Small splint external fixation,due to its advantages of low cost,good breathability,easy adjustability,and sufficient flexibility,has been widely used in clinical practice for fracture patients after manual reduction.Compared to plaster external fixation,small splint fixation is associated with fewer cases of pressure ulcers,but the ulcers still occur clinically.This article analyzes the causes of splint-associated pressure ulcers in fracture patients,and introduced the preventive measures and practice experience of Foshan traumatology and bone-setting practitioners in managing such complications.Their preventive strategies include the gentle and bone-following manipulations of pushing skin and squeezing bone,proper shaping of splints,use of soft cotton padding,appropriate tightness in bandage wrapping,and elevation of the affected limb to promote venous return.For patients suffering pressure ulcers,the external application of traumatic medicated yellow oil gauze combined with medicated yellow water gauze for wet compress has shown efficacy.These approaches provide valuable clinical references for reducing the incidence of splint-related pressure ulcers and for guiding the management of pressure ulcers.

OBJECTIVE： To separate and identify chemical components in ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction from Tripterygium wilfordii， and to provider basis for further pharmacological study. METHODS： The ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction from T. wilfordii were separated and purified by MCI GEL-CHP 20P column chromatography， C18 RP silica gel column chromatography， Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and HPLC. The structures of compounds were analyzed and identified by 1H-NMR， 13C-NMR and physicochemical properties. RESULTS： Two compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of T. wilfordii， namely orthosphenic acid （compound 1）， dibutylphthalate （compound 2）. Eight glucosides were isolated from water extract of T. wilfordii， namely 2，6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside （compound 3）， 2，6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucoside（compound 4）， 4-hydroxy-1-（2-hydroxyethyl）-phenyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 5）， 3，4-dimethoxy-phenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 6），β-adenosine （compound 7）， ligustrin （compound 8）， epicatechin-8-C-β-D-galactoside （compound 9） and 2-hydroxynaringenin-7-O-β-glucoside （compound 10）. CONCLUSIONS： Chemical components of ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction are separated and identified from T. wilfordii.