Objective:To determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the grasslands of North China and to analyze its associated risk factors.Methods:In this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method was used to select children under 14 years old by multi-stage, stratified and random cluster sampling in the grassland ecological area of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, China from May to July 2018. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to gather food allergy-related information from the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with self-reported food allergy.Results:A total of 2 086 children completed the survey. The prevalence of self-reported food allergies was 22.0%(459/2 086). The prevalence of multiple food allergies (≥3 types) was 3.1%(64/2 086) versus 16.3% (341/2 086) for a single food allergy among all children. Mango allergy (6.1%, 127/2 086) was the most common, followed by peach allergy (4.1%, 85/2 086). Children who reported food allergies had a significantly higher prevalence of all 4 atopic disorders (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis than those without food allergies(35.73% vs. 20.65%, 5.88% vs. 2.77%, 17.86% vs. 7.38%, 16.78% vs. 10.45%, χ2 =44.663 1, 10.434 3, 45.038 3, 13.728 4, all P<0.001).Significantly associated risk factors of food allergy were found to be pollen allergy ( OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.80-2.92) and drug allergy ( OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12-2.09). Conclusions:The prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the Zhangbei County area of the North China Grassland was relatively high. Pollen allergy and drug allergy are major risk factors.

Objective:To analyze inpatients preferences for an unaccompanied ward and its influencing factors, for references for the implementation of unaccompanied ward management.Methods:Based on a convergent mixed research design, a convenience sampling method was used to select inpatients who visited a tertiary hospital from June to August 2024 as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted on their willingness to choose the unaccompanied ward (provided by medical nursing staff). Meanwhile, using purposive sampling method, 10 inpatients and 11 accompanying family members were selected for semi-structured interviews about unaccompanied ward prference, and the interview topics were summarized and extracted. The results of quantitative and qualitative were compared and integrated.Results:The quantitative research results showed that among the 805 inpatients included, 125 patients (13.03%) chose medical caregivers, 382 patients (39.83%) chose their spouses, and 272 patients (28.36%) chose their children; 411 patients (24.54%) did not choose medical caregivers due to financial burden; 509 patients (63.23%) believed that the cost of an unaccompanied ward should be less than 120 yuan/day. The qualitative research results showed that the interview data formed three themes, including the driving factors of caregiving form selection intention, the emotional tendency of caregiving form selection intention, and the assessment of the benefits and drawbacks of caregiving form selection intention. The mixed research results showed that the majority of inpatients choose their spouse or children accompany them, and their willingness to choose medical caregivers is mainly influenced by service costs and family labor. However, its did not affect patients who are young or have difficulty caring for them; Influenced by traditional Chinese culture, patients tended to choose relatives to accompany them; The main reasons why patients did not choose unaccompanied wards were the economic burden and the mismatch between medical nursing staff services and their expectations.Conclusions:Inpatients tended to choose family members to accompany them. Their willingness to choose unaccompanied ward was influenced by economic burden, family labor, patient age, caregiving difficulty, and filial piety culture.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of fluoxetine on neurons in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and explore its mechanism based on the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) pathway.Methods:Seventy-five rats were randomly divided into a normal control group and a model group. The SAH model was established by the internal carotid artery puncture method in the model group. After modeling, rats were randomly divided into the model group, fluoxetine low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, and nimodipine group, with 12 rats in each group. The fluoxetine low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were intravenously injected with fluoxetine at doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, respectively; the nimodipine group was intraperitoneally injected with nimodipine at 0.2 mg/kg; the normal control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of normal saline, once a day for 7 consecutive days. The shuttle box was used to determine the number of avoidance responses and avoidance response time of rats. The water content of brain tissue and Evans blue exudation volume were calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the hippocampal tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal tissue. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of CXCR4 and NLRP1 in the hippocampal tissue. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of CXCR4, NLRP1, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1 in the hippocampal tissue.Results:Compared with the normal control group, the model group had a lower number of avoidance responses, lower levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, CXCR4 mRNA, CXCR4, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1 protein in the hippocampal tissue (all P<0.05); while the avoidance response time, brain water content, Evans blue exudation volume, levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and mRNA and protein levels of NLRP1 in the hippocampal tissue were higher (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine groups (all doses) and nimodipine group had a higher number of avoidance responses, higher levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, CXCR4 mRNA, CXCR4, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1 protein in the hippocampal tissue (all P<0.05); while the avoidance response time, brain water content, Evans blue exudation volume, levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and mRNA and protein levels of NLRP1 in the hippocampal tissue were lower (all P<0.05); moreover, the changes in various indicators were more significant with the increase of fluoxetine dose. HE staining results showed that there were no pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of the normal control group; in the model group, the number of hippocampal neurons decreased, nuclei were pycnotic, and cell arrangement was irregular. Compared with the model group, the number of hippocampal neurons increased, cell arrangement was regular, and hippocampal pathology was significantly restored in the fluoxetine groups (all doses) and nimodipine group. Conclusions:Fluoxetine can significantly alleviate the pathological progression of cerebral edema, repair neuronal damage, improve neurological function, and regulate mitochondrial autophagy in SAH rats, whose mechanism may be related to the regulation of the CXCR4/NLRP1 pathway.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the grasslands of North China and to analyze its associated risk factors.Methods:In this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method was used to select children under 14 years old by multi-stage, stratified and random cluster sampling in the grassland ecological area of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, China from May to July 2018. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to gather food allergy-related information from the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with self-reported food allergy.Results:A total of 2 086 children completed the survey. The prevalence of self-reported food allergies was 22.0%(459/2 086). The prevalence of multiple food allergies (≥3 types) was 3.1%(64/2 086) versus 16.3% (341/2 086) for a single food allergy among all children. Mango allergy (6.1%, 127/2 086) was the most common, followed by peach allergy (4.1%, 85/2 086). Children who reported food allergies had a significantly higher prevalence of all 4 atopic disorders (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis than those without food allergies(35.73% vs. 20.65%, 5.88% vs. 2.77%, 17.86% vs. 7.38%, 16.78% vs. 10.45%, χ2 =44.663 1, 10.434 3, 45.038 3, 13.728 4, all P<0.001).Significantly associated risk factors of food allergy were found to be pollen allergy ( OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.80-2.92) and drug allergy ( OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12-2.09). Conclusions:The prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the Zhangbei County area of the North China Grassland was relatively high. Pollen allergy and drug allergy are major risk factors.

The wear debris generated during artificial joint prosthesis service can react with bone tissues to form osteolysis,seriously affecting the life-time of artificial joint prostheses.This paper reviews,summarizes,and analyzes domestic and international research literature on the extraction,characterization,and identification of wear debris from different artificial joint materials,aiming to provide references and feasible ideas for the future construction of a systematic and hierarchical research system for artificial joint wear debris.The main findings are as follows:strong alkali protein degradation test,strong acid protein degradation test,and protease protein degradation test are the commonly used method for extracting artificial joint wear debris,and researchers have clarified the protein degradation mechanisms of these three debris extraction methods.The characterization of wear debris in-vitro and in-vivo is mostly for hip and knee joints,with a small amount involving cervical spine and ankle joints.Studies have shown that the size,quantity,shape,and volume of wear particles are influenced by factors such as joint type,contact area,material selection,and implantation time.Both domestic and international studies have conducted characterization research on wear debris after in-vitro simulation testing,but there is still a lack of wear debris characterization analysis of clinical retrievals in China.Currently,most research is on the recognition of wear debris in the traditional mechanical field,but research on the intelligent recognition of artificial joint wear debris is relatively few,indicating that there is a certain lag in the application of computer technology in the field of artificial joint wear debris recognition.

The wear debris generated during artificial joint prosthesis service can react with bone tissues to form osteolysis,seriously affecting the life-time of artificial joint prostheses.This paper reviews,summarizes,and analyzes domestic and international research literature on the extraction,characterization,and identification of wear debris from different artificial joint materials,aiming to provide references and feasible ideas for the future construction of a systematic and hierarchical research system for artificial joint wear debris.The main findings are as follows:strong alkali protein degradation test,strong acid protein degradation test,and protease protein degradation test are the commonly used method for extracting artificial joint wear debris,and researchers have clarified the protein degradation mechanisms of these three debris extraction methods.The characterization of wear debris in-vitro and in-vivo is mostly for hip and knee joints,with a small amount involving cervical spine and ankle joints.Studies have shown that the size,quantity,shape,and volume of wear particles are influenced by factors such as joint type,contact area,material selection,and implantation time.Both domestic and international studies have conducted characterization research on wear debris after in-vitro simulation testing,but there is still a lack of wear debris characterization analysis of clinical retrievals in China.Currently,most research is on the recognition of wear debris in the traditional mechanical field,but research on the intelligent recognition of artificial joint wear debris is relatively few,indicating that there is a certain lag in the application of computer technology in the field of artificial joint wear debris recognition.

Objective:To analyze inpatients preferences for an unaccompanied ward and its influencing factors, for references for the implementation of unaccompanied ward management.Methods:Based on a convergent mixed research design, a convenience sampling method was used to select inpatients who visited a tertiary hospital from June to August 2024 as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted on their willingness to choose the unaccompanied ward (provided by medical nursing staff). Meanwhile, using purposive sampling method, 10 inpatients and 11 accompanying family members were selected for semi-structured interviews about unaccompanied ward prference, and the interview topics were summarized and extracted. The results of quantitative and qualitative were compared and integrated.Results:The quantitative research results showed that among the 805 inpatients included, 125 patients (13.03%) chose medical caregivers, 382 patients (39.83%) chose their spouses, and 272 patients (28.36%) chose their children; 411 patients (24.54%) did not choose medical caregivers due to financial burden; 509 patients (63.23%) believed that the cost of an unaccompanied ward should be less than 120 yuan/day. The qualitative research results showed that the interview data formed three themes, including the driving factors of caregiving form selection intention, the emotional tendency of caregiving form selection intention, and the assessment of the benefits and drawbacks of caregiving form selection intention. The mixed research results showed that the majority of inpatients choose their spouse or children accompany them, and their willingness to choose medical caregivers is mainly influenced by service costs and family labor. However, its did not affect patients who are young or have difficulty caring for them; Influenced by traditional Chinese culture, patients tended to choose relatives to accompany them; The main reasons why patients did not choose unaccompanied wards were the economic burden and the mismatch between medical nursing staff services and their expectations.Conclusions:Inpatients tended to choose family members to accompany them. Their willingness to choose unaccompanied ward was influenced by economic burden, family labor, patient age, caregiving difficulty, and filial piety culture.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of fluoxetine on neurons in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and explore its mechanism based on the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) pathway.Methods:Seventy-five rats were randomly divided into a normal control group and a model group. The SAH model was established by the internal carotid artery puncture method in the model group. After modeling, rats were randomly divided into the model group, fluoxetine low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, and nimodipine group, with 12 rats in each group. The fluoxetine low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were intravenously injected with fluoxetine at doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, respectively; the nimodipine group was intraperitoneally injected with nimodipine at 0.2 mg/kg; the normal control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of normal saline, once a day for 7 consecutive days. The shuttle box was used to determine the number of avoidance responses and avoidance response time of rats. The water content of brain tissue and Evans blue exudation volume were calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the hippocampal tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal tissue. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of CXCR4 and NLRP1 in the hippocampal tissue. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of CXCR4, NLRP1, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1 in the hippocampal tissue.Results:Compared with the normal control group, the model group had a lower number of avoidance responses, lower levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, CXCR4 mRNA, CXCR4, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1 protein in the hippocampal tissue (all P<0.05); while the avoidance response time, brain water content, Evans blue exudation volume, levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and mRNA and protein levels of NLRP1 in the hippocampal tissue were higher (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the fluoxetine groups (all doses) and nimodipine group had a higher number of avoidance responses, higher levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, CXCR4 mRNA, CXCR4, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1 protein in the hippocampal tissue (all P<0.05); while the avoidance response time, brain water content, Evans blue exudation volume, levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and mRNA and protein levels of NLRP1 in the hippocampal tissue were lower (all P<0.05); moreover, the changes in various indicators were more significant with the increase of fluoxetine dose. HE staining results showed that there were no pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of the normal control group; in the model group, the number of hippocampal neurons decreased, nuclei were pycnotic, and cell arrangement was irregular. Compared with the model group, the number of hippocampal neurons increased, cell arrangement was regular, and hippocampal pathology was significantly restored in the fluoxetine groups (all doses) and nimodipine group. Conclusions:Fluoxetine can significantly alleviate the pathological progression of cerebral edema, repair neuronal damage, improve neurological function, and regulate mitochondrial autophagy in SAH rats, whose mechanism may be related to the regulation of the CXCR4/NLRP1 pathway.

DNMT3A encodes a DNA methyltransferase involved in development, cell differentiation, and gene transcription, which is mutated and aberrant-expressed in cancers. Here, we revealed that loss of DNMT3A promotes malignant phenotypes in lung cancer. Based on the epigenetic inhibitor library synthetic lethal screening, we found that small-molecule HDAC6 inhibitors selectively killed DNMT3A-defective NSCLC cells. Knockdown of HDAC6 by siRNAs reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis in DNMT3A-defective NSCLC cells. However, sensitive cells became resistant when DNMT3A was rescued. Furthermore, the selectivity to HDAC6 inhibition was recapitulated in mice, where an HDAC6 inhibitor retarded tumor growth established from DNMT3A-defective but not DNMT3A parental NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, DNMT3A loss resulted in the upregulation of HDAC6 through decreasing its promoter CpG methylation and enhancing transcription factor RUNX1 binding. Notably, our results indicated that HIF-1 pathway was activated in DNMT3A-defective cells whereas inactivated by HDAC6 inhibition. Knockout of HIF-1 contributed to the elimination of synthetic lethality between DNMT3A and HDAC6. Interestingly, HIF-1 pathway inhibitors could mimic the selective efficacy of HDAC6 inhibition in DNMT3A-defective cells. These results demonstrated HDAC6 as a HIF-1-dependent vulnerability of DNMT3A-defective cancers. Together, our findings identify HDAC6 as a potential HIF-1-dependent therapeutic target for the treatment of DNMT3A-defective cancers like NSCLC.

Gaucher Disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by high heterogeneity. This study aimed to further understand the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in GD patients through a retrospective analysis of 20 cases in Shanxi Bethune Hospital, including their clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, enzyme studies, and genetic results. Among the 20 GD patients, 16 were classified as Type Ⅰ GD with a median age of diagnosis of 24 years, and 4 were classified as Type Ⅲ GD with a median age of diagnosis of 19 years. All patients exhibited splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, with 16 patients showing skeletal imaging changes, and 5 of them presenting with bone pain symptoms. Genetic analysis revealed 15 distinct mutations, predominantly missense mutations, with L483P being the most prevalent (35.7%), followed by V414L, L303I, and F252I. Mutation sites were predominantly located in exon 7. Noteworthy findings included the first report of the S310G mutation by our research group and the first occurrence of the K196R mutation in the Chinese population. Additionally, the N227S mutation was implicated in a potential association with neuropathy. Despite advancements, Uncertainties still exist in the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in GD patients.