AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathogens in patients with post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis(PTIE)and their relationship with serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α), heat shock protein 70(HSP70), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(sTREM-1).METHODS:A total of 157 patients with PTIE from the Handan City Eye Hospital(The Third Hospital of Handan)from May 2023 to May 2025 were selected as the study group. They were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group based on their uncorrected visual acuity at discharge. Meanwhile, 157 patients with ocular trauma but without endophthalmitis during the same period were selected as control group 1, and 157 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as control group 2. Aqueous humor and vitreous fluid samples were collected from the study group to detect the distribution of pathogens. The levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. The predictive value of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 levels for poor prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS: The general data of the participants in the three groups was comparable. A total of 173 pathogens were detected in the 157 patients with PTIE, with Gram-positive bacteria being the predominant type. The levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 in the study group were higher than those in control groups 1 and 2, while the level of HSP70 was lower than those in control groups 1 and 2(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 between control groups 1 and 2(all P>0.05). In the poor prognosis group, the time of wound suture was ≥24 h, the wound location was in zones II/III, the type of trauma was rupture, the proportion of rupture injuries, and the levels of serum C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, and sTREM-1 were higher than those in the good prognosis group, while the level of HSP70 was decreased(all P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time of wound suture, wound location, type of trauma, C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were risk factors for poor visual prognosis in patients with PTIE(all P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the combined prediction of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 for poor visual prognosis in PTIE patients had an AUC value of 0.965, which was significantly higher than that of individual predictions(ZMIP-1α, ZHSP70, ZsTREM-1=3.628, 4.705, 3.930, all P<0.05). Additionally, the DCA curve showed that the combined prediction had a higher net benefit rate than individual predictions in the high-risk threshold range of 0.03-0.97.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant type of pathogenic bacteria in patients with PTIE, with elevated levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 and decreased levels of HSP70. The combined detection of these three factors has a high predictive efficacy for visual prognosis in patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Buyang huanwu decoction （BYHWD） and its active fractions in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS BYHWD and its effective fractions obtained through ethanol precipitation， as well as 30% ethanol， 50% ethanol， and 75% ethanol fractions （namely， the CC effective fraction， 30YC effective fraction， 50YC effective fraction， and 75YC effective fraction）， were prepared. These preparations were administered to rats via intragastric administration to prepare corresponding drug-containing serum （blank serum and simvastatin-containing serum were prepared using the same protocol）. Human L02 hepatocytes were divided into control group， model group， simvastatin-containing serum group， BYHWD-containing serum group， CC-containing serum group， 30YC-containing serum group， 50YC-containing serum group， and 75YC-containing serum group. Except for the control group， other groups were given 0.2 mol/L oleic acid for 24 h to induce a lipid accumulation model， and then intervened with 20% drug-containing serum/blank serum for 24 h. The lipid deposition in cells was observed， and the proportion of lipid droplet area was calculated； the levels of triglycerides （TG） and indicators of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）] as well as liver function [alanine amino- transferase （ALT）， aspartate amino-transferase （AST）] in cells were detected； protein and mRNA expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 （SREBP-1）/glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase （GPAT） signaling pathway were also measured. RESULTS Compared with the control group， cells in the model group exhibited severe cellular steatosis， with a significantly increased proportion of lipid droplet area， as well as the elevated levels of TG， ALT， AST， and MDA in cells， along with significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1 and GPAT （P＜0.05）. The level of SOD， mRNA expression of AMPK， as well as the protein phosphorylation level of AMPK were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， cellular steatosis was alleviated in all drug-containing serum groups， and the levels of most of the aforementioned quantitative indicators were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS BYHWD and its active fractions can exert a therapeutic effect on improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK/SREBP-1/GPAT signaling pathway， inhibiting oxidative stress responses， and reducing lipid deposition.

Objective: To investigate the assocation of sedentary behavior among college students on psychological health issues, such as depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and to analyze the moderating role of takeaway consumption behavior in the context, in order to provide a scientific basis for reducing emotional symptoms among college students. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire on 3 427 first year students of a higher education institution in Hefei of Anhui Province from May to June 2021. The study variables included demographic characteristics, sedentary time, takeaway consumption behavior, and emotional (symptoms depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms). The Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between variables, and linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between takeaway consumption behavior and depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms among college students with sedentary time. Results: Both sedentary time and takeaway consumption behavior were positively correlated with depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms among college students ( r =0.10, 0.10, 0.10; 0.10, 0.11, 0.11, all P <0.05). The results of linear regression analysis showed that the interaction term between takeaway consumption behavior and sedentary time was positively correlated with symptoms of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among college students (depression: β =0.04, anxiety: β =0.04, stress: β =0.04, all P <0.05). The results of the simple slope test demonstrated that regardless of the level of takeaway consumption behavior, sedentary time was positively correlated with the depressive symptoms of college students; compared with low takeaway consumption behavior, high takeaway consumption behavior ( β=0.77, P <0.01) enhanced the association between sedentary time and depressive symptoms among college students. In addition, under the condition of high takeaway consumption behavior, sedentary time was positively correlated with the anxiety and stress symptoms of college students (anxiety: β =0.64; stress: β =0.71, both P <0.01); while under the condition of low takeaway consumption behavior, sedentary time was not related to the anxiety and stress symptoms of college students ( β =0.17, 0.22, both P >0.05). Conclusions Sedentary behavior is related to a the emotional symptoms of depressive, anxiety, and stress among college students. Takeaway consumption behavior may exacerbate this impact.

Objective: To explore the association of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen, so as to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2024 by a stratified cluster random sampling method to select 6 926 junior and senior middle school students from 5 middle schools in Shenzhen. The questionnaire from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used to assess the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, and physical activity Rating Scale was used to assess the level of physical activity, and Brief Instrument on Psychological Health of Youths was used to evaluate the psychological sub health status. The Chi -square test was used to analyze the differences in the detection rates of psychological sub health among different groups of middle school students, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the effects of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption and their combined effects on the psychological sub health of middle school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen was 18.93%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, school stage, family residence, family economic status, parental literacy, academic stress and number of friends, lack of physical activity or excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption were associated with increased risks of psychological sub health among middle school students ( OR =1.36, 1.45); and the highest risk of psychological sub health was found in middle school students who were lack of physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption ( OR =2.59) ( P <0.01). Further analysis by school stages showed that junior high school students with sufficient physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.10), lack of physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.31) were at higher risks of psychological sub health than senior high school students( P <0.05). Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption are closely associated with an increased risk of psychological sub health among middle school students. Effective interventions should be targeted to reduce the risk of psychological sub health problems among middle school students.

Objective:To explore the surgical efficacy of cervical cerclage with cervical length (CL) <10 mm and emergency cerclage.Methods:From January 2013 to June 2022, a total of 98 singleton pregnant women who underwent ultrasound-indicated cervical cerclage because of CL<10 mm in the second trimester and underwent emergency cervical cerclage because of cervical dilation found by physical examination in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. The differences in clinical data between the <34 weeks delivery group (25 cases) and the ≥34 weeks delivery group (73 cases) were compared. Meanwhile, according to different cervical status, they were divided into CL<10 mm group (43 cases) and cervical dilatation group (55 cases), and the cervical dilatation group was further divided into cervical dilatation <4 cm group and cervical dilatation ≥4 cm group. The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with different cervical status were compared.Results:(1) There were significant differences in the proportion of preoperative CL<10 mm and the degree of preoperative cervical dilation between the <34 weeks delivery group and the ≥34 weeks delivery group (all P<0.05). (2) After cervical cerclage, compared with women in the cervical dilatation group, the prolonged gestational age in the CL<10 mm group was longer [(10.5±4.6) vs (14.3±3.4) weeks], the gestational age at delivery was later (median: 35.7 vs 38.0 weeks), the preterm birth rates before 37 and 34 weeks were lower, the late abortion rate was lower [9% (5/55) vs 0 (0/43)], and the newborn birth weight was higher, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) Compared with the cervical dilation ≥4 cm group, the prolonged gestational age of the cervical dilatation <4 cm group was longer [(7.5±5.3) vs (11.1±4.2) weeks], the gestational age at delivery was later (median: 29.2 vs 36.0 weeks), and the birth weight of the newborn was higher (all P<0.05). The late abortion rate of cervical dilatation <4 cm group was lower than that of cervical dilatation ≥4 cm group [7% (3/45) vs 2/10; P=0.220]. Conclusions:Timely cervical cerclage in individuals with CL<10 mm could reduce preterm birth rate before 34 weeks gestation, and the pregnancy outcome is better than that of individuals with cervical dilation. Moreover, the pregnancy outcome of cervical cerclage in women with cervical dilation <4 cm is significantly better than that in women with cervical dilatation ≥4 cm.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research progress of graphene and its derivatives (GDs) in bone repair. METHODS: The relevant research literature at home and abroad in recent years was extensively accessed. The properties of GDs in bone repair materials, including mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and antibacterial properties, were systematically summarized, and the unique advantages of GDs in material preparation, functionalization, and application, as well as the contributions and challenges to bone tissue engineering, were discussed. RESULTS: The application of GDs in bone repair materials has broad prospects, and the functionalization and modification technology effectively improve the osteogenic activity and material properties of GDs. GDs can induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through specific signaling pathways and promote osteogenic activity through immunomodulatory mechanisms. In addition, the parameters of GDs have significant effects on the cytotoxicity and degradation behavior. CONCLUSION GDs has great potential in the field of bone repair because of its excellent physical and chemical properties and biological properties. However, the cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and functionalization strategies of GDs still need to be further studied in order to achieve a wider application in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Graphite/pharmacology* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology* ; Bone Regeneration ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Cell Differentiation ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Substitutes/chemistry* ; Animals

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound scoring system combined with serum levels of creatine kinase(CK),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in predicting the degree of placental implantation in parturients.Methods A total of 137 pregnant women with placental implantation disorders who were admitted to Xi'an Daxing Hospital from January 2020 to January 2024 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Pathological examination revealed 101 cases of adhesion type and 36 cases of implantation and penetration types.Clinical data were collected.All the patients underwent ultrasonic examination and were scored using an ultrasound scoring system.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the factors influencing the degree of placental implantation.The predictive value of the ultrasound scoring system and serum markers for the degree of placental implantation was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The transfusion rate of allogeneic red blood cell and ultrasound score in patients with implantation and penetration types were significantly higher than those in patients with adhesion type(55.56%vs.14.85%,5.97±1.23 vs.2.52±1.20,P<0.05).Serum levels of CK,VEGF and AFP in patients with implantation and penetration types were also significantly higher than those in patients with adhesion type([151.94±51.02]U/L vs.[121.37±43.01]U/L,[251.64±52.09]pg/mL vs.[151.67±31.08]pg/ml,[234.95±43.01]ng/mL vs.[205.64±35.12]ng/ml,P<0.05).Ultrasound findings such as the disappearance of the clear zone,abnormal placental lacunae,disruption of the bladder boundary,thinning of the myometrium,placental protrusion,extrusion of local tissue,high vascularization between the uterus and bladder,high vascularization behind the placenta,vascular bridges,and direct blood vessels in the placental bed were significantly more frequent in patients with implantation and penetration types compared to the adhesion type(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that allogeneic red blood cell transfusion rate,ultrasound score,and serum levels of CK,VEGF and AFP were independent risk factors for a higher degree of placental implantation,with odds ratios of 5.363,1.810,1.015,1.019,and 1.020(95%CI:1.410-20.404,1.197-2.736,1.000-1.030,1.004-1.035,1.002-1.038,P<0.05).The combined predictive value of ultrasound scoring and serum levels of CK,VEGF and AFP showed the highest sensitivity(94.40%)and specificity(97.00%)for the degree of placental implantation in patients with implantation and penetration types,with a Youden index of 0.914 and an AUC of 0.937(95%CI:0.874-0.999).Conclusion The ultrasound scoring system combined with serum CK,VEGF and AFP can effectively predict the severity of placental implantation.This combined approach offers high sensitivity and specificity for identifying high-risk cases of implantation and penetration types of placental implantation,thereby aiding clinicians in optimizing management and intervention strategies for pregnant women.

Objective:To analyze and compare the reporting data of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of influenza vaccines in Fujian Province from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Using the National Immunization Program Information Management System, the AEFI reports and vaccination data of influenza vaccines in Fujian Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected, and the reporting rates and clinical characteristics of AEFI of 6 types of influenza vaccines were compared. The 6 types of vaccines in the analysis were as follows: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3) for 6-35 months old people, IIV3 for ≥3 years old people, trivalent live attenuated nasal spray vaccine (LAIV3) for 3-17 years old people, quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4) for 6-35 months old people, IIV4 for ≥6 months old people, and IIV4 for ≥3 years old people.Results:From 2019 to 2023, a total of 87 687.21 million doses of influenza vaccine were vaccinated in Fujian Province, and 510 cases of AEFI were reported, with a reporting rates of 5.82 per 100 000 doses. Among the 510 cases, 443 (86.86%) were general reactions, 56 (10.98%) were abnormal reactions, 1 (0.20%) was psychogenic reactions, and 10 (1.96%) were coincidence. There were no reports of vaccination accidents and vaccine quality accidents. The reporting rates of AEFI were relatively higher in 2019 and 2020 (18.38 and 18.00 per 100 000 doses, respectively), and lower in 2021, 2022 and 2023 (8.91, 10.68 and 2.30 per 100 000 doses, respectively); the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The differences of reporting rates of AEFI between IIV3 for 6-35 months old people and IIV4 for 6-35 months old people, the injectable vaccines and nasal spray vaccines were not statistically significant. However, the reporting rates of overall AEFI, general reactions and abnormal reactions of IIV3 for ≥3 years old people were all higher than those of IIV4 for ≥3 years old people (7.77 per 100 000 doses vs. 3.88 per 100 000 doses, 6.18 per 100 000 doses vs. 3.59 per 100 000 doses, 1.41 per 100 000 doses vs. 0.19 per 100 000 doses). The reporting rates of overall AEFI and general reaction of IIV3 for 6-35 months old people were both higher than those of IIV3 for ≥3 years old (16.47 per 100 000 doses vs. 7.77 per 100 000 doses, 13.05 per 100 000 doses vs. 6.18 per 100 000 doses), and the differences were statistially significant (all P<0.05). The reporting rates of general abnormal reactions of IIV4 for 6-35 months old and ≥ 6 months old people were both higher than those of IIV4 for ≥3 years old people (14.73 per 100 000 doses and 9.52 per 100 000 doses vs. 3.88 per 100 000 doses); the reporting rates of general reactions and abnormal reactions of IIV4 for ≥6 months old people were both higher than those of IIV4 for ≥3 years old people (12.94 per 100 000 doses vs. 3.59 per 100 000 doses, 1.34 per 100 000 doses vs. 0.19 per 100 000 doses), the differences were statistcially significant (all P<0.05). In terms of clinical features, the reporting rates of fever (37.6-38.5 ℃ and ≥ 38.5 ℃), local redness and swelling (diameter 2.6-5.0 cm), and local induration (diameter ≤2.5 cm and 2.6-5.0 cm) after vaccination of IIV3 for ≥3 years old people were higher than those of IIV4 for ≥ 3 years old people (1.41 per 100 000 doses vs. 0.64 per 100 000 doses, 3.00 per 100 000 doses vs. 1.16 per 100 000 doses); the reporting rates of allergic rash and angioedema of IIV3 for ≥ 3 years old people were higher than those of IIV4 for ≥3 years old people (0.53 per 100 000 doses vs. 0.12 per 100 000 doses, 0.35 per 100 000 doses vs. 0); the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.016 7). Conclusions:The reporting rates of AEFI for influenza vaccines in Fujian Province from 2019 to 2023 was showing a downward trend. The AEFI was mainly general reactions. The reporting rates of AEFI were different among different influenza vaccines, but the overall safety was good.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease, and macular edema (ME) is the most common cause of visual impairment in eyes with RVO.Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been advocated as a first-line therapy for ME secondary to RVO.After anti-VEGF treatment, the patient's visual function recovers well in the short term, but the long-term efficacy is unstable and the recurrence rate of ME is high.Therefore, it is of great clinical value to predict the factors influencing the recurrence of ME, which would help determine which patients should receive frequent follow-up and more aggressive treatment to achieve better clinical outcomes.In this paper, the influencing factors of recurrence of ME secondary to RVO are summarized, including disorganization of retinal inner layer, change in the macular microvascular structure, change in choroid thickness, the non-perfusion area between different areas of the retina, inflammatory cytokines, retinal blood flow and blood flow velocity, etc., which can provide an important basis for patient counseling, clinical diagnosis and treatment and prognostic follow-up.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease, and macular edema (ME) is the most common cause of visual impairment in eyes with RVO.Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been advocated as a first-line therapy for ME secondary to RVO.After anti-VEGF treatment, the patient's visual function recovers well in the short term, but the long-term efficacy is unstable and the recurrence rate of ME is high.Therefore, it is of great clinical value to predict the factors influencing the recurrence of ME, which would help determine which patients should receive frequent follow-up and more aggressive treatment to achieve better clinical outcomes.In this paper, the influencing factors of recurrence of ME secondary to RVO are summarized, including disorganization of retinal inner layer, change in the macular microvascular structure, change in choroid thickness, the non-perfusion area between different areas of the retina, inflammatory cytokines, retinal blood flow and blood flow velocity, etc., which can provide an important basis for patient counseling, clinical diagnosis and treatment and prognostic follow-up.