Objective:To evaluate the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality.Methods:A total of 61 421 fall-related mortality from 2013 to 2022 in 7 provinces of China were included in a time-stratified case-crossover design, with daily meteorological data derived from the fifth generation European Reanalysis dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression chimeric distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality and stratified analysis was conducted according to gender and age.Results:Heatwaves were associated with an increased risk of fall-related morality. The risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves was higher than during non-heatwave periods ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18). The attributable fraction of fall-related motality due to heatwaves was 10.25% (95% CI: 4.49%-15.36%). For each 1 ℃ increase above the heatwave threshold, the risk of fall-related mortality increased by 34% ( OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.76). The effect of heatwave duration on fall-related mortality was not statistically significant. Stratified analyses indicated that women experienced a higher risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves ( OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22) compared to man ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17). Conclusions:Heatwave increases the risk of fall-related mortality, and the intensity of heatwaves modify this risk. Women are vulnerable populations.

Objective:To assess the association between temperature and risk of animal injury, and identifying vulnerable populations.Methods:Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, the number of animal injuries monitored in hospitals of Guangdong Provincial Injury Surveillance System in 2011 and 2015-2016 was included, and the daily meteorological data were derived from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis-Land, which was produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model was applied to analyze the association of temperature and animal-specific injuries. We also conducted stratified analysis by region, sex, age, occupation, and location of injury occurrence.Results:There was an almost linear relationship between temperature and the occurrence of animal injury. The excess risk ( ER) of animal injury was 2.65% (95% CI: 2.27%-3.04%) for a 1 ℃ rise in temperature with much higher risk of occurrence ( ER=9.34%, 95% CI: 7.57%-11.13%) for non-mammalian injury than that for mammalian injuries ( ER=2.30%, 95% CI: 1.90%-2.70%). Stratified analysis revealed that the occurrence of animal injury was more susceptible to temperature influences in urban ( ER=2.78%, 95% CI: 2.35%-3.21%), female ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.16%-3.27%), the elderly aged 60 years and above ( ER=3.05%, 95% CI: 1.65%- 4.47%), farmer ( ER=4.66%, 95% CI: 3.03%-6.32%) and agricultural area ( ER=10.63%, 95% CI: 7.57%-13.79%) than their correspondents. In terms of mammalian injury, dog bites showed the highest risk ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.12%-3.30%). In terms of non-mammalian,snake injuries were highly influenced by temperature ( ER=16.74%, 95% CI: 11.33%-22.40%). Conclusions:The ambient temperature rises could increase the risk of animal injury with much higher risk for non-mammalian than that for mammalian injuries. Our findings suggest that global warming may increase the risk and disease burden from animal injuries.

Objective:To evaluate the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality.Methods:A total of 61 421 fall-related mortality from 2013 to 2022 in 7 provinces of China were included in a time-stratified case-crossover design, with daily meteorological data derived from the fifth generation European Reanalysis dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression chimeric distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality and stratified analysis was conducted according to gender and age.Results:Heatwaves were associated with an increased risk of fall-related morality. The risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves was higher than during non-heatwave periods ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18). The attributable fraction of fall-related motality due to heatwaves was 10.25% (95% CI: 4.49%-15.36%). For each 1 ℃ increase above the heatwave threshold, the risk of fall-related mortality increased by 34% ( OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.76). The effect of heatwave duration on fall-related mortality was not statistically significant. Stratified analyses indicated that women experienced a higher risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves ( OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22) compared to man ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17). Conclusions:Heatwave increases the risk of fall-related mortality, and the intensity of heatwaves modify this risk. Women are vulnerable populations.

Objective:To assess the association between temperature and risk of animal injury, and identifying vulnerable populations.Methods:Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, the number of animal injuries monitored in hospitals of Guangdong Provincial Injury Surveillance System in 2011 and 2015-2016 was included, and the daily meteorological data were derived from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis-Land, which was produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model was applied to analyze the association of temperature and animal-specific injuries. We also conducted stratified analysis by region, sex, age, occupation, and location of injury occurrence.Results:There was an almost linear relationship between temperature and the occurrence of animal injury. The excess risk ( ER) of animal injury was 2.65% (95% CI: 2.27%-3.04%) for a 1 ℃ rise in temperature with much higher risk of occurrence ( ER=9.34%, 95% CI: 7.57%-11.13%) for non-mammalian injury than that for mammalian injuries ( ER=2.30%, 95% CI: 1.90%-2.70%). Stratified analysis revealed that the occurrence of animal injury was more susceptible to temperature influences in urban ( ER=2.78%, 95% CI: 2.35%-3.21%), female ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.16%-3.27%), the elderly aged 60 years and above ( ER=3.05%, 95% CI: 1.65%- 4.47%), farmer ( ER=4.66%, 95% CI: 3.03%-6.32%) and agricultural area ( ER=10.63%, 95% CI: 7.57%-13.79%) than their correspondents. In terms of mammalian injury, dog bites showed the highest risk ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.12%-3.30%). In terms of non-mammalian,snake injuries were highly influenced by temperature ( ER=16.74%, 95% CI: 11.33%-22.40%). Conclusions:The ambient temperature rises could increase the risk of animal injury with much higher risk for non-mammalian than that for mammalian injuries. Our findings suggest that global warming may increase the risk and disease burden from animal injuries.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism Baitouweng Decoction on mice with vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC)based on phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)pathway.METHODS Female SPF-grade Kunming mice were injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate and vaginally inoculated with Candida albicans suspension to establish a VVC mouse model.The mice with successful modeling were randomly divided into model group,high-,me-dium-,and low-dose Baitouweng Decoction groups(23.4,11.7,and 5.85 g·kg-1),and fluconazole group(0.02 g·kg-1),with 20 mice in each group.Another 20 mice were injected with estradiol benzoate as control group.Treatment started the day after success-ful model establishment and continued for 14 days.Two hours after the last administration,the number of neutrophils in vaginal lavage fluid was examined with Papanicolaou stain.The HE staining method was used to observe the morphology of vaginal tissue.ELISA was used to measure the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleo-tide phosphate oxidase 2(NOX2),reactive oxygen species(ROS),su-peroxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)in the vaginal tissues.The mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT and HIF-1α were detected using qPCR.Western blot was employed to evaluate the protein expression of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,and HIF-1α in vaginal tissue.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the model group exhibited a significant increase in neutrophils in va-ginal lavage fluid(P<0.001);the vaginal mucosal layer was severely desquamated and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated.Additionally,there was an elevation in NOX2,ROS,and MDA levels in vaginal tissue(P<0.001),while SOD content decreased(P<0.001).Furthermore,the mRNA expression of PI3K,AKT and HIF-1α was reduced along with decreased protein ex-pression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,and HIF-1α(P<0.001).In comparison to the model group,both high-dose and medi-um-dose groups treated with Baitouweng Decoction demonstrated a significant decrease in neutrophil count in lavage fluid(P<0.01,P<0.001);the condition of the vaginal mucosa improved to varying degrees.Moreover,the levels of ROS and MDA in vaginal tissue were reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),the activity of NOX2 was decreased(P<0.01,P<0.001),and the activity of SOD was increased(P<0.01,P<0.001).The high-dose group showed that,the mRNA expression of PI3K,AKT,and HIF-1α in vaginal tissue was increased(P<0.001),the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT,and the protein expression of HIF-1α were increased(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Baitouweng Decoction has a therapeutic effect on VVC,and its mechanism of action may be related to the PI3K/AKT-HIF-1α signal pathway.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies in many parts of the world and also the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide.At present,the commonly used clinical screening methods for prostate cancer are serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA)and transrectal ultrasound guided puncture biopsy.However,the above two diagnostic methods have some related problems such as over-diagnosis caused by false negative and false positive.Metabolomics is an important component of systems biol-ogy,which recognizes minor changes in certain molecular metabolites during tumorigenesis and development.This article reviewed how to use the method of metabolomics to find the metabolites of the three major sub-stances in the patients with prostate cancer and the changes of related metabolic pathways to provide the new ideas for the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a 6-month Ba Duan Jin exercise program in improving the balance of community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A two arms, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1 028 community residents aged 60-80 years in 40 communities in 5 provinces of China. Participants in the intervention group (20 communities, 523 people) received Ba Duan Jin exercise 5 days/week, 1 hour/day for 6 months, and three times of falls prevention health education, and the control group (20 communities, 505 people) received falls prevention health education same as the intervention group. The Berg balance scale (BBS) score was the leading outcome indicator, and the secondary outcome indicators included the length of time of standing on one foot (with eyes open and closed), standing in a tandem stance (with eyes open and closed), the closed circle test, and the timed up to test.Results:A total of 1 028 participants were included in the final analysis, including 731 women (71.11%) and 297 men (28.89%), and the age was (69.87±5.67) years. After the 3-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 3.05 (95% CI: 2.23-3.88) points ( P<0.001). After the 6-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 4.70 (95% CI: 4.03-5.37) points ( P<0.001). Ba Duan Jin showed significant improvement ( P<0.05) in all secondary outcomes after 6 months of exercise in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusions:This study showed that Ba Duan Jin exercise can improve balance in community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80. The longer the exercise time, the better the improvement.

Objective:To explore the changes in early postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength following the implementation of the new labor process.Methods:This retrospective cohort study selected 1 834 primiparous women with singleton, full-term pregnancies who delivered at Peking University First Hospital from February 2011 to March 2016 and had a pelvic floor re-examination 6-8 weeks postpartum. Out of these, 738 cases who followed the old labor process before 2014 were categorized as the old process group, and 1 096 cases who followed the new labor process after 2014 were categorized as the new process group. Basic data, childbirth information, and postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength of the two groups were compared. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and ordered multicategory logistic regression to assess the impact of the new and old labor process and other factors on pelvic floor muscle strength. Results:The total duration of labor, as well as the duration of the first, second, and third stages of labor, were longer in the new process group than in the old process group [549.0 min (360.0-768.0 min) vs. 482.5 min (328.0-635.0 min), 465.0 min (297.5-672.5 min) vs. 420.0 min (285.0-555.0 min), 42.0 min (24.0-74.0 min) vs. 27.0 min (18.0-45.0 min), with Z-value of－5.72,－3.95, and－9.28, all P<0.05). The rates of vaginal delivery and labor analgesia were higher in the new process group [72.1% (790/1 096) vs. 67.2% (496/738), χ2=7.41; 67.4% (739/1 096) vs. 53.4% (394/738), χ2=36.82; both P<0.05]. There were no statistically significant differences in the comparison of Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ muscle strength grades between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:There was no significant decline in early postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength following the implementation of the new labor process standards.

Background In recent years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing significantly in China. Some studies have found that temperature is related to single metabolic index, but there is a lack of research on associated mechanism and identifying path of the influence of temperature on MS. Objective Based on the data of Guangdong Province, to investigate the effect of temperature on MS and its pathway. Methods A total of 8524 residents were enrolled by multi-stage random sampling from October 2015 to January 2016 in Guangdong. Basic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, health status, and physical activity level were obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations, and meteorological data were obtained from meteorological monitoring sites. We matched individual data both with the temperature data of the physical examination day and of a lag of 14 d. A generalized additive model was used to explore the exposure-effect relationship between temperature and MS and its indexes, calculate effect values, and explore the effects of single-day lag temperature. Based on the literature and the results of generalized additive model analysis, a path analysis was conducted to explore the pathways of temperature influencing MS. Results The association between daily average temperature on the current day or lag 14 day and MS risk was not statistically significant. When daily average temperature increased by 1 ℃, the change values of fasting blood-glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were −0.033 (95%CI: −0.040-−0.026) mmol·L⁻¹, −0.662 (95%CI: −0.741-−0.583) mmHg, −0.277 (95%CI: −0.323-−0.230) mmHg, and −0.005 (95%CI: −0.007-−0.004) mmol·L⁻¹ respectively. The effects of average daily temperature on FBG, blood pressure, HDL-C, and waist circumference lasted until lag 14 day. The effects of daily average temperature on SBP and DBP were the largest on the current day. Daily average temperature of current day had direct and indirect effects on FBG and SBP. Temperature had an indirect effect on TG, and the intermediate variables were waist circumference and FBG, with an indirect effect value of −0.011 (95%CI: −0.020-−0.002). The indirect effects of daily average temperature on SBP, FBG, and TG were weak. Conclusion There is no significant correlation between temperature and risk of MS, and daily average temperature of current day could significantly affected blood pressure and FBG with a lag effect. Daily average temperature of current day has indirect effects on FBG and TG.

Objective To study inhibition of litsea cubeba oil on biofilm initial formation stage of Candida albicans ,in order to provide new sight for prevention and treatment of refractory infections arising from Candida albicans biofilm .Methods Observe the inhibition effect of different concentrations litsea cubeba oil on yeast budding by serum germ tube experiments .Results 2 -5μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could thoroughly inhibit budding growth of Candida albicans ,but haven′t antiseptic effect ,the inhibition rate of 0 .25 μL/mL litsea cubeba oil on Candida albicans germ was 85 .0% .Conclusion 2-5μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could completely inhibit the budding growth of Candida albicans ,but have no antiseptic effect .0 .25 μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could hardly inhibit the growth of buds .