Objective To explore the effect of exercise preconditioning on inflammatory response in ischemic stroke brain tissue which mediated by miR-146a in extracellular vesicles in rats with middle cerebral artery oc-clusion(MCAO),and its mechanism.Methods Sixty 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divid-ed into a non-exercise group and an exercise group.The non-exercise group was further divided into a sham-operation control group(C,n=15)and an MCAO model group(M,n=15),while the exercise group was further di-vided into an exercise only group(E,n=15)and an exercise plus MCAO model group(EM,n=15).Rats in the E and EM groups underwent 8 weeks of treadmill exercise,6 days per week,30 minutes per day.Then rats in the M and EM groups received MCAO to induce ischemic stroke,while the C and E groups underwent a sham surgery.Twenty-four hours after the surgery,neurobehavioral tests were performed.Plasma was collected to ex-tract extracellular vesicles,and brain tissue was collected to measure the volume of cerebral infarction by using the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.Moreover,the Nissl staining was conducted to observe neuronal and Nissl body.Mean while,the content of miR-146a in plasma extracellular vesicles and brain tissue was mea-sured by using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and the expression of TNF receptor associat-ed factor 6(TRAF6),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in brain tissues were determined using Western blotting.The targeting relationship between miR-146a and TRAF6 was detected by using the dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results(1)The neurological behavioral scores of the EM and M groups were higher than those of the C group(P<0.01 and P<0.01),with that of the EM group lower than the M group(P<0.01).(2)TTC staining showed that the infarct volume of the EM and M groups was larger than that of the other two groups(P<0.01 and P<0.01),with that of the EM group smaller than the M group(P<0.01).(3)Nissl staining results showed that the neuronal arrangement was loose,the number of neurons re-duced,and the Nissl bodies were lightly stained and decreased in the M group compared with the C and E groups.Moreover,compared with the M group,the number of neurons and Nissl bodies increased in the EM group.(4)The qPCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-146a in the plasma-derived exosomes and brain tissues of the EM and M groups decreased compared with the C group(P<0.05 and P<0.01),with that of the EM group higher than the M group(P<0.05).(5)According to Western blotting,compared with the C group,the expression levels of TRAF6,NF-κB,and TNF-α proteins increased significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01),with that of group EM signfiicantly lower than group M(P<0.05 and P<0.05).(6)Dual-luciferase report-er gene assay showed that miR-146a had a specific binding site with TRAF6.Conclusion Eight weeks of exer-cise preconditioning reduces the infarct area and the extent of brain damage,which may be mediated by miR-146a via exosomes,increasing the expression of miR-146a in brain tissue,targeting TRAF6,negatively regulat-ing TRAF6/NF-κB,and reducing the expression of TNF-α,thus alleviating the inflammatory response in brain tissue and exerting a protective effect on ischemic brain injury.

Objective:This study aims to analyze the structural characteristics and fibrous structural integrity of the white matter of the brain and their relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with first-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:Thirty-eight patients with OCD (OCD group) and 35 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls (control group) were included. The brain white matter volume was measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. The tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD), were applied to measure the structural integrity of white matter fibres. The independent samples t-test was used to compare FA, MD, and AD values in differential brain areas between the 2 groups. The clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Scale for Children. Pearson′s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the severity of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the white matter volume of the brain and the FA, MD, and AD values of the significantly different brain areas in the OCD group. Results:Compared to the control group, the OCD group had lower white matter volumes in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left parietal gyrus, and left limbic lobe ( t=-3.67, -4.21, -3.58, -3.70, -4.34, all P<0.01); had higher FA, MD, and AD values in the left corticospinal tract, left superior longitudinal tract; had higher MD and AD values in the right corticospinal tract, right and left anterior thalamic radiations, right and left inferior fronto-occipital gyrus, and left inferior longitudinal gyrus; had higher FA, MD, and AD values in the occipital and frontal part of the corpus callosum radiation; had a lower FA value in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation, left and right inferior frontal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, left and right inferior longitudinal gyrus, and right superior longitudinal gyrus (temporal); and had a lower AD value in the left hook gyrus and right superior longitudinal gyrus. In the OCD group, the Pearson′s correlation analysis showed that the white matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the obsessive-compulsive thinking factor score ( r=-0.355, P<0.05), and the left parietal gyrus was negatively correlated with the total obsessive-compulsive score, the obsessive-compulsive thinking factor score, and the obsessive-compulsive behavior factor score ( r=-0.361, -0.350, -0.376, all P<0.05); that the FA value in the occipital part of the corpus callosum radiation was negatively correlated with the total obsessive-compulsive score and the obsessive-compulsive behavior factor score ( r=-0.410, -0.411, both P<0.05), the MD values in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation were both negatively correlated with total compulsive scores ( r=-0.389, P<0.05; -0.489, P<0.01), the AD values in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation were both negatively correlated with total compulsive scores ( r=-0.446, -0.405, both P<0.05),the MD and AD values in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation were both negatively correlated with compulsive behavior factor scores ( r=-0.558, -0.631, -0.530, -0.539, all P<0.01), and the AD value in the left subfrontal occipital tract was negatively correlated with compulsive total score and compulsive thinking factor score ( r=-0.359, P<0.05; r=-0.499, P<0.01). Conclusion:Children and adolescents with OCD have reduced white matter volume and impaired structural integrity of white matter fibres, involving the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit and several brain regions, such as the parietal lobe, limbic lobe, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, and inferior longitudinal tract. The abnormalities in white matter structure and structural integrity of fibres are correlated with the severity of OCD symptoms.

Objective:This study aims to analyze the structural characteristics and fibrous structural integrity of the white matter of the brain and their relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with first-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:Thirty-eight patients with OCD (OCD group) and 35 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls (control group) were included. The brain white matter volume was measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. The tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD), were applied to measure the structural integrity of white matter fibres. The independent samples t-test was used to compare FA, MD, and AD values in differential brain areas between the 2 groups. The clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Scale for Children. Pearson′s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the severity of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the white matter volume of the brain and the FA, MD, and AD values of the significantly different brain areas in the OCD group. Results:Compared to the control group, the OCD group had lower white matter volumes in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left parietal gyrus, and left limbic lobe ( t=-3.67, -4.21, -3.58, -3.70, -4.34, all P<0.01); had higher FA, MD, and AD values in the left corticospinal tract, left superior longitudinal tract; had higher MD and AD values in the right corticospinal tract, right and left anterior thalamic radiations, right and left inferior fronto-occipital gyrus, and left inferior longitudinal gyrus; had higher FA, MD, and AD values in the occipital and frontal part of the corpus callosum radiation; had a lower FA value in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation, left and right inferior frontal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, left and right inferior longitudinal gyrus, and right superior longitudinal gyrus (temporal); and had a lower AD value in the left hook gyrus and right superior longitudinal gyrus. In the OCD group, the Pearson′s correlation analysis showed that the white matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the obsessive-compulsive thinking factor score ( r=-0.355, P<0.05), and the left parietal gyrus was negatively correlated with the total obsessive-compulsive score, the obsessive-compulsive thinking factor score, and the obsessive-compulsive behavior factor score ( r=-0.361, -0.350, -0.376, all P<0.05); that the FA value in the occipital part of the corpus callosum radiation was negatively correlated with the total obsessive-compulsive score and the obsessive-compulsive behavior factor score ( r=-0.410, -0.411, both P<0.05), the MD values in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation were both negatively correlated with total compulsive scores ( r=-0.389, P<0.05; -0.489, P<0.01), the AD values in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation were both negatively correlated with total compulsive scores ( r=-0.446, -0.405, both P<0.05),the MD and AD values in the left and right anterior thalamic radiation were both negatively correlated with compulsive behavior factor scores ( r=-0.558, -0.631, -0.530, -0.539, all P<0.01), and the AD value in the left subfrontal occipital tract was negatively correlated with compulsive total score and compulsive thinking factor score ( r=-0.359, P<0.05; r=-0.499, P<0.01). Conclusion:Children and adolescents with OCD have reduced white matter volume and impaired structural integrity of white matter fibres, involving the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit and several brain regions, such as the parietal lobe, limbic lobe, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, and inferior longitudinal tract. The abnormalities in white matter structure and structural integrity of fibres are correlated with the severity of OCD symptoms.

One of the applications of cDNA microarrays is to recognize the class and subclass of diseases such as cancers on the basis of statistical pattern classification methods using gene expression data. In this paper, we apply 2000 genes expression dataset provided by Affymatrix Company: 40 samples of intestine cancer tissue and 22 samples of normal tissue. We compare the performance of four pattern classification methods based on different feature selection methods. These pattern classification methods include: Fisher linear discriminate, Logit nonlinear discriminate, the least distance and K-nearest neighbor classifier. The results show firstly that four pattern classifiers based on the feature selection methods of t-test and classification tree all have better performance than those based on the stochastic feature selection methods, secondly that K-nearest neighbor classifier has the best performance, thirdly that both the least distance classifier and K-nearest neighbor classifier have better generalization, fourthly that four classifiers are less sensitive to the composition of samples.
Gene Expression ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods