Objective: To explore the related factors of college students social network addiction based on problem behavior theory, so as to provide a basis for improving social networking addiction in this population. Methods: From May to June 2023, a method combining convenient sampling and cluster random sampling was used to select 1 768 college students from five universities in Shanghai for a questionnaire survey on social networking addiction, self esteem, loneliness, depressive symptoms, social support, interpersonal needs, sense of distress and frustration; at the same time, the physical exercise, smoking and drinking of college students were investigated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association between the three systems of the problem behavior theory (personality, behavior, and social environment) and social networking addiction among college students. Results: The score on the Social Network Addiction Tendency Scale was (21.08±6.29) among college students, and the detection rate of social networking addiction was 66.29%. After adjusting for gender, family economic status, parental divorce status, and whether being an only child, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in the personality system, higher loneliness ( OR =1.66) and higher depressive symptoms ( OR =2.18) were associated with increased risk of social networking addiction among college students; in the behavior system, alcohol consumption ( OR =1.42) was associated with higher risk of soical networking addiction compared to non drinkers; and in the social environment system, low social support ( OR =1.43) was associated with increased risk of social networking addiction (all P <0.05). Conclusions The rate of social networking addiction among college students is relatively high, and the systems of personality, behavior, and social environment are all related to social network addiction. Providing social support, cultivating healthy lifestyle habits, and increasing interpersonal interactions may help reduce excessive dependence on social networking among college students.

Objective To investigate the related factor underlying the differential vulnerability of inner hair cell(IHC)ribbon synapses to noise exposure.Methods Twenty-eight C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the noise exposure group(NED1)and the control group(CTR)with 14 mice in each group.The noise exposure group was exposed to bandpass noise of 2～20 kHz at 103 dB SPL for two hours while the control group was bred in a quiet environment.Before and after noise exposure,auditory brainstem response was conducted to detect the audi-tory function,whole-mount immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the number of inner hair cell ribbon synapses in different turns.The calcium influx of inner hair cells in the apical and middle turn using whole-cell patch clamp recording was analyzed.Furthermore,the immunofluorescence intensity of calpain in inner hair cells from dif-ferent mouse cochlear turns using whole-mount immunofluorescence staining was compared.Western blotting was used to verify that CtBP2 was degraded by calpain.Results After noise exposure,the ABR threshold of 11.3,16.0,22.6,32.0 kHz increased significantly and the number of ribbon synapses of inner hair cells at the middle turn and basal turn of the cochlea decreased significantly.However,whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that calcium ion channels were fewer but single-channel current was higher at the apical turn of the cochlea.The open probability of calcium ion channels in IHCs showed no significant difference between the apical turn and the middle turn of the cochlea.But the expression level of calpain of the inner hair cells at the middle and basal turn of the basi-lar membrane was significantly higher than that at the apical turn after noise exposure.The western blotting results also showed that CtBP2 was cleaved in a Ca2+-dependent manner by calpain.Conclusion Calpain may be the main related factor that accounts for the vulnerability of ribbon synapses in inner hair cells in the high frequency region of basal membrane.

Objective·To investigate the pathological and physiological changes underlying noise-induced cochlear nucleus damage and the regulating function of astrocytes on the damage,using a combination of morphological analysis,and molecular biology techniques.Methods·Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to 110 dB SPL(sound pressure level)broadband noise for 2 hours.Auditory brainstem response(ABR)tests were performed on the mice on days 1,7,14,30,and 90 after the noise exposure.Immunofluorescence staining of cochlear nuclear tissue was conducted to observe cochlear nuclear neurons and auditory synapses,as well as astrocyte activation levels.In addition,the damage to the cochlear nuclear neurons and synapses caused by noise was verified through Western blotting.Results·A significant decrease in cochlear nuclear Bushy cells after noise exposure was observed.The Western blotting results showed that there was severe loss of nerve fibers in cochlear nuclear neurons,indicating that noise caused significant damage to cochlear nucleus neurons.Moreover,a significant loss of auditory synapses labeled with vesicular glutamate transporter 1(Vglutl)was observed,which was the severest on day 14 after noise exposure and slowly recovered on day 90.Interestingly,astrocytes in the cochlear nucleus displayed obvious clustering and activation after noise exposure.By staining with glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),most astrocytes were distributed around the cochlear nucleus,granule cell area,and auditory nerve root before noise exposure,and they had a small size.However,on day 14 after noise exposure,a large number of activated astrocytes aggregated in the ventral cochlear nucleus,and they all showed a pattern of growth around the synapses.Conclusion·Noise exposure leads to significant damage in the cochlear nucleus,and it is possible that astrocytes are involved in its damage and repair processes.These findings will provide a crucial foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of sound signal analysis,integration,and neural plasticity in the cochlear nucleus.

In Vivo Dosimetry ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiometry/methods* ; Electronics ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods* ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Algorithms

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Objective To investigate the effect of warfarin on coagulation and hemorheology in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods 106 cases of admitted in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 were randomly divided into observation group(53 cases)and control group(53 cases).The control group re-ceived routine treatment,the observation group received routine and warfarin treatment.The two groups were treated for 4 weeks.The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Before and after treat-ment,indicators of heart function,blood coagulation and hemorheology were observed.Results The total effi-ciency of observation group(92.45%)was higher than that of the control group(73.58%,P<0.05).After treatment,the TT and APTT of the two groups both increased(P<0.05);The TT and APTT of the observa-tion group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);The plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggrega-tion index,and fibrinogen of the two groups decreased(P<0.05);The plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggrega-tion index,fibrinogen of the observation group were lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion Warfarin has obvious curative effect on patients with atrial fibrillation,and can improve the function of blood coagulation and hemorheology.

Objective To investigate the security and efficacy of one stage and bilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by uniportal-video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) to cure patients with myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods A number of 131 patients with MG who underwent resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by VATS in one single center from February 2009 to December 2013 were selected in this retrospective study.76 patients underwent unilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by three portal VATS from February 2009 to March 2012 and 55 patients underwent one stage and bilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by small uniportal-VATS from April 2012 to December 2013.The time for operation,the bleeding volume during operation,the volume of postoperative drainage and drainage time,the improvement of symptoms,the postoperative pain,hospital stays and the occurrence of myasthenia gravis crisis were compared between the two groups.Results The general condition and pathological type did not have significant statistical differences between the two groups.The operating time in the uniportal-VATS group was significantly longer than that in three portal VATS group,but the pain was lighter,and the hospital stay was shorter.There were no significant differences between groups in terms of blood loss,postoperative drainage time,and volume of drainage.The follow-up was from 32 to 90 months,and 118 (90.08％)patients completed the follow up.94.5 ％ of the patients in uniportalVATS group acquired complete stable remission(CSR),while it was 84.2％ in three portal VATS group(P ＜ 0.05),and the uniportal-VATS group had lower rate of myasthenic crisis (P ＜0.05).Conclusion One stage and bilateral resection of thymic tissue and clearance of mediastinal fat by small uniportal-VATS is safe and effective with shorter hospital stay and less pain,and it can get higher CSR and less myasthenic crisis,its efficacy is superior to traditional three portal VATS.

[Abstract ] Objective Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) can promote arteriogenesis in ischemic myocardia , but the mo-lecular mechanism remains unclear .The study aimed to explore the effect of CSWT on arteriogenesis in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells ( HCMEC ) and the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) in the sig-nal conduction pathway of CSWT arteriogenesis . Methods HC-MEC cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into control group , CSWT group , CSWT +T ( FAK inhibitor PF-573228 ) group and CSWT+F( SCa inhibitor iberiotoxin ) group.Each group received one CSWT(0.09 mJ/mm2, 200Times) 48 h after added stimulant.24 hours'conventional culture later , tests were made on the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) mRNA as well as the changes of related protein expression . Results ①QPCR test showed that eNOS , VEGF mRNA expressions increased in CSWT group compared with control group (4.61 ±0.19 vs 3.99 ±0.17, P<0.05), while compared with CSWT group, eNOS, VEGF mRNA expressions in CSWT +T group were decreased (0.62 ±0.10 vs 0.40 ±0.02, P<0.05), eNOS, VEGF mRNA expressions in CSWT +F group were also decreased (0.53 ±0.02 vs 0.64 ±0.02, P<0.05), all the differ-ences were of statistical significance .②Western blot showed that eNOS , VEGF protein expressions increased in CSWT group compared with control group(0.63 ±0.02 vs 0.43 ±0.02, P<0.05), while compared with CSWT group , eNOS, VEGF protein expressions in CSWT+T group were decreased (0.36 ±0.01 vs 0.29 ±0.02, P<0.05), eNOS, VEGF protein expressions in CSWT +F group were also decreased (0.37 ±0.02 vs 0.30 ±0.02, P<0.05), all the differences were of statistical significance . Conclusion CSWT can improve eNOS , VEGF mRNA and protein expressions in HCMEC cells and FAK and KCa may participate in the signal conduction pathway of CSWT arteriogenesis .

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristic and surgical treatment of nasal sinus osteoma. METHOD: Fifty-one cases with nasal sinus osteoma were diagnosed by nasal sinus X ray or CT scan. All of these osteoma patients were cured by surgical resection. Supraorbital Lynch approach were applied in forty-two cases, lateral rhinotomy Moure approach in 4 cases, Caldwell-Luc approach in 3 cases and Dandy approach that combined with cranium and facial route in 2 cases. RESULT: Operative incisions in all cases healed in 1 period, no complications such as brain spinal fistula occurred. All cases were followed up for 6 months to 5 years, there were no recurrence of osteomas and occurrence of mucus cysts. CONCLUSION Osteomas in nasal sinus grow slowly. X ray or CT scan is helpful to confirm the diagnosis and choose the surgical approach reasonably.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoma ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult