Objective: To explore the longitudinal associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function in schoolaged children, so as to provide the nutritional research evidence for promoting children s lung health. Methods: In November 2021, two primary schools located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province were selected from the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) cohort by a stratified cluster random sampling method, enrolling a total of 1 112 school aged children aged 8 to 13 years. At baseline, the dietary and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were assessed. One year later, the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the children was measured and converted into Z scores (FVC- Z ), while the vital capacity index (VCI) was also calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function, considering interactions with gender and age, followed by stratified analysis. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the analysis results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the carbohydrate energy ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.02) and VCI ( β =-0.16), while the fat energy ratio showed a positive correlation with FVC- Z ( β =0.03) and VCI ( β =0.23) ( P <0.05). The protein energy ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.09) and VCI ( β =0.60) specifically in girls ( P <0.05). Additionally, there was an interaction effect of age on the associations between macronutrients and lung function ( P <0.01); in children aged 8-9 and 10-11, the carbohydrate energy supply ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.04, -0.03) and VCI ( β =-0.29, -0.21), and fat energy supply ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.07, 0.05) and VCI ( β =0.46, 0.32) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There are age and sex differences in the association of dietary macronutrients with lung function, with a low carbohydrate, high fat diet promoting lung function in children. Additionally, protein intake appears to have a positive influence on the lung function of girls. The early school age period may represent a critical window for dietary interventions aimed at promoting lung health.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Erianin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, providing a research foundation for the clinical treatment of OSCC. Methods: Erianin was applied to OSCC cells (CAL27 and SCC9) at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μmol/L. The inhibitory effect of Erianin on OSCC cell proliferation was evaluated using CCK-8 and soft agar colony formation assays. Western blotting (WB) was employed to analyze the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), and apoptotic protein cleaved-Caspase 3 (c-Caspase 3) in OSCC cells. Caspase 3 activity was further assessed using a caspase 3 activity detection kit to examine the pro-apoptotic effect of Erianin in OSCC cells. Mcl-1 overexpression was induced in CAL27 cells via plasmid transfection, and the influence of Mcl-1 on the effects of Erianin in CAL27 cells was analyzed by WB and caspase 3 activity measurement. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Cancer Hospital. A CAL27 xenograft mouse model was established and randomly divided into two groups (n = 5): the treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of Erianin (25 mg/kg), while the control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the vehicle. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of Ki67 and Mcl-1 in the tumor tissues. Results: Erianin inhibited the proliferation of CAL27 and SCC9 cells in a dose-dependent manner and downregulated the protein expression of Mcl-1, with minimal effects on Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, Erianin induced apoptosis in OSCC cells, as evidenced by increased expression of c-Caspase 3 and enhanced caspase 3 activity (P<0.001). Overexpression of Mcl-1 inhibited the Erianin-induced increase in c-Caspase 3 protein levels and caspase 3 activity. In vivo results were consistent with the in vitro findings. After Erianin treatment, CAL27 cell growth in nude mice was suppressed (P<0.001), and the expression levels of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 in the tumor tissues were downregulated (P<0.001). Conclusion Erianin exhibits potent anti-tumor effects, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of OSCC cells and inducing apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may involve the downregulation of the pro-survival protein Mcl-1.

[Objective] To determine the blood group of a patient with ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancies using PacBio third-generation sequencing (TGS) technology, and to explore the application of serological methods and molecular biological methods in identifying chimeric blood groups. [Methods] The blood group serology testing was utilized. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of exons 1-7 of the ABO gene were conducted. The full-length sequencing of the ABO gene and haplotype analysis were carried out by PacBio third-generation sequencing technology. Short tandem repeat typing was also performed. [Results] Serological testing suggested a suspected B subtype, which appeared mixed field of vision with anti-B antibodies and showed 2+mf strength agglutination. Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous ABO^* O. 01. 01 genotype with the c. 261delG mutation in exon 6. PacBio TGS identified a predominant ABO^* O. 01. 01/ABO^* O. 01. 01 genotype and a low proportion of ABO^* B. 01. Nine locis of twenty short tandem repeat (STR) locis showed three or four types of genotypes in STR analysis, confirming chimerism. [Conclusion] The sample was a B/O blood group chimerism. The low proportion of ABO^* B. 01 chimerism was the true cause for the serological mixed field of vision. The PacBio third-generation sequencing technology can not only determine the ABO gene haplotype but also detect a low proportion gene chimerism in ABO blood groups.

AIM: To investigate the current status of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in premature infants in Xiamen and analyze its influencing factors, aiming to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and preventive strategies.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the case data of 363 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 wk who underwent fundus examination at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University from February 11, 2020 to February 25, 2023. The incidence of ROP was statistically analyzed based on the screening results. All premature infants were divided into ROP group(37 cases, 64 eyes)and non-ROP group(326 cases, 652 eyes). General clinical data and perinatal-related information of the two groups were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the occurrence of ROP in premature infants.RESULTS: A total of 363 premature infants were included in this study. The fundus screening results showed that a total of 37 cases(64 eyes)of premature infants were detected with ROP, including 10 cases(10 eyes)monocular and 27 cases(54 eyes)binocular, with an overall incidence of 10.2%(37/363). The severity was determined according to the ROP international classification standard(ROP is divided into 5 stages, with stage I being the least severe and stage V the most severe). Among the 64 eyes, 30 eyes(46.9%)were in stage I, 20 eyes(31.3%)were in stage II, 10 eyes(15.6%)were in stage III, 4 eyes(6.3%)were in stage IV, and there were no cases in stage V. By comparing the clinical data of the two groups, no significant differences were found in gender, mode of delivery, singleton or multiple births, premature rupture of membranes, history of asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)between the two groups(all P>0.05). However, premature infants in the ROP group had significantly younger gestational age and lower birth weight compared to those in the non-ROP group(all P<0.05). Additionally, the ROP group had higher proportions of longer hospital stays, bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy for more than 1 wk, oxygen concentration above 40%, and blood transfusion treatment(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that combined neonatal sepsis(OR=166.985, 95% CI: 35.239-791.277, P<0.001), anemia(OR=8.111, 95% CI: 2.064-31.871, P=0.003), oxygen use time >1 wk(OR=10.216, 95% CI: 2.543-41.039, P=0.001), oxygen therapy concentration >40%(OR=7.647, 95% CI: 1.913-30.566, P=0.004), and receiving blood transfusion therapy(OR=5.879, 95% CI: 1.412-24.470, P=0.015)were the main risk factors affecting the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants, and the higher birth weight of preterm infants was a protective factor for ROP(OR=0.093, 95% CI: 0.022-0.394, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: The incidence of ROP in premature infants is relatively high, and there are multiple influencing factors. Low birth weight, neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy, and blood transfusion treatment are high-risk factors for ROP in premature infants. Clinical attention should be given to such infants, and fundus screening should be conducted in a standardized manner to provide early treatment, thereby further reducing the risk of ROP in premature infants.

Objective: To explore the correlation between allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during the perioperative period. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort of 1,170 patients undergoing isolated CABG was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to explore the nonlinear association between perioperative RBC transfusion (from intraoperative period to 72 hours postoperatively) and HAIs. Results: Among the 1,170 CABG patients, 109 patients (9.2%) received RBC transfusion during the operation or within 3 days after the operation. The risk of HAIs in those who received ≥4 units of RBCs during and within 3 days after the operation was 6.89 times higher than that in the non-transfusion group (95% CI: 3.65-17.20). Furthermore, there was a nonlinear threshold effect between the blood transfusion volume and postoperative HAIs (inflection point: 7.8 units). When the transfusion volume was ≤7.8 units, the risk of HAIs increased by 61% for each additional unit transfused (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.21-2.15). Beyond this threshold, no statistically significant association was observed (P=0.289). Conclusion: Perioperative RBC transfusion in CABG patients is associated with an increased incidence of HAIs. The perioperative blood transfusion volume has a curvilinear relationship with the risk of postoperative HAIs. When the blood transfusion volume is ≤7.8 units, the blood transfusion volume has a dose-dependent relationship with postoperative infection, with higher blood transfusion volumes correlating with greater postoperative infection risk. When the blood transfusion volume is >7.8 units, the relationship between the two is not statistically significant. The preventive effect of reducing RBC transfusion on HAIs requires further validation in the future.

Lenvatinib, a second-generation multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA for first-line treatment of advanced liver cancer, facing limitations due to drug resistance. Here, we applied a multidimensional, high-throughput screening platform comprising patient-derived resistant liver tumor cells (PDCs), organoids (PDOs), and xenografts (PDXs) to identify drug susceptibilities for conquering lenvatinib resistance in clinically relevant settings. Expansion and passaging of PDCs and PDOs from resistant patient liver tumors retained functional fidelity to lenvatinib treatment, expediting drug repurposing screens. Pharmacological screening identified romidepsin, YM155, apitolisib, NVP-TAE684 and dasatinib as potential antitumor agents in lenvatinib-resistant PDC and PDO models. Notably, romidepsin treatment enhanced antitumor response in syngeneic mouse models by triggering immunogenic tumor cell death and blocking the EGFR signaling pathway. A combination of romidepsin and immunotherapy achieved robust and synergistic antitumor effects against lenvatinib resistance in humanized immunocompetent PDX models. Collectively, our findings suggest that patient-derived liver cancer models effectively recapitulate lenvatinib resistance observed in clinical settings and expedite drug discovery for advanced liver cancer, providing a feasible multidimensional platform for personalized medicine.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effect of Budigafol combined with Staphylococcus and neisseria tablets in maintenance treatment of patients with stable moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. METHODS A total of 122 patients with stable moderate to severe COPD who were admitted to the infections diseases ward of the department of respiratory and critical care medicine in our hospital from October 1， 2021 to January 31， 2023 were divided into control group （n＝61） and observation group （n＝61） according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with Budigafol inhalation aerosol alone （2 presses each time， twice a day）， and patients in the observation group were treated with Staphylococcus and neisseria tablets （1.2 mg each time， 3 times a day） on the basis of the control group. The treatment course of both groups was 3 months. The quality of life， exercise tolerance， lung function， inflammatory indexes， immune function， as well as the number of acute attacks of COPD and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS Control group and observation group shed 12 and 9 patients， respectively. After treatment， the 6 minute walking distance of the two groups of patients was significantly prolonged compared with that before treatment （P＜0.05）. The COPD assessment test questionnaire score， St George’s respiratory questionnaire score， the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity， the fractional exhaled nitric oxide， the serum levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were significantly E-mail：13956685295@163.com decreased compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）. The forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）， the ratio E-mail：13966580920@163.com of FEV1 to forced vital capacity， the percentage of the measured value of carbon monoxide diffusion capacity to the predicted value， and the percentage of the measured value of FEV1 to the predicted value were significantly increased compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）. The improvement of the above indicators in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Compared with before treatment， there was no statistical significance in the immune function indexes of the control group or the serum levels of immunoglobulin A （IgA） and IgM in the observation group after treatment （P＞0.05）. The percentages of CD3+ ， CD4+ ， B lymphocytes and natural killer cells， the levels of CD4+/CD8+ and IgG were significantly increased in the observation group （P＜ 0.05）， the percentage of CD8+ cells was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， and the improvement degree of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the number of acute exacerbations of COPD during the follow-up period and the incidence of adverse events during treatment between the two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Budigafol combined with Staphylococcus and neisseria tablets can effectively improve the immune function of patients with stable moderate to severe COPD， further reduce the level of inflammation， and improve their exercise tolerance and their quality of life with good safety.

Objective To study the effect of cobalt-60 gamma-ray (⁶⁰Co-γ) radiation on the structure of Nialamide, compare the anti-inflammatory activity of irradiation products, and explore the mechanism of action. Methods After ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation of nialamide at a dose of 50 kGy, five known compounds were obtained (2-6). The viability of RAW 264.7 (mouse mononuclear macrophage leukemia) cells treated with these compounds was determined by CCK-8 assay. The secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and the content of nitric oxide (NO) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Griess method. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. The expression levels of cell-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and IκB were detected using Western blot. Results The products of nialamide after irradiation did not significantly affect RAW264.7 cell viability (P > 0.05) but showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect (P < 0.01). Compared with nialamide, compounds 2, 3, 4, 6 significantly reduced NO content in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.01), and compound 4 had the most significant effect. Moreover, compound 4 significantly reduced the content of IL-6, TNF-α, PGE₂, and ROS (P < 0.05) as well as the expression of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and IκB (P < 0.05) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion The chemical structure of nialamide is changed after irradiation with ⁶⁰Co-γ, and its product compound 4 shows strong anti-inflammatory activity, which may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the release of inflammatory factors. Radiation technology can provide new insights into the changes of molecular structures and physiological properties of natural products.

Objective:This study aims to explore the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients and the screening value of serological indicators for HEV infection patients.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 440 cases of anti-HEV IgM and IgG simultaneously tested in two Beijing hospitals from January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2023. Among them, there were 61 005 males and 36 435 females, with an average age of 51.65±13.05 years old. According to the positivity of anti HEV specific antibodies, they were divided into anti-HEV IgM positive group (3 588 cases), anti-HEV IgG positive group (18 083 cases), and anti-HEV antibody negative group (78 892 cases). Results of HEV RNA, liver function, AFP, PIVKA-Ⅱ and PT were collected, and their basic clinical information were recorded. The prevalence of HEV infection in patients, as well as the relationship between the positivity of anti-HEV specific antibodies and the patient′s age group, HEV RNA, and clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results:Among 97 440 patients who tested anti-HEV IgM and IgG simultaneously, the positivity rate of anti-HEV IgM was 3.68% (3 588/97 440), and was 18.56% for anti-HEV IgG (18 083/97 440). The overall positivity rates of anti-HEV IgM in two Beijing hospitals from 2018 to 2023 were 2.51%, 2.53%, 3.02%, 4.59%, 5.72%, and 4.26% ( χ2=1 401.73, P<0.001), while the positivity rates of anti-HEV IgG were 12.56%, 12.32%, 12.85%, 22.65%, 27.42%, and 26.66% ( χ2=1 058.29, P<0.001). These rates showed a gradual increase until 2023 when a decline was observed. The positivity rates of anti-HEV IgM (2.28%, 3.60%, 4.47%) ( χ2=89.62, P<0.001) and IgG (4.71%, 17.86%, 25.94%) ( χ2=2 017.32, P<0.001) increased with age in patients who aged 1-30, >30-60, and over 60 years old. The age and ALB values of patients in the anti-HEV IgM positive group were lower than the IgG-positive group, while the proportion of males, TBIL, ALT, AFP and PT values were higher than the IgG-positive group, and the differences were statistically significance ( P<0.05). Furthermore, patients in both the anti-HEV IgM and IgG positive groups had higher age, male proportion, TBIL, ALT, AFP, PIVKA-Ⅱ, and PT values than the anti-HEV negative group. Additionally, both groups had lower ALB values than the anti-HEV negative group, all of which were statistically significant ( P<0.05). 2 162 HEV infected patients were grouped based on HEV RNA positivity. The proportion of anti-HEV IgM single positive, IgG single positive, IgM+IgG double positive, and antibody negative patients in the HEV RNA positive group were 5.42% (18/332), 3.62% (12/332), 90.36% (300/332), and 0.60% (2/332), respectively. Among them, the proportion of anti-HEV IgM+IgG double positive patients in the HEV RNA positive group was higher than that in the HEV RNA negative group ( χ2=302.87, P<0.001), while the proportion of anti-HEV IgG single positive ( χ2=174.36, P<0.001) and anti-HEV antibody negative patients ( χ2=59.28, P<0.001) were lower than that in the HEV RNA negative group, both of which were statistically significant ( P<0.001). In addition, the positive rates of HEV RNA in anti-HEV IgM positive, IgG positive, and antibody negative patients were 29.23% (318/1 088), 17.59% (312/1 774), and 0.65% (2/306), respectively. Conclusion:The HEV infection rate among patients declined in 2023. HEV infection is age-related, with older individuals being more susceptible. Abnormal liver function and jaundice were commonly observed during HEV infection. It is crucial to note that the absence of anti-HEV specific antibodies cannot rule out HEV infection; therefore, additional testing for HEV RNA and/or HEV Ag is necessary for accurate diagnosis.

Objective:To improve the perception of computed tomography(CT)images in detecting fine fracture through multi-task network of global attention,and to realize the detection of the target of fine fracture at case level through multi-task,and to quickly and accurately identify and locate fracture from a large number of CT images,so as to assist doctors to timely conduct treatment.Methods:A grouped Non-local network method was introduced to calculate the remote dependency relationship between each position of CT image continuous sections and channel.A single-stage detector of multi-objective detection model three dimension(3D)RetinaNet was integrated with the medical image semantic segmentation architecture(3D U-Net).A end-to-end multi-task 3D convolutional network was realized,which realized the detection of case level for fine fracture through multi-task collaboration.Select 600 CT scan images from the Rib Frac Dataset of rib fractures provided by the MICCAI 2020 Challenge,and they were divided into training set(500 cases)and test set(100 cases)as the ratio of 5:1 to test the precise performance of multi-task 3D convolutional network.Results:The precise performance of multi-task 3D convolutional network method was better than that of single-task FracNet,3D RetinaNet and 3D Retina U-Net in detection,which average precision was respectively higher 7.8%and 11.4%than 3D RetinaNet and 3D Retina U-Net.It was better than two kinds of single-task network detection method included 3D Faster R-CNN and 3D Mask R-CNN,and the average precision of that was respectively higher 6.7%and 3.1%than them.Conclusion:The integrated different modules of global attention multi-task network can improve the detection performance of fine fracture.The introduction of grouped Non-local network method can further improve the precise performance for the targets of fine fractures in detection.