Liver transplantation is the standard treatment for end-stage liver disease， but it has long been limited by the shortage of donor livers. In clinical practice， three types of donor liver （domino donor livers， small-for-size grafts， and steatotic donor livers） are limited due to issues such as metabolic defects， insufficient volume， and poor quality. This article systematically reviews the definition， clinical application， and bottlenecks of the above three types of donor livers and elaborates on the unique value and clinical practice advances of auxiliary liver transplantation （a special surgical procedure that retains part or all of the recipient’s own liver and superimposes donor liver function support） in avoiding small-for-size syndrome， compensating for metabolic defects， and expanding the application of marginal livers， in order to provide a targeted clinical practice reference for optimizing liver transplantation strategies for end-stage liver disease and improving donor liver utilization rate.

Objective The prediction model of recurrence within two years after complete remission of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients was constructed based on frienemy indecision region dynamic ensemble selection(FIRE-DES)to provide decision-making basis for the treatment of patients.Methods To collect data of 498 patients who achieved complete response after treatment from January 2010 to January 2020 in a Grade-A hospital in Shanxi Province.A FIRE-DES combination prediction model based on four common category-disequilibrium treatment methods was constructed and compared with five traditional single classifiers and two integrated classifiers.Results Among the four categories of unbalance algorithms,synthetic minority oversampling technique and edited nearest neighbor(SMOTE-ENN)algorithm has obtained the optimal classification performance.On this basis,the classification effect of dynamic ensemble selection performance(DESP),K-nearest oracle union(KNORAU)and meta-learning for dynamic ensemble selection(META-DES)dynamic integration selection algorithms is obviously superior to the traditional single classifier and ensemble classifier model.The classification effect of the improved DESP,KNORAU and META-DES dynamic selection algorithms based on Frienemy Indecision Region is further improved.The classification performance of FIRE-META-DES was the best(Accuracy=0.909,Precision=0.906,Recall=0.967,AUC=0.879,F1-Score=0.936,Brier Score=0.088).Conclusion Aiming at the actual DLBCL data set,SMOTE-ENN+FIRE-META-DES combined prediction model for recurrence used in this paper achieves the optimal performance and low computational complexity,which can provide a strong reference for DLBCL recurrence prediction.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden obstruction or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels,and is one of the major causes of disability and death in China.The main therapeutic goal is to restore blood flow as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms,and intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are often adopted.However,post-thrombolysis blood recirculation is prone to lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).CIRI is a key pathological process in IS,so it is critical to find ways to mitigate CIRI.Mitochondrial biogenesis(MB)coordinates synthe-sis of new mitochondria from existing ones.When cerebral ischemia occurs,the body maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by ac-tivating MB,alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response,and prevents the body from further damage.Understanding the molecular mechanism of MB and its activation pathway will provide a new direction for the treatment of CIRI.This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of MB,the protective mechanism of MB for CIRI by maintaining mitochondrial homeosta-sis,inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation after IS,and the potential therapeutic targets to improve CIRI by activating MB.It will provide new ideas for clinical treatment of CIRI.

Limb spasticity is a common complication after stroke,with clinical manifestations such as increased muscle tone,limb stiffness and pain,which reduces the quality of patients'daily life and increases the economic burden.Currently,scales,surface electromyography and biomechanical methods are mostly used to assess limb spasticity in clinical practice,but clinical scales rely on experience and are highly subjective;surface electromyography is prone to compensations and test errors;and biomechanical methods are more restrictive.Musculoskeletal ultrasound is not only capable of detecting muscle parameters and providing quantitative information such as muscle hardness and elasticity,but also has the unique advantages of high-resolution and real-time imag-ing,which has been increasingly used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.In this paper,we review the evidence related to musculoskeletal ultrasound and limb spasticity assessment,with the aim of exploring a simple and reasonable quantitative assessment method,which will provide some thoughts for the future clinical assessment of limb spasticity.

Objective The prediction model of recurrence within two years after complete remission of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients was constructed based on frienemy indecision region dynamic ensemble selection(FIRE-DES)to provide decision-making basis for the treatment of patients.Methods To collect data of 498 patients who achieved complete response after treatment from January 2010 to January 2020 in a Grade-A hospital in Shanxi Province.A FIRE-DES combination prediction model based on four common category-disequilibrium treatment methods was constructed and compared with five traditional single classifiers and two integrated classifiers.Results Among the four categories of unbalance algorithms,synthetic minority oversampling technique and edited nearest neighbor(SMOTE-ENN)algorithm has obtained the optimal classification performance.On this basis,the classification effect of dynamic ensemble selection performance(DESP),K-nearest oracle union(KNORAU)and meta-learning for dynamic ensemble selection(META-DES)dynamic integration selection algorithms is obviously superior to the traditional single classifier and ensemble classifier model.The classification effect of the improved DESP,KNORAU and META-DES dynamic selection algorithms based on Frienemy Indecision Region is further improved.The classification performance of FIRE-META-DES was the best(Accuracy=0.909,Precision=0.906,Recall=0.967,AUC=0.879,F1-Score=0.936,Brier Score=0.088).Conclusion Aiming at the actual DLBCL data set,SMOTE-ENN+FIRE-META-DES combined prediction model for recurrence used in this paper achieves the optimal performance and low computational complexity,which can provide a strong reference for DLBCL recurrence prediction.

Crown lengthening is one of the common periodontal surgeries for the purposes of function,aesthetic and periodontal health.In recent years,with the continuous development of minimally invasive concept,flapless crown lengthening surgery has been re-ceiving increasing attention in clinical practice.With the help of laser,piezosurgery and other tools,flapless crown lengthening surgery is used to remove alveolar bone through gingival sulcus without open-flap approach and suture.This minimally invasive flapless ap-proach can avoid direct exposure of alveolar bone,and has the advantages of less bleeding,less trauma,fast healing,simple operation and high patients'comfort.The review demonstrates surgical methods,indication selection and clinical application results of flapless crown lengthening,aiming at providing reference for clinicians to carry out this novel technique.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture,the clinical efficacy,systemic inflammatory response,blood-brain barrier and intestinal flora in patients with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke(IS)were studied.Methods Thirty patients(3 cases shedding)with cognitive impairment after IS were included as the disease group,including patients before treatment as the disease group,patients after Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture treatment as the electroacupuncture group,and 30 healthy controls(3 cases shedding)were included as the healthy group.In the electroacupuncture group,on the basis of the basic treatment,Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture was applied,which was 30 min each time,once a day for 14 days.The MMSE,MoCA and MBI scores of the three groups were observed.The fecal and serum samples from all study subjects were collected,and 16S rDNA sequencing technology and ELISA were used to detect the changes of proinflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and S100β in serum in intestinal flora and feces.Results Compared with the healthy group,the MMSE,MoCA,and MBI score of patients in the disease group decreased significantly(P<0.05),serum proinflammatory factors and S100β protein content increased significantly(P<0.05),and the Shannon index(P<0.01)and Simpson index(P<0.001)increased significantly.Compared with the disease group,the MMSE,MoCA,and MBI score of the EA group increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum levels of proinflammatory factors and S100β decreased significantly(P<0.05),Shannon index and Simpson index decreased(P>0.05).The dominant bacterial flora in the healthy group mainly included Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Bifidobacteriaceae,Ruminococcaceae,and Bacteroides and other beneficial bacteria(P<0.05).The dominant flora in the disease group included Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriaceae,Escherichia,Klebsiella and other opportunistic bacteria(P<0.05),while the dominant flora in the EA group was consistent with the healthy group,the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria increased significantly(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of opportunistic bacteria decreased significantly(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis found that beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with clinical efficacy related indicators,but with serum proinflammatory factors and the content of S100β was negatively correlated.Conclusion Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture can regulate the diversity of intestinal flora to increase the abundance of Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Faecalibacterium,and other beneficial bacteria,regulate the intestinal microecological balance,Thereby regulating systemic inflammation and blood-brain barrier function,which plays a role in improving cognitive function.

Sonodynamic therapy（SDT）has garnered significant attention in cancer treatment modalities due to its superior tissue penetration capabilities，non-invasive approach，and controllability. SDT operates by utilizing sonosensitizers and ultrasound-responsive devices to induce the production of reactive oxygen species（ROS）under ultrasound stimulation，thereby eliciting immunogenic cell death（ICD）in tumor cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns，which in turn trigger an immune response against the tumor.However，the tumor microenvironment often results in a relatively weak immune response post-cancer treatment. To address this issue，extensive research is being conducted on combining SDT with immunotherapy，particularly focusing on immune checkpoint blockade（ICB）therapies. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of SDT，its integration with immunotherapy，especially ICB therapies，and the current state of research，with the objective of providing strategic guidance for the advancement of sonodynamic immunotherapy.

Crown lengthening is one of the common periodontal surgeries for the purposes of function,aesthetic and periodontal health.In recent years,with the continuous development of minimally invasive concept,flapless crown lengthening surgery has been re-ceiving increasing attention in clinical practice.With the help of laser,piezosurgery and other tools,flapless crown lengthening surgery is used to remove alveolar bone through gingival sulcus without open-flap approach and suture.This minimally invasive flapless ap-proach can avoid direct exposure of alveolar bone,and has the advantages of less bleeding,less trauma,fast healing,simple operation and high patients'comfort.The review demonstrates surgical methods,indication selection and clinical application results of flapless crown lengthening,aiming at providing reference for clinicians to carry out this novel technique.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture,the clinical efficacy,systemic inflammatory response,blood-brain barrier and intestinal flora in patients with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke(IS)were studied.Methods Thirty patients(3 cases shedding)with cognitive impairment after IS were included as the disease group,including patients before treatment as the disease group,patients after Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture treatment as the electroacupuncture group,and 30 healthy controls(3 cases shedding)were included as the healthy group.In the electroacupuncture group,on the basis of the basic treatment,Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture was applied,which was 30 min each time,once a day for 14 days.The MMSE,MoCA and MBI scores of the three groups were observed.The fecal and serum samples from all study subjects were collected,and 16S rDNA sequencing technology and ELISA were used to detect the changes of proinflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and S100β in serum in intestinal flora and feces.Results Compared with the healthy group,the MMSE,MoCA,and MBI score of patients in the disease group decreased significantly(P<0.05),serum proinflammatory factors and S100β protein content increased significantly(P<0.05),and the Shannon index(P<0.01)and Simpson index(P<0.001)increased significantly.Compared with the disease group,the MMSE,MoCA,and MBI score of the EA group increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum levels of proinflammatory factors and S100β decreased significantly(P<0.05),Shannon index and Simpson index decreased(P>0.05).The dominant bacterial flora in the healthy group mainly included Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Bifidobacteriaceae,Ruminococcaceae,and Bacteroides and other beneficial bacteria(P<0.05).The dominant flora in the disease group included Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriaceae,Escherichia,Klebsiella and other opportunistic bacteria(P<0.05),while the dominant flora in the EA group was consistent with the healthy group,the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria increased significantly(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of opportunistic bacteria decreased significantly(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis found that beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with clinical efficacy related indicators,but with serum proinflammatory factors and the content of S100β was negatively correlated.Conclusion Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture can regulate the diversity of intestinal flora to increase the abundance of Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium,Faecalibacterium,and other beneficial bacteria,regulate the intestinal microecological balance,Thereby regulating systemic inflammation and blood-brain barrier function,which plays a role in improving cognitive function.