SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum histone deacetylase 3(HDAC3),solu-ble programmed death molecule-1(sPD-1)and Omentin-1 levels with periodontal indexes and prognosis after combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontitis.Methods A total of 102 patients with periodontitis who were treated in a hospital from September 2018 to May 2020 were selected as the study group.Another 95 healthy subjects who underwent periodontal examination in the same period were selected as the control group.After 6 months of combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment,the patients were divided into poor prognosis group(n=39)and good prognosis group(n=63)according to the results of review.Ser-um levels of HDAC3,sPD-1 and Omentin-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The corre-lation between serum HDAC3,sPD-1,Omentin-1 and periodontal indexes in patients with periodontitis was analyzed by Pearson method.The prognostic value of serum HDAC3,sPD-1 and Omentin-1 in patients with periodontitis after treatment was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The ser-um levels of sPD-1,sulcus bleeding index(SBI),plaque index(PLI),loss of attachment(AL)and periodontal probing depth(PD)in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the ser-um levels of HDAC3 and Omentin-1 were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Serum sPD-1 levels were positively correlated with periodontal indicators SBI,PLI,AL and PD,while serum HDAC3 and Omentin-1 levels were negatively correlated with periodontal indicators SBI,PLI,AL and PD(P＜0.05).Before treatment,PD,PLI,alveolar bone height and serum sPD-1 level in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group,while serum HDAC3 and Omentin-1 levels were significantly lower than those in the good prognosis group,with statistical signifi-cance(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)predicted the prognosis of periodontitis patients after treatment by the combination of serum HDAC3,sPD-1 and Omentin-1 was better than the AUC predicted by serum HDAC3,SPD-1 and Omentin-1 alone(Z three combination-HDAC3=2.754,Z three combination-sPD-1=3.415,Z three combination-Omentin-1=3.355,P=0.006,0.001,0.001).Conclusion The serum level of sPD-1 in patients with periodontitis is significantly increased,and the serum levels of HDAC3 and Omentin-1 are significantly decreased,which are closely related to periodontal indexes.The combination of the three has a good predictive value for the prognosis of patients with periodontitis after treatment.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function in schoolaged children, so as to provide the nutritional research evidence for promoting children s lung health. Methods: In November 2021, two primary schools located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province were selected from the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) cohort by a stratified cluster random sampling method, enrolling a total of 1 112 school aged children aged 8 to 13 years. At baseline, the dietary and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were assessed. One year later, the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the children was measured and converted into Z scores (FVC- Z ), while the vital capacity index (VCI) was also calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function, considering interactions with gender and age, followed by stratified analysis. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the analysis results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the carbohydrate energy ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.02) and VCI ( β =-0.16), while the fat energy ratio showed a positive correlation with FVC- Z ( β =0.03) and VCI ( β =0.23) ( P <0.05). The protein energy ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.09) and VCI ( β =0.60) specifically in girls ( P <0.05). Additionally, there was an interaction effect of age on the associations between macronutrients and lung function ( P <0.01); in children aged 8-9 and 10-11, the carbohydrate energy supply ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.04, -0.03) and VCI ( β =-0.29, -0.21), and fat energy supply ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.07, 0.05) and VCI ( β =0.46, 0.32) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There are age and sex differences in the association of dietary macronutrients with lung function, with a low carbohydrate, high fat diet promoting lung function in children. Additionally, protein intake appears to have a positive influence on the lung function of girls. The early school age period may represent a critical window for dietary interventions aimed at promoting lung health.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Erianin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, providing a research foundation for the clinical treatment of OSCC. Methods: Erianin was applied to OSCC cells (CAL27 and SCC9) at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μmol/L. The inhibitory effect of Erianin on OSCC cell proliferation was evaluated using CCK-8 and soft agar colony formation assays. Western blotting (WB) was employed to analyze the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), and apoptotic protein cleaved-Caspase 3 (c-Caspase 3) in OSCC cells. Caspase 3 activity was further assessed using a caspase 3 activity detection kit to examine the pro-apoptotic effect of Erianin in OSCC cells. Mcl-1 overexpression was induced in CAL27 cells via plasmid transfection, and the influence of Mcl-1 on the effects of Erianin in CAL27 cells was analyzed by WB and caspase 3 activity measurement. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Cancer Hospital. A CAL27 xenograft mouse model was established and randomly divided into two groups (n = 5): the treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of Erianin (25 mg/kg), while the control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the vehicle. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of Ki67 and Mcl-1 in the tumor tissues. Results: Erianin inhibited the proliferation of CAL27 and SCC9 cells in a dose-dependent manner and downregulated the protein expression of Mcl-1, with minimal effects on Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, Erianin induced apoptosis in OSCC cells, as evidenced by increased expression of c-Caspase 3 and enhanced caspase 3 activity (P<0.001). Overexpression of Mcl-1 inhibited the Erianin-induced increase in c-Caspase 3 protein levels and caspase 3 activity. In vivo results were consistent with the in vitro findings. After Erianin treatment, CAL27 cell growth in nude mice was suppressed (P<0.001), and the expression levels of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 in the tumor tissues were downregulated (P<0.001). Conclusion Erianin exhibits potent anti-tumor effects, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of OSCC cells and inducing apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may involve the downregulation of the pro-survival protein Mcl-1.

[Objective] To determine the blood group of a patient with ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancies using PacBio third-generation sequencing (TGS) technology, and to explore the application of serological methods and molecular biological methods in identifying chimeric blood groups. [Methods] The blood group serology testing was utilized. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of exons 1-7 of the ABO gene were conducted. The full-length sequencing of the ABO gene and haplotype analysis were carried out by PacBio third-generation sequencing technology. Short tandem repeat typing was also performed. [Results] Serological testing suggested a suspected B subtype, which appeared mixed field of vision with anti-B antibodies and showed 2+mf strength agglutination. Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous ABO^* O. 01. 01 genotype with the c. 261delG mutation in exon 6. PacBio TGS identified a predominant ABO^* O. 01. 01/ABO^* O. 01. 01 genotype and a low proportion of ABO^* B. 01. Nine locis of twenty short tandem repeat (STR) locis showed three or four types of genotypes in STR analysis, confirming chimerism. [Conclusion] The sample was a B/O blood group chimerism. The low proportion of ABO^* B. 01 chimerism was the true cause for the serological mixed field of vision. The PacBio third-generation sequencing technology can not only determine the ABO gene haplotype but also detect a low proportion gene chimerism in ABO blood groups.

AIM: To investigate the current status of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in premature infants in Xiamen and analyze its influencing factors, aiming to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and preventive strategies.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the case data of 363 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 wk who underwent fundus examination at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University from February 11, 2020 to February 25, 2023. The incidence of ROP was statistically analyzed based on the screening results. All premature infants were divided into ROP group(37 cases, 64 eyes)and non-ROP group(326 cases, 652 eyes). General clinical data and perinatal-related information of the two groups were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the occurrence of ROP in premature infants.RESULTS: A total of 363 premature infants were included in this study. The fundus screening results showed that a total of 37 cases(64 eyes)of premature infants were detected with ROP, including 10 cases(10 eyes)monocular and 27 cases(54 eyes)binocular, with an overall incidence of 10.2%(37/363). The severity was determined according to the ROP international classification standard(ROP is divided into 5 stages, with stage I being the least severe and stage V the most severe). Among the 64 eyes, 30 eyes(46.9%)were in stage I, 20 eyes(31.3%)were in stage II, 10 eyes(15.6%)were in stage III, 4 eyes(6.3%)were in stage IV, and there were no cases in stage V. By comparing the clinical data of the two groups, no significant differences were found in gender, mode of delivery, singleton or multiple births, premature rupture of membranes, history of asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)between the two groups(all P>0.05). However, premature infants in the ROP group had significantly younger gestational age and lower birth weight compared to those in the non-ROP group(all P<0.05). Additionally, the ROP group had higher proportions of longer hospital stays, bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy for more than 1 wk, oxygen concentration above 40%, and blood transfusion treatment(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that combined neonatal sepsis(OR=166.985, 95% CI: 35.239-791.277, P<0.001), anemia(OR=8.111, 95% CI: 2.064-31.871, P=0.003), oxygen use time >1 wk(OR=10.216, 95% CI: 2.543-41.039, P=0.001), oxygen therapy concentration >40%(OR=7.647, 95% CI: 1.913-30.566, P=0.004), and receiving blood transfusion therapy(OR=5.879, 95% CI: 1.412-24.470, P=0.015)were the main risk factors affecting the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants, and the higher birth weight of preterm infants was a protective factor for ROP(OR=0.093, 95% CI: 0.022-0.394, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: The incidence of ROP in premature infants is relatively high, and there are multiple influencing factors. Low birth weight, neonatal sepsis, anemia, oxygen therapy, and blood transfusion treatment are high-risk factors for ROP in premature infants. Clinical attention should be given to such infants, and fundus screening should be conducted in a standardized manner to provide early treatment, thereby further reducing the risk of ROP in premature infants.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become prominent global health threats, escalating the burden on public health systems. The increasing occurrence of invasive fungal infections is due primarily to the extensive application of chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapies, and broad-spectrum antifungal agents. At present, therapeutic practices utilize multiple categories of antifungal agents, such as azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and pyrimidine analogs. Nevertheless, the clinical effectiveness of these treatments is progressively weakened by the emergence of drug resistance, thereby substantially restricting their therapeutic utility. Consequently, there is an imperative need to expedite the discovery of novel antifungal agents. This review seeks to present an exhaustive synthesis of novel antifungal drugs and candidate agents that are either under current clinical investigation or anticipated to progress into clinical evaluation. These emerging compounds exhibit unique benefits concerning their modes of action, antimicrobial spectra, and pharmacokinetic characteristics, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes relative to conventional antifungal regimens. It is anticipated that these novel therapeutic agents will furnish innovative treatment modalities and enhance clinical outcomes in managing invasive fungal infections.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of central nervous system（CNS）mucormycosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（allo-HSCT）.Methods:Clinical data of 6 patients diagnosed with CNS mucormycosis after allo-HSCT at Henan Cancer Hospital between January 2020 and December 2024 were retrospectively collected. The patients' clinical manifestations，laboratory findings，imaging features，treatment regimens，and outcomes were analyzed.Results:The incidence of CNS mucormycosis post-allo-HSCT was 0.7%（6/851）. The main clinical manifestations included impaired consciousness（5 cases），convulsions（3 cases），headache（2 cases），hemiplegia（1 case），ptosis（1 case），and mydriasis with sluggish light reflex and incomplete eye closure（1 case）. The median time from transplantation to the onset of neurological symptoms was 138 days（94-572 days）. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing（mNGS）of cerebrospinal fluid identified Rhizopus spp.（2 cases）， Rhizomucor spp.（2 cases），and Absidia spp.（2 cases）. Cranial MRI performed in five patients revealed multiple mass or patchy lesions in various regions；one patient underwent cranial CT，which showed patchy hypodense lesions in multiple areas. All patients received antifungal therapy，with 2 cases receiving combined intrathecal injection of amphotericin B liposomes；five patients died，and one survived. Conclusions:CNS mucormycosis is a rare but severe complication after allo-HSCT. Its clinical and radiological features are non-specific，posing diagnostic challenges. Intravenous administration of liposomal amphotericin B at full dosage，combined with intrathecal injection，may improve treatment efficacy.

A 20-year-old male patient with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia received 9/10 human leukocyte antigen-compatible unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. He was transplanted with 5.91×10 8 mononuclear cells/kg and 2.88×10 6 CD34 + cells/kg, and neutrophil engraftment was obtained at +11 days and platelet engraftment at +9 days. After transplantation, he presented with repeatedly increased serum creatinine levels, BK virus (BKV) -associated hemorrhagic cystitis, and BKV viremia. BK virus nephropathy was diagnosed based on renal biopsy and metagenomic next-generation sequencing. After adjusting the immunosuppressant, intravenous immunoglobulin, and donor lymphocyte infusion treatment, the patient’s renal function deteriorated progressively, and he eventually died of multiple organ failure at +289 days.

Objective:To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of two children diagnosed with two rare genetic diseases simultaneously.Methods:Two children with comorbidity of two genetic diseases due to dual genetic mutations diagnosed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University respectively in May 2022 and March 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical and genetic data of the two children were retrospectively analyzed. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Ethic No. 2021-062-01).Results:Child 1 was a 2-year-and-4-month-old boy whose clinical manifestations included facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, short stature, microcephaly, cleft palate, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, recurrent infections and immunological abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing revealed that he had harbored a heterozygous c.6595delT (p.Y2199Ifs*65) variant of the KMT2D gene and a heterozygous c. 1892G>A (p.R631Q) variant of the PIK3R1 gene. This has led to a dual genetic diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome and PI3Kδ-related immunodeficiency type 36. Child 2 was a 15-year-old girl whose clinical manifestations included epilepsy, Albright′s hereditary osteodystrophy, long body trunk, short limbs, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism. The child also had a family history of short stature. Whole exome sequencing revealed that she had harbored a heterozygous c. 2T>C (p.Met1? ) variant of the GNAS gene and deletion of exons 2 to 6 of the SHOX gene. The two variants have led to dual diagnose of pseudohypoparathyroidism and X-linked idiopathic short stature. Conclusion:When the clinical phenotype of a genetic disease is complex and cannot be fully explained with a single genetic variant, multiple pathogenic variants should be considered, and this may lead to the diagnosis of co-morbid genetic diseases. To adopt or supplement corresponding genetic testing in time and re-analyze the genetic data may facilitate accurate diagnosis of comorbid genetic diseases.