Objective To explore time-related changes in renal function,renal injury biomarkers,and renal pathology in rats entering a low-pressure and low-oxygen(LPLO)environment simulating moving from the plains to a plateau.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups(n=6 rats per group).Rats in the Control group were placed outside the chamber under normal pressure and oxygen conditions.Rats in the experimental groups were placed in an LPLO chamber to simulate a plateau environment at 5000 m above sea level,and were maintained in the chamber for 3,7,14,and 28 days,respectively.Serum levels of creatinine(CRE),cystatin C(CysC),neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),and interleukin-18(IL-18)were measured as biomarkers of renal injury.Pathological changes in the kidney were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining,with quantitative assessment of the following parameters:average glomerular diameter,peritubular capillary(PTC)density per tubule,tubular injury score,and outer medulla(OM)congestion score.Results NGAL,KIM-1,CysC,and CRE were significantly increased in the experimental compared with the Control group(all P＜0.05).The average glomerulus diameter was significantly reduced in the LPLO 3 d group and significantly increased in the LPLO 14 d group(both P＜0.05).The peritubular capillary(PTC)/tubule ratio was significantly decreased.The renal tubular injury and OM congestion scores were significantly increased(both P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that PTC/tubule was linearly negatively correlated with the LPLO duration,while CRE,CysC,and pathological indicators(mean glomerular diameter,OM congestion score,renal tubular injury score)were curvilinearly correlated with the duration of LPLO(all P＜0.05).Variables with a curvilinear correlation were analyzed using restricted cubic splines(RCS).Each curve exhibited an inverted-L shape,with inflection points on day 7,indicating that the rate of increase of all indicators was highest within the first 7 days of LPLO,and the rate of increase then slowed from 7 days to 28 days.Conclusions A simulated move from a plains to a plateau environment was associated with significant structural and functional renal damage,but the kidneys then showed a self-adaptive adjustment process towards the plateau environment.

Objective To explore time-related changes in renal function,renal injury biomarkers,and renal pathology in rats entering a low-pressure and low-oxygen(LPLO)environment simulating moving from the plains to a plateau.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups(n=6 rats per group).Rats in the Control group were placed outside the chamber under normal pressure and oxygen conditions.Rats in the experimental groups were placed in an LPLO chamber to simulate a plateau environment at 5000 m above sea level,and were maintained in the chamber for 3,7,14,and 28 days,respectively.Serum levels of creatinine(CRE),cystatin C(CysC),neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),and interleukin-18(IL-18)were measured as biomarkers of renal injury.Pathological changes in the kidney were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining,with quantitative assessment of the following parameters:average glomerular diameter,peritubular capillary(PTC)density per tubule,tubular injury score,and outer medulla(OM)congestion score.Results NGAL,KIM-1,CysC,and CRE were significantly increased in the experimental compared with the Control group(all P＜0.05).The average glomerulus diameter was significantly reduced in the LPLO 3 d group and significantly increased in the LPLO 14 d group(both P＜0.05).The peritubular capillary(PTC)/tubule ratio was significantly decreased.The renal tubular injury and OM congestion scores were significantly increased(both P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that PTC/tubule was linearly negatively correlated with the LPLO duration,while CRE,CysC,and pathological indicators(mean glomerular diameter,OM congestion score,renal tubular injury score)were curvilinearly correlated with the duration of LPLO(all P＜0.05).Variables with a curvilinear correlation were analyzed using restricted cubic splines(RCS).Each curve exhibited an inverted-L shape,with inflection points on day 7,indicating that the rate of increase of all indicators was highest within the first 7 days of LPLO,and the rate of increase then slowed from 7 days to 28 days.Conclusions A simulated move from a plains to a plateau environment was associated with significant structural and functional renal damage,but the kidneys then showed a self-adaptive adjustment process towards the plateau environment.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of IA regimen which contains idarubicin (IDA) 8 mg/m², 10 mg/m² or 12 mg/m² as induction chemotherapy for adult patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods: A total of 1 215 newly diagnosed adult AML patients, ranging from May 2011 to March 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and other 36 clinical blood centers in China were enrolled in the multicenter, single-blind, non-randomized, clinical controlled study. To compare the response rate of complete remission (CR) , adverse events between different dose idarubicin combined with cytarabine (100 mg/m²) as induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients of adult AML. Results: Of 1 207 evaluable AML patients were assigned to this analysis of CR rate. The CR rates of IDA 8 mg/m² group, IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 73.6% (215/292) , 84.1% (662/787) and 86.7% (111/128) , respectively (P<0.001) . After adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow, FAB classification and risk stratification, the odds ratios (95% CI) of IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 0.49 (0.34-0.70) and 0.36 (0.18-0.71) , as compared with the IDA 8 mg/m² group (P<0.001, P=0.003) . In the intermediate and favorable groups, CR rates was 76.5% (163/213) , 86.9% (506/582) and 86.1% (68/79) in different doses of IDA (P=0.007) . Interestingly, IA regimen with IDA 10 mg/m² was the only beneficial factor affecting CR in this group after adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow and FAB classification[OR=0.47 (95% CI 0.31-0.71) , P<0.001]. CR rates in adverse group was 50.0% (18/36) , 60.6% (43/71) and 81.8% (18/22) respectively (P=0.089) . However, the odds ratios (95% CI) of IDA 12 mg/m² when compared with the IDA 8 mg/m² was 0.22 (0.06-0.80) , after adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow and FAB classification. The median time (days) of neutrophil count less than 0.5×10⁹/L in IDA 8 mg/m² group, IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 14 (11-18) , 15 (11-20) and 18 (14-22) , respectively (P=0.012) and of platelet count lower than 20×10⁹/L were 14 (7-17) , 15 (11-20) and 17 (15-21) , respectively (P=0.001) . The incidences of lung infection in the three groups were 9.8%, 13.5% and 25.2%, respectively (P<0.001) . Conclusions For young adult patients (aged 18-60 years) with AML in China, intensifying induction therapy with idarubicin 10 mg/m² is clinically superior to IDA 8 mg/m² and IDA 12 mg/m² in favorable intermediate AML subgroup. However, idarubicin 12 mg/m² is more suitable to adverse AML subgroup.

OBJECTIVETo detect free testosterone (FT) in the serum and semen of patients with idiopathic oligospermia, and further analyze the relationship between FT and idiopathic oligospermia.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from the males of a normal control group (n = 44) and an idiopathic oligospermia group (n = 44) at 8:00-10:00 a.m.. Semen samples were collected from the males of a normal control group (n = 30) and an idiopathic oligospermia group (n = 37) at the same time. Sperm density was detected by routine semen analysis, and FT in the serum and semen was detected by RIA.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of FT between the groups of normal control [(97.50 +/- 46.96) pmol/L] and idiopathic oligospermia [(94.88 +/- 42.04) pmol/L], P > 0.5. But the difference was significant in the semen concentrations of FT between the groups of normal control [(2.01 +/- 0.32) pmol/L] and idiopathic oligospermia [(0.52 +/- 0.44) pmol/L], P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONMeasurement of semen FT concentration could early reflect the function of the testis, which contributes to the early diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic oligospermia.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligospermia ; blood ; metabolism ; Semen ; chemistry ; Testosterone ; blood ; metabolism

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The expression of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and hEGF receptor (hEGF-R) was examined by 125I-labeled-hEGF binding analysis in 21 cases of colonic carcinomas. No significant difference was found in the values of hEGF binding among carcinoma, paracarcino-ma regions and regions far away from carcinoma, but the values in all of them were higher than that in normal colonic tissues (P