Chemotherapy based on cisplatin or its combination therapy is a common cancer treatment method. However， the non-specific side effects of cisplatin， poor pharmacokinetic properties of small molecule drugs， and susceptibility to drug resistance greatly limit the clinical application of cisplatin as first-line anti-tumor drug. With the development of nanocarrier technology， liposomes have become an ideal carrier for delivering cisplatin drugs due to their excellent properties of targeting， reducing toxicity， and enhancing efficacy. This paper reviews the status of cisplatin liposome both domestically and internationally which have entered clinical trials， including L-NDDP，SPI-077®， Lipoplatin®，LiPlaCis，SLIT and ILC， etc. Currently， only Lipoplatin® and ILC are showing good potential in cancer therapy. Although cisplatin liposome has made some progress in reducing systemic toxicity and improving treatment efficiency in clinical research， there is still potential for further improvement in tumor targeting and reducing side effects. In the future， more low-toxicity and efficient cisplatin liposomes can be developed through formulation technologies such as co-delivery liposome， stimuli-responsive liposome and targeting liposome.

Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs (Eff-iEC) has emerged. This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), including Biejiajian Pill (BP), Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP), Biejia Ruangan Compound (BRC), Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FHC), Anluo Huaxian Pill (AHP), and Heluo Shugan Capsule (HSC), using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents. Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system, while the assessments for others varied. Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs, exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities. By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation, Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs, providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making, new drug evaluations, and health policy formulation.

Objective To observe the expression and trends of tight junction proteins Occludin and zonula occlu-den-1(ZO-1)in blood-brain barrier(BBB)of rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI),and to explore the interven-tion effect of cannabidiol(CBD)on the BBB.Methods The TBI model of rat was prepared by modified"Feeney free fall method"and randomly divided into three groups:the sham-operated group(Sham group),the model group(TBI+vehicle group)and the CBD intervention group(TBI+CBD group),with 24 rats in each group.Each group was subdivided into six time points:8 h,1,2,3,5 and 7 d after injury.The expression of Occludin and ZO-1,which are closely related to the permeability of BBB,was detected by immunohistochemistry,immuno-fluorescence staining and Western blot at different points.The permeability of BBB was detected by sodium fluores-cein assay.Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with Sham group,the positive ex-pression of Occludin and ZO-1 decreased with time after brain trauma(P<0.05),and both reached the lowest level at 2 d.The expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 were up-regulated after 1 d of CBD intervention(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining showed a similar trend to Western blot results,with Occludin and ZO-1 fluo-rescence expression intensity and protein expression reduced after TBI compared with Sham group(P<0.05).And the expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 were up-regulated after 2 d of CBD intervention(P<0.05).The results of fluorescein sodium experiment showed that the BBB integrity of brain tissue was destroyed after TBI,and the permeability increased after TBI(P<0.01).The permeability of BBB decreased after CBD intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 decreases after TBI,and the permeability of BBB is disrupted,and CBD intervention reverses the disruption of the BBB by TBI.

Unlike adult mammalian heart, zebrafish heart has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury. Previous study has shown Notch signaling activation in the endocardium is essential for regeneration of the myocardium and this activation is mediated by hemodynamic alteration after injury, however, the molecular mechanism has not been fully explored. In this study we demonstrated that blood flow change could be perceived and transmitted in a primary cilia dependent manner to control the hemodynamic responsive klf2 gene expression and subsequent activation of Notch signaling in the endocardium. First we showed that both homologues of human gene KLF2 in zebrafish, klf2a and klf2b, could respond to hemodynamic alteration and both were required for Notch signaling activation and heart regeneration. Further experiments indicated that the upregulation of klf2 gene expression was mediated by endocardial primary cilia. Overall, our findings reveal a novel aspect of mechanical shear stress signal in activating Notch pathway and regulating cardiac regeneration.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the parallel multiple mediators of depressive symptoms and sleep quality in the relations between stress and physical health-related quality of life (PHQOL)/mental health-related quality of life (MHQOL) among the women in late pregnancy. METHODS: Of 1120 pregnant women participated in the cross-sectional study which consisted of Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and MOS 12-item Short Form Health Survey. Parallel multiple mediator models were used to analyze the relations between stress, depressive symptoms, sleep quality and PHQOL/MHQOL. RESULTS: The effect of perceived stress on PHQOL was partially through the indirect path of sleep quality (β=-0.061). But in the model for MHQOL, depressive symptoms and sleep quality played parallel mediators, and the indirect path effect of depressive symptoms (β=-0.179) was higher than sleep quality (β=-0.029). CONCLUSION: The findings contributed to the understanding about the influential mechanism of stress on PHQOL/MHQOL. And it reminded the importance of sleep quality and depressive symptoms for improving QOL in late pregnancy.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Quality of Life

The accelerating growth of the public microbial genomic data imposes substantial bur-den on the research community that uses such resources. Building databases for non-redundant ref-erence sequences from massive microbial genomic data based on clustering analysis is essential. However, existing clustering algorithms perform poorly on long genomic sequences. In this article, we present Gclust, a parallel program for clustering complete or draft genomic sequences, where clustering is accelerated with a novel parallelization strategy and a fast sequence comparison algo-rithm using sparse suffix arrays (SSAs). Moreover, genome identity measures between two sequences are calculated based on their maximal exact matches (MEMs). In this paper, we demon-strate the high speed and clustering quality of Gclust by examining four genome sequence datasets. Gclust is freely available for non-commercial use at https://github.com/niu-lab/gclust. We also introduce a web server for clustering user-uploaded genomes at http://niulab.scgrid.cn/gclust.

Objective: To explore the utility of circulating tumor DNA detection in early breast cancer by using next-generation sequencing. Methods: This exploratory study of circulating tumor DNA detection is for early invasive breast cancer patients treated in Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital from December 2015 to July 2016. Plasma samples were collected and were used to isolate plasma cell-free DNA.Exons or hotspots of 247 cancer related genes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Mutations and their correlation with clinic-pathological factors were analyzed. The correlation between mutations and clinic-pathological factors was evaluated by χ² test or Fisher′s exact test. Results: Seventy-five patients were enrolled in this study. All patients were female and aged from 31 to 88 years with median age of 58 years. All patients′ clinic-pathological records were complete. Sixty-four mutations in 18 genes (ALK, BCR, ERBB2, ROS1, PDGFRA, EGFR, FGFR2, CYP1B1, CALR, CASP7, BRAF, FGFR1, FGFR3, MET, NRAS, PTEN, KIT, SOD2) were detected in 47 (62.7%) among all 75 patients.Exons were captured in 10 genes, and mutations in 2 of 3 genes analyzed were clustered. Gene mutations were not correlated with menopausal status, histological type, primary tumor (T), regional lymph nodes (N), TNM stage, histological grade, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, Ki-67 and molecular subtype (all P>0.05). Conclusion Circulating tumor DNA sequencing by next-generation sequencing was useful for detecting breast cancer-related mutations.

Objective: To investigate and compare the advantages of surgical treatment of ingrown toenail with the traditional Winograd method. Methods: From Aug. 2013 to Jun. 2015, 77 cases (89 toes) with 15-58 years were involved in the study. 37 cases (42 toes) were treated with Winograd method and other 40 cases (47 toes) were treated with a method using lateral incision without cutting the nail fold. The time of returning to normal activities, infection rate, recurrence rate, pain VAS score and shape satisfaction VAS score were evaluated to display the aesthetic and functional result of the both methods. Results: All patients were followed up with an average of 8.6 months. The patients treated with the novel method returned to normal activities after (5.3±0.5) d post-surgery, which was much shorter than that (7.3±0.6) d in patients with the Winograd method (P<0.05). And the infection rate in the lateral incision group was also lower than that in the Winograd method group (P<0.05). At 3 days post-surgery, the pain VAS score in Winograd method group was higher (P<0.05), but the difference of pain VAS score disappeared after 1 and 6 months post-surgery (P>0.05). The shape satisfaction VAS score were 9.2±0.6 in the lateral incision group and 7.1±0.7 in the Winograd group, showing significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The lateral incision method without incising the nail fold reserves the nail groove and brings faster recovery to normal activities with less pain, lower infection rate and more satisfactory toenail shape.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare ethacridine lactate solution and to evaluate its quality.METHODS: The solution was prepared with ethacridine lactate as principal components and sterilized by steam sterilization.HPLC method was used for the determination of ethacridine.Calesil ODS column was used with mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-0.05% sodium laurysulfonate (pH=3.0,20 ∶ 20 ∶ 60) at detection wavelength of 270 nm.The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and injection volume was 10 ?L.The effect of sterilization on the content of preparation was determined.RESULTS: The preparation assumed as yellow transparent solution.The linear range of ethacridine was 5～50 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 101.47% (RSD=1.32%,n=9).The content of ethacridine in the solution was not changed after sterilization.CONCLUSION: The quality of prepared ethacridine lactate solution is up to the standard.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of minimally invasive treatment in 520 patients with intracranial aneurysms on a retrospective study.

METHODSThe measures used in the treatment of 520 patients were reviewed in terms of timing of surgery, induced-hypotensive anesthesia, brain protection combined with temporal occlusion of the feeding artery, external drainage of CSF, dynamic monitoring of intracranial pressure, blood flow velocity, serum osmolality and CT scanning, anti-vasospasm therapy as well as selected interventional endovascular embolization of aneurysms.

RESULTSOf the 520 patients, 485 were treated with either direct clipping or endovascular embolization and 35 patients were treated non-surgically. In 449 patients undergoing direct clipping and 36 undergoing endovascular embolization, intraoperative rupture of aneurysm occurred in 27 (6.0%) and 0%, respectively. Death occurred in 13 (2.6%), hemiplegia in 8 (1.6%), and vegetative state in 2 (0.4%). The operative mortality of direct clipping was 3.8% in 210 patients before 1990 and 1.8% in 275 patients after 1990 (36 patients undergoing endovascular embolization, the operative mortality was 0%).

CONCLUSIONThe outcome of patients with intacranial aneurysms can be markedly improved and the operative mortality can be lowered by minimally invasive treatment.

Adult ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; mortality ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; mortality ; surgery ; Intraoperative Complications ; mortality ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome