatively small overall size and short execution cycles. Young and middle-aged medical personnel were the main executors of the projects. The research mainly took the form of publishing papers and applying for patents. Based on the four dimensions of demand, countermeasures, cycle, and management, integrating support platforms such as methodology clinic, data platform, and transformation clinic, and combining supervision and inspection to explore constructing an IIT whole lifecycle management system.Conclusions:The IIT whole lifecycle management system was helpful for standardized project implementation and clinical research talent cultivation. In the future, it can refine management processes, improve management efficiency, and lay the foundation for higher-level clinical research.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function in schoolaged children, so as to provide the nutritional research evidence for promoting children s lung health. Methods: In November 2021, two primary schools located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province were selected from the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) cohort by a stratified cluster random sampling method, enrolling a total of 1 112 school aged children aged 8 to 13 years. At baseline, the dietary and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were assessed. One year later, the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the children was measured and converted into Z scores (FVC- Z ), while the vital capacity index (VCI) was also calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function, considering interactions with gender and age, followed by stratified analysis. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the analysis results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the carbohydrate energy ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.02) and VCI ( β =-0.16), while the fat energy ratio showed a positive correlation with FVC- Z ( β =0.03) and VCI ( β =0.23) ( P <0.05). The protein energy ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.09) and VCI ( β =0.60) specifically in girls ( P <0.05). Additionally, there was an interaction effect of age on the associations between macronutrients and lung function ( P <0.01); in children aged 8-9 and 10-11, the carbohydrate energy supply ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.04, -0.03) and VCI ( β =-0.29, -0.21), and fat energy supply ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.07, 0.05) and VCI ( β =0.46, 0.32) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There are age and sex differences in the association of dietary macronutrients with lung function, with a low carbohydrate, high fat diet promoting lung function in children. Additionally, protein intake appears to have a positive influence on the lung function of girls. The early school age period may represent a critical window for dietary interventions aimed at promoting lung health.

AIM: To investigate the current status of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in premature infants in Xiamen and analyze its influencing factors, aiming to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and preventive strategies.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the case data of 363 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 wk who underwent fundus examination at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University from February 11, 2020 to February 25, 2023. The incidence of ROP was statistically analyzed based on the screening results. All premature infants were divided into ROP group(37 cases, 64 eyes)and non-ROP group(326 cases, 652 eyes). General clinical data and perinatal-related information of the two groups were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the occurrence of ROP in premature infants.RESULTS: A total of 363 premature infants were included in this study. The fundus screening results showed that a total of 37 cases(64 eyes)of premature infants were detected with ROP, including 10 cases(10 eyes)monocular and 27 cases(54 eyes)binocular, with an overall incidence of 10.2%(37/363). The severity was determined according to the ROP international classification standard(ROP is divided into 5 stages, with stage I being the least severe and stage V the most severe). Among the 64 eyes, 30 eyes(46.9%)were in stage I, 20 eyes(31.3%)were in stage II, 10 eyes(15.6%)were in stage III, 4 eyes(6.3%)were in stage IV, and there were no cases in stage V. By comparing the clinical data of the two groups, no significant differences were found in gender, mode of delivery, singleton or multiple births, premature rupture of membranes, history of asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)between the two groups(all P>0.05). However, premature infants in the ROP group had significantly younger gestational age and lower birth weight compared to those in the non-ROP group(all P<0.05). Additionally, the ROP group had higher proportions of longer hospital stays, bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy for more than 1 wk, oxygen concentration above 40%, and blood transfusion treatment(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that combined neonatal sepsis(OR=166.985, 95% CI: 35.239-791.277, P<0.001), anemia(OR=8.111, 95% CI: 2.064-31.871, P=0.003), oxygen use time >1 wk(OR=10.216, 95% CI: 2.543-41.039, P=0.001), oxygen therapy concentration >40%(OR=7.647, 95% CI: 1.913-30.566, P=0.004), and receiving blood transfusion therapy(OR=5.879, 95% CI: 1.412-24.470, P=0.015)were the main risk factors affecting the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants, and the higher birth weight of preterm infants was a protective factor for ROP(OR=0.093, 95% CI: 0.022-0.394, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: The incidence of ROP in premature infants is relatively high, and there are multiple influencing factors. Low birth weight, neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy, and blood transfusion treatment are high-risk factors for ROP in premature infants. Clinical attention should be given to such infants, and fundus screening should be conducted in a standardized manner to provide early treatment, thereby further reducing the risk of ROP in premature infants.

Objective:To analyze the current status of investigator-initiated clinical trials in a stomatology institution and explore establishing a suitable management system.Methods:By analyzing the data of the Medical Research Registration and Filing System of the National Health Commission and using the literature review and experience analysis methods, this study proposed key points for constructing the project management system.Results:The number of IITs in stomatology institutions increased over the years, with a relatively small overall size and short execution cycles. Young and middle-aged medical personnel were the main executors of the projects. The research mainly took the form of publishing papers and applying for patents. Based on the four dimensions of demand, countermeasures, cycle, and management, integrating support platforms such as methodology clinic, data platform, and transformation clinic, and combining supervision and inspection to explore constructing an IIT whole lifecycle management system.Conclusions:The IIT whole lifecycle management system was helpful for standardized project implementation and clinical research talent cultivation. In the future, it can refine management processes, improve management efficiency, and lay the foundation for higher-level clinical research.

Objective To rationally allocate pharmaceutical and healthcare human resources,and to explore the feasibility of implementing the system of licensed assistant pharmacists in retail pharmacies.Methods Through literature review,questionnaire surveys,and statistical analysis of exam scores,the training status of pharmacy technicians with secondary vocational education,the employment situation in retail pharmacies,and the results of the licensed pharmacist qualification examination were deeply understood.Results Every year,a certain number of graduates with a secondary vocational education in pharmacy entered society,and retail pharmacies were willing to recruit pharmacy technicians with this educational background,their professional competence were recognized.Pharmacy technicians with secondary vocational education can obtain the professional qualification of practicing pharmacists through hard work,and demonstrated the basic competency for working as licensed assistant pharmacists.Conclusion The implementation of the licensed assistant pharmacist system among pharmacy technicians with secondary vocational education in retail pharmacies is feasible.This system can fully leverage the role of pharmacy technicians with secondary vocational education,make up for the shortage of professional personnel in certain regions,promote the construction of the pharmaceutical care system in retail pharmacies,and ensure drug quality and medication safety.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of Bizheng Granules combined with basic therapy in the treatment of liver and kidney insufficiency and phlegm-dampness cross-blocking syndrome of nerve root type cervical spondylosis radiculopathy.Methods Totally 108 patients with nerve root type cervical spondylosis radiculopathy were selected and divided into Bizheng Granules group,Jingfukang Granules group,and Bizheng Granules placebo group according to random number table method,with 36 cases in each group.The three groups were treated with the basic treatment(oral methylcobalamin tablets of 0.5 mg,three times a day,and cervical spine intermittent traction once a day,each time for 15 min),and Bizheng Granules were given in the Bizheng Granules group,and Jingfukang Granules in the Jingfukang Granules group,and Bizheng Granules placebo in the Bizheng Granules placebo group,twice a day after meals.All three groups were treated continuously for 2 weeks and followed up at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.Visual analog scale(VAS),cervical dysfunction index(NDI),and 36-items short form survey(SF-36)score were recorded in the 3 groups before and after treatment and 4 and 12 weeks after treatment,respectively.Adverse reactions during treatment and follow-up were recorded in the 3 groups.Results 3 cases lost in the Bizheng Granules group,3 cases in the Jingfukang Granules group,and 1 case in the Bizheng Granules placebo group.Compared with the pre-treatment period,the differences in VAS score,NDI score,and SF-36 score among the three groups of patients at all time points of treatment and follow-up were statistically significant(P<0.05).At 12 weeks after treatment,the VAS score and NDI score of the Bizheng Granules group and the Jingfukang Granules group were lower than those of the Bizheng Granules placebo group,but the differences in VAS score and NDI score between Bizheng Granules group and Jingfukang Granules group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).12 weeks after treatment,the SF-36 score of Bizheng Granules group were higher than those of Bizheng Granules placebo group,but the difference in SF-36 score between Bizheng Granules group and Jingfukang Granules group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The total effective rate of Bizheng Granules group was better than that of the Jingfukang Granules group and Bizheng Granules placebo group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the three groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no serious adverse events in the three groups.Conclusion Bizheng Granules combined with basic therapy has a definite therapeutic effect in improving pain,restoring cervical dysfunction,and improving quality of life in the treatment of liver and kidney insufficiency and phlegm-dampness cross-blocking syndrome of nerve root type cervical spondylosis radiculopathy,with good safety.

Objective To investigate the role of pharmacists in smoking cessation abroad and foster the dissemination and initiation of smoking cessation services led by pharmacist. Methods A search and compiles information on the value of pharmacists in offering smoking cessation services were carried out through the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases and the evolution of supportive policies were analyzed. The feasibility and barriers to pharmacists providing these services were examined. Results The involvement of pharmacists in smoking cessation positively impacted public health and the economy. Endowing pharmacists with the authority to prescribe smoking cessation medications, providing training in this service, and bolstering their potential through interprofessional collaboration can effectively address the barriers to their role in smoking cessation. Conclusion It is advisable to consider integrating smoking cessation services led by pharmacist into healthcare and public health policy guidelines ,which could enhance the efficacy and sustainability of smoking cessation initiatives.

Klebsiella oxytoca is an important opportunistic pathogen which cause community or hospital-acquired infections in adults and children. The disease it most causes is antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). It can also cause diseases such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bloodstream infections. The cytotoxins including Tilivalline and Tilimycin are important virulence factors for Klebsiella oxytoca, mainly causing AAHC. This article reviewed the progress of research on the prevalence, pathogenicity and mechanisms of K.oxytoca, hoping to improve the understanding of K.oxytoca and provide guidance on disease prevention and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the early auditory discrimination of vowels, consonants and lexical tones in prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants (CI) using auditory event-related potentials.Methods:Nineteen prelingually-deafened CI children and 19 normal hearing (NH) children were recruited in this study. A multi-deviant oddball paradigm was constructed using the monosyllable/ta1/as the standard stimulus and monosyllables/tu1/,/te1/, /da1/,/ra1/,/ta4/and/ta2/as the deviant stimuli. The event-related potentials evoked by vowel, consonant and lexical tone contrasts were recorded and analyzed in the two groups.Results:NH children showed robust mismatch negativities (MMNs) to vowel, consonant and lexical tone contrasts ( P<0.05), whereas CI children only showed positive mismatch responses (pMMRs) and P3a responses to the vowel ( P<0.05) and consonant contrasts ( P<0.05) and no significant event-related potential to the lexical tone contrasts ( P>0.05). The longer pMMR and P3a peak latencies ( P<0.01) but similar amplitudes ( P>0.05) were found in CI children than in NH children. CI children showed weaker phase synchronization of θ oscillations than NH children ( P<0.05). The duration of CI use was positively correlated with the scores of Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) ( P=0.004), Speech Intelligibility Rate (SIR) ( P=0.044) and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) ( P=0.001) in CI children. Conclusions:Prelingually-deafened CI children can process vowels and consonants at an early stage. However, their ability of processing speech, especially lexical tones, is still more immature compared with their NH peers. The event-related potentials could be objective electrophysiological indicators reflecting the maturity of CI children′s auditory speech functions. Long-term CI use is beneficial for prelingually-deafened children to improve auditory and speech performance.

Motion sickness refers to a multi-system physiological syndrome caused by abnormal acceleration and motion vision scene immersion.It occurs commonly in transportation,military operations,space exploration and other fields.This article reviews recent advances in mechanism,prediction and assessment as well as control measures for motion sickness,and discusses possible research direction of motion sickness in the future.The biological basis for motion sickness sensory conflict theory has been expanded;genomic sequencing and artificial intelligence techniques have been used as novel tools for motion sickness prediction and evaluation.Acclimatization training,anti-motion sickness medication and non-drug symptom control measures used in combination is the key for motion sickness prevention and treatment.