Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of liver cancer in Guangdong Province in 2020, and to provide a scientific foundation for the development of regionalized prevention and control strategies for liver cancer. Methods According to the cancer registry data of Guangdong Province, the incidence, mortality and age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population in 2020 were calculated to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer. The disability adjusted life years (DALYs), year of life loss (YLL), year of lived with disability (YLD), and cause-eliminated life expectancy were used to assess the disease burden of liver cancer. Results In 2020, the crude incidence rate and the age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 27.79/100 000 and 20.84/100 000，respectively, and the crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate of liver cancer were 25.49/100,000 and 17.64/100 000, respectively. The total DALY and DALY rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 515 311 person-years and 513.83/100 000, respectively. After eliminating the causes of death from liver cancer, the life expectancy in Guangdong Province increased from 84.60 years to 84.99 years. All indicators consistently demonstrated that the burden of liver cancer was higher in males than that in females, and the burden of liver cancer was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas. Conclusion Liver cancer in Guangdong Province exhibits a high incidence, mortality and disease burden level in 2020. There are obvious differences of gender, age and region in cancer burden. It is necessary to strengthen liver cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment in men, the elderly and those in rural areas to reduce the burden of liver cancer gradually in Guangdong Province.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Fuzheng Huaji Formula （扶正化积方） for chronic hepatitis B to reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting medical records of 118 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 234 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis who visited the hospital between January 1， 2014， and December 31， 2018. The use of Fuzheng Huaji Formula was designated as the exposure factor. Patients receiving antiviral treatment for hepatitis B without concurrent Fuzheng Huaji Formula therapy were included in the western medicine group， while those receiving antiviral treatment combined with Fuzheng Huaji Formula for a cumulative treatment lasting longer than 3 months were included in the combined treatment group. The follow-up observation period was five years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to examine the factors influencing the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. ResultsAmong patients with chronic hepatitis B， there were 55 cases in the combined treatment group and 63 cases in the western medicine group； among patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis， there were 110 cases in the combined treatment group and 124 cases in the western medicine group. Five-year follow-up outcomes for chronic hepatitis B patients showed that the cumulative incidence of cirrhosis was 5.45% （3/55） in the combined treatment group and 17.46% （11/63） in the western medicine group， with a statistically significant difference between groups （Z = 2.003， P = 0.045）. Five-year follow-up outcomes for hepatitis B-related cirrhosis patients showed that the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 8.18% （9/110） in the combined treatment group and 22.58% （28/124） in the western medicine group， also showing a statistically significant difference （Z = 3.007， P = 0.003）. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that treatment with Fuzheng Huaji Formula is an independent protective factor in preventing the progression of chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis and the progression of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCombining Fuzheng Huaji Formula with antiviral therapy for hepatitis B can effectively intervene in the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B， reducing the incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chemotherapy based on cisplatin or its combination therapy is a common cancer treatment method. However， the non-specific side effects of cisplatin， poor pharmacokinetic properties of small molecule drugs， and susceptibility to drug resistance greatly limit the clinical application of cisplatin as first-line anti-tumor drug. With the development of nanocarrier technology， liposomes have become an ideal carrier for delivering cisplatin drugs due to their excellent properties of targeting， reducing toxicity， and enhancing efficacy. This paper reviews the status of cisplatin liposome both domestically and internationally which have entered clinical trials， including L-NDDP，SPI-077®， Lipoplatin®，LiPlaCis，SLIT and ILC， etc. Currently， only Lipoplatin® and ILC are showing good potential in cancer therapy. Although cisplatin liposome has made some progress in reducing systemic toxicity and improving treatment efficiency in clinical research， there is still potential for further improvement in tumor targeting and reducing side effects. In the future， more low-toxicity and efficient cisplatin liposomes can be developed through formulation technologies such as co-delivery liposome， stimuli-responsive liposome and targeting liposome.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system， and the “inflammation-to-cancer transformation” （ICT） of chronic hepatitis is the core pathological process of the progression of chronic hepatitis to liver cancer. Persistent and uncontrolled liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis often leads to repeated liver tissue damage and repair， which gradually develops into liver fibrosis and cirrhosis， eventually leading to malignant transformation through the mechanisms such as gene mutation and microenvironment imbalance. ICT in chronic hepatitis is the key link between chronic hepatitis and liver cancer， and its dynamic evolution involves various pathogenic factors such as dampness， heat， deficiency， toxin， and stasis； among which damp-heat and vital energy deficiency are the initiating factors for ICT of chronic hepatitis， while intermingled stasis and toxin are the key pathological products that promote malignant transformation. Based on the concept of preventive treatment， traditional Chinese medicine can effectively delay and even block the ICT of chronic hepatitis by regulating inflammation， metabolism， and abnormal cell proliferation through multiple targets， which provides important strategies and research directions for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.

Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs (Eff-iEC) has emerged. This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), including Biejiajian Pill (BP), Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP), Biejia Ruangan Compound (BRC), Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FHC), Anluo Huaxian Pill (AHP), and Heluo Shugan Capsule (HSC), using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents. Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system, while the assessments for others varied. Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs, exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities. By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation, Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs, providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making, new drug evaluations, and health policy formulation.

Arthritis, encompassing osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and gouty arthritis (GA), is a prevalent inflammatory disease that significantly impacts quality of life. Natural products (NPs), derived from animals, plants, marine organisms, and microorganisms, have demonstrated beneficial effects in arthritis treatment both domestically and internationally. These natural compounds offer advantages in drug discovery due to their skeletal diversity, structural complexity, and multi-effect, multi-target, and low-toxicity properties compared to conventional small-molecule medicines. However, unclear mechanisms have hindered the development and clinical application of NPs. This review summarizes recent experimental studies from the past decade on natural medicine for arthritis treatment, emphasizing key NPs with therapeutic effects on OA, RA, and GA. It examines the effects and molecular mechanisms of NPs acting on different cells to treat arthritis. Furthermore, this review provides insights into the future prospects of NP research in this field, which is crucial for advancing NP-based arthritis treatments.
Humans ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy* ; Arthritis/drug therapy* ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy*

Objective To investigate the impact of 15 days of complete fasting on individuals'risk decision-making abilities and the role of physical exercise in this process.Methods Twenty-four healthy participants completed a 28-day experiment divided into baseline,complete fasting,calorie restriction,and full recovery phases.Participants were randomly assigned to a light exercise group(EL),moderate exercise group(EM),or control group(CN).Risk decision-making capacity was assessed using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task(BART),with data analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests.Results Fifteen days of complete fasting did not significantly affect the participants'risk decision-making abilities.Additionally,after fasting,the moderate exercise group was more likely to make risky decisions compared to the light exercise group.Conclusion Long-term fasting has no significant impact on risk decision-making ability,but engaging in physical exercise makes people more likely to make high-risk decisions.

BackgroundIn schizophrenia， a subset of patients may progress to treatment-resistant schizophrenia owing to inadequate response to standard antipsychotic therapies， resulting in profound impairments in cognitive and social functioning alongside a cumulative burden of adverse drug reactions during the prolonged treatment. Currently， evidence supporting the use of blonanserin for treatment-resistant schizophrenia remains limited. ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of blonanserin in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia， so as to provide references for clinical management of this condition. MethodsA total of 43 inpatients fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria for treatment-resistant schizophrenia were consecutively recruited from Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital from September 2024 to January 2025. Subjects were assigned to either the study group （n=21） or the control group （n=22） using the random number table method. The study group received blonanserin at a daily dosage ranging from 8 to 24 mg， while the control group was administered amisulpride at a daily dosage from 400 to 1 200 mg. At baseline and at the end of the 4^th and 8^th week of treatment， the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） and the Personal and Social Performance scale （PSP） were used to access patients' psychotic symptoms and social functioning， respectively. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test （HVLT）， the Stroop Color-Word Test （SCWT）， the Trail Making Test （TMT）， the Digit Span Test （DST）， and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test （DSST）. During the treatment process， treatment-related adverse reactions were recorded between two groups. ResultsSignificant time effects were found in PANSS total scores， as well as its positive symptom， negative symptom， and general psychopathological subscale scores （F=186.505， 149.318， 135.671， 416.744， P<0.01）. The group-by-time interaction effect was significant in PANSS total scores and general psychopathological subscale scores （F=3.483， 4.318， P<0.05）. At the end of the 8^th week， the study group exhibited lower general psychopathological subscale scores and the PANSS total scores compared to the control group， with statistically significant differences （t=-2.106， -2.429， P<0.05）. Significant group effects were detected in HVLT scores， Stroop word scores and Stroop color scores （F=6.720， 7.921， 11.383， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The group-by-time interaction effect for Stroop word scores， Stroop interference scores， TMT scores and DSST scores were statistically significant （F=3.571， 4.095， 3.463， 37.000， P<0.05 or 0.01）. At the end of the 8^th week， the DSST score of the study group was higher than that of the control group （t=2.074， P<0.05）. For PSP scores， significant time effect， group effect and group-by-time interaction effect were all observed （F=433.710， 4.463， 10.491， P<0.05 or 0.01）. At the end of the 8^th week， the study group reported higher PSP score compared to the control group， with a statistically significant difference （t=3.451， P<0.05）. No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was exhibited between the two groups （P>0.05）. ConclusionBlonanserin demonstrates efficacy comparable to amisulpride in ameliorating positive and negative symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Notably， blonanserin exhibits a superior efficacy to amisulpride in improving general psychopathological symptoms， cognitive and social functioning， while both agents show comparable safety profiles. （www.chictr.org.cn number： ChiCTR2400094222）

Objective:There are a variety of minimally invasive interventional treatments for trigeminal neuralgia,and the efficacy evaluation is different.The preferred treatment scheme is still controversial.This study aims to investigate the differences in treatment effects between patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia(PTN)treated with percutaneous balloon compression(PBC)for the first intervention and patients with pain recurrence after radiofrequency thermocoagulation(RT)who then received PBC for PTN,and to offer clinicians and patients more scientifically grounded and precise treatment alternatives. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 103 patients with PTN admitted to the Department of Pain Management of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021,including 49 patients who received PBC for the first time(PBC group)and 54 patients who received PBC for pain recurrence after RT(RT+PBC group).General information,preoperative pain score,intraoperative oval foramen morphology,oval foramen area,balloon volume,duration of compression,and postoperative pain scores and pain recurrence at each time point on day 1(T1),day 7(T2),day 14(T3),1 month(T4),3 months(T5),and 1 year(T6)were collected and recorded for both groups.The differences in treatment effect,complications and recurrence between the 2 groups were compared,and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Results:The differences of general information,preoperative pain scores,foramen ovale morphology,foramen ovale area,T1 to T3 pain scores between the 2 groups were not statistically different(all P>0.05).The balloon filling volume in the PBC group was smaller than that in the RT+PBC group,the pain scores at T4 to T6 and pain recurrence were better than those in the RT+PBC group(all P<0.05).Pain recurrence was positively correlated with pain scores of T2 to T6(r=0.306,0.482,0.831,0.876,0.887,respectively;all P<0.01). Conclusion:The choice of PBC for the first intervention in PTN patients is superior to the choice of PBC after pain recurrence after RT treatment in terms of treatment outcome and pain recurrence.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder. Although it does not pose a threat to life, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients. RLS pathogenesis is still unclear, and its incidence is associated with a variety of risk factors, including genetic factors and non-genetic factors. Genetic factors involve more than 20 risk genes, such as meis homeobox 1 ( MEIS1), BTB domain containing 9 ( BTBD9), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 ( MAP2K5), and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Db ( PTPRD). Non-genetic factors include regional age, gender, obesity, medical related diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases and drugs. This paper reviews the recent advance in risk factors and related pathogenesis of RLS to provide references for early prevention and treatment of the disease.