AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathogens in patients with post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis(PTIE)and their relationship with serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α), heat shock protein 70(HSP70), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(sTREM-1).METHODS:A total of 157 patients with PTIE from the Handan City Eye Hospital(The Third Hospital of Handan)from May 2023 to May 2025 were selected as the study group. They were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group based on their uncorrected visual acuity at discharge. Meanwhile, 157 patients with ocular trauma but without endophthalmitis during the same period were selected as control group 1, and 157 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as control group 2. Aqueous humor and vitreous fluid samples were collected from the study group to detect the distribution of pathogens. The levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. The predictive value of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 levels for poor prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS: The general data of the participants in the three groups was comparable. A total of 173 pathogens were detected in the 157 patients with PTIE, with Gram-positive bacteria being the predominant type. The levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 in the study group were higher than those in control groups 1 and 2, while the level of HSP70 was lower than those in control groups 1 and 2(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 between control groups 1 and 2(all P>0.05). In the poor prognosis group, the time of wound suture was ≥24 h, the wound location was in zones II/III, the type of trauma was rupture, the proportion of rupture injuries, and the levels of serum C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, and sTREM-1 were higher than those in the good prognosis group, while the level of HSP70 was decreased(all P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time of wound suture, wound location, type of trauma, C-reactive protein, MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 were risk factors for poor visual prognosis in patients with PTIE(all P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the combined prediction of serum MIP-1α, HSP70, and sTREM-1 for poor visual prognosis in PTIE patients had an AUC value of 0.965, which was significantly higher than that of individual predictions(ZMIP-1α, ZHSP70, ZsTREM-1=3.628, 4.705, 3.930, all P<0.05). Additionally, the DCA curve showed that the combined prediction had a higher net benefit rate than individual predictions in the high-risk threshold range of 0.03-0.97.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant type of pathogenic bacteria in patients with PTIE, with elevated levels of serum MIP-1α and sTREM-1 and decreased levels of HSP70. The combined detection of these three factors has a high predictive efficacy for visual prognosis in patients.

Objective: To explore the association of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen, so as to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2024 by a stratified cluster random sampling method to select 6 926 junior and senior middle school students from 5 middle schools in Shenzhen. The questionnaire from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used to assess the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, and physical activity Rating Scale was used to assess the level of physical activity, and Brief Instrument on Psychological Health of Youths was used to evaluate the psychological sub health status. The Chi -square test was used to analyze the differences in the detection rates of psychological sub health among different groups of middle school students, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the effects of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption and their combined effects on the psychological sub health of middle school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen was 18.93%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, school stage, family residence, family economic status, parental literacy, academic stress and number of friends, lack of physical activity or excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption were associated with increased risks of psychological sub health among middle school students ( OR =1.36, 1.45); and the highest risk of psychological sub health was found in middle school students who were lack of physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption ( OR =2.59) ( P <0.01). Further analysis by school stages showed that junior high school students with sufficient physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.10), lack of physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.31) were at higher risks of psychological sub health than senior high school students( P <0.05). Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption are closely associated with an increased risk of psychological sub health among middle school students. Effective interventions should be targeted to reduce the risk of psychological sub health problems among middle school students.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of leuprorelin and mifepristone on sex hormone levels， ovarian function， adverse reactions， and recurrence in patients with endometriosis （EMs） after surgery. METHODS A total of 178 patients who underwent surgical treatment for EMs in Ji’an Central People’s Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were randomly divided into the leuprorelin group and the mifepristone group， with 92 cases in each group. Medication was initiated on days 1 to 5 of the first menstrual cycle following surgery. Patients in the leuprorelin group received subcutaneous injections of Leuprorelin acetate microspheres， 3.75 mg per time， once every four weeks， for a total of 6 injections. Patients in the mifepristone group took 12.5 mg of Mifepristone capsules orally once daily for six consecutive months. Visual analog scale （VAS）， serum sex hormone levels [follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and estradiol （E2）]， ovarian function indicators [anti- Müllerian hormone （AMH）， antral follicle count （AFC）]， and T helper 1 cell （Th1）/Th2 shift markers [interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin 2 （IL-2）， IL-4， and IL-10] were compared between the two groups before surgery and after treatment. Incidence and outcome of adverse reactions and recurrence within one year were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in baseline indicators between the two groups before surgery （P＞0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significantly lower VAS scores for chronic pelvic pain， dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia， and significantly reduced serum FSH， LH， E2， IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to before surgery （P＜0.05）， while serum IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the leuprorelin group showed significantly greater improvements than the mifepristone group in all these indicators （P＜0.05）. After treatment， serum AMH levels in both groups were significantly lower than before surgery levels， while AFC was significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the leuprorelin group had significantly higher serum AMH levels and more AFC compared to the mifepristone group （P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions and outcome rates between the two groups （P＞0.05）. During one year of follow-up after discontinuation， the recurrence rate in the leuprorelin group was significantly lower than in the mifepristone group （1.15% vs. 10.99%， P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Both leuprorelin and mifepristone are effective therapeutic drugs for EMs， but the former has advantages in alleviating pain， regulating serum sex hormone levels， protecting ovarian function， regulating immune function and reducing recurrence rates.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners (GPs) in Shenzhen towards managing patients with common mental health problems.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study, from September 19 to October 31, 2020, 500 GPs from 100 community health centers (CHC) in 10 districts of Shenzhen municipality were randomly selected as the research subjects by stratified random sampling; the survey was conducted by self-filled questionnaire, which included general conditions, knowledge tests of common psychological problems (generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, panic attacks, sleep disorders), GPs′ attitudes to take care of common psychological problems, and GPs′ practice of caring for common psychological problems.Results:A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 329 valid ones were collected. In terms of knowledge, GPs had the highest accuracy of answering the characteristics of depressive disorder (97.3%, 320/329), and the lowest accuracy of case analysis of panic attacks (50.2%, 165/329). In terms of attitude, 71.1%(234/329)of GPs agreed that "common psychological problems should be taken care of",there was a statistically significant difference in attitude scores among GPs with different years of working in CHC ( Z=14.60, P=0.006). In terms of practice, the most encountered mental health problem was insomnia (91.2%, 300/329), 46.5% (153/329) of GPs would use psychological assessment scales, 52.9% (174/329) of GPs would choose direct referral, and there were statistically significant differences in attitude scores among GPs with different years of working ( Z=10.70, P=0.030) and years of working in CHC ( Z=22.14, P<0.001). Conclusions:GPs have a positive attitude in taking care of common psychological problems, but lack of knowledge and confidence. As working in CHC for more years, GPs are more inclined to care for patients with common psychological problems in practice.

Objective:To compare the effects of different lung recruitment maneuvers in infants undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 70 pediatric patients of either sex, aged 1-6 yr, weighing 10-24 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery from September 2020 to June 2021 with expected operation time≤2 h, were divided into 2 groups ( n=35 each) by a random number table method: recruitment maneuver using incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) group (PV group) and recruitment maneuver using controlled lung expansion group (RM group). The children underwent pressure-controlled ventilation after tracheal intubation, and lung recruitment was performed at 20 min after pneumoperitoneum, immediately after pneumoperitoneum, and at the end of operation and before tracheal extubation.In PV group, PEEP was gradually increased, the upper limit of airway pressure was 35 mmHg, PEEP was increased by 5 cmH 2O, ventilation was performed for 30 s, then PEEP was increased to 15 cmH 2O, ventilation was continued for 30 s, then the parameters were adjusted to the original ones, and ventilation was continued until the next lung recruitment.In RM group, manual ventilation mode was used, the pressure valve was adjusted to 30 cmH 2O, the pressure was increased to the maximum by rapid oxygenation, the breathing cuff was manually squeezed until the airway pressure achieved 30-35 mmHg, and 30 s later ventilation was performed with the original ventilation parameters, lasting for 30 s until the next lung recruitment.Peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure were recorded at 5 min after tracheal intubation (T 1), 20 min after pneumoperitoneum (T 2), immediately after pneumoperitoneum (T 3) and before extubation after surgery (T 4), and dynamic lung compliance was calculated.Blood gas analysis was performed at T 2 and T 4, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide were recorded, oxygenation index, alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference and respiratory index were calculated.Lung ultrasonography scores were assessed before tracheal extubation (T 0) and at T 4 and 20 min after entering the postanesthesia care unit (T 5). The time of tracheal extubation and length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Hypoxemia in postanesthesia care unit and occurrence of pulmonary complications within 3 days after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with RM group, peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure were significantly decreased at T 2, 3, dynamic lung compliance was increased at T 2-4, arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index were decreased , arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference and respiratory index were increased at T 2 and T 4, lung ultrasonography scores were decreased at T 4 and T 5, and the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was increased, and tracheal extubation time was prolonged in RM group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lung recruitment maneuver using incremental PEEP provides better efficacy than that using controlled lung expansion in infants undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

New threats posed by the emerging circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 highlight the need to find conserved neutralizing epitopes for therapeutic antibodies and efficient vaccine design. Here, we identified a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding antibody, XG014, which potently neutralizes β-coronavirus lineage B (β-CoV-B), including SARS-CoV-2, its circulating variants, SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoV WIV1. Interestingly, antibody family members competing with XG014 binding show reduced levels of cross-reactivity and induce antibody-dependent SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, suggesting a unique mode of recognition by XG014. Structural analyses reveal that XG014 recognizes a conserved epitope outside the ACE2 binding site and completely locks RBD in the non-functional "down" conformation, while its family member XG005 directly competes with ACE2 binding and position the RBD "up". Single administration of XG014 is effective in protection against and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. Our findings suggest the potential to develop XG014 as pan-β-CoV-B therapeutics and the importance of the XG014 conserved antigenic epitope for designing broadly protective vaccines against β-CoV-B and newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Epitopes ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics*

Objective:To analyze a Risk Scale for Emergence Agitation After General Anesthesia in Children (the EA risk scale) into simplified Chinese and evaluate the reliability and validity in children with strabismus correction surgery.Methods:After obtaining the authorization of the original author, the English version of the EA risk scale was translated, translated back and culturally debugged to form the Chinese version of the EA risk scale. Then 279 children with strabismus correction surgery were selected from a tertiary hospital of ophthalmology in Tianjin and were investigated to validate the scale.Results:The correlation coefficients of each item and the total score of the scale were respectively 0.768 (item 1) ,0.717(item 2), 0.676(item 3), 0.634(item 4) (all P < 0.01). Content validity index of the scale was 0.920, and each item was 0.80-1.00. One factors including 4 items were identified using exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 62.052% of the total variance. The optimal cut-off value for the EA risk in children was 10, with the AUG was 0.816, specificity of 0.704, and sensitivity of 0.839. The Cronbach α coefficient for the total scale was 0.819, and the intraclass correlation coefficient value between the scorers was 0.835. Conclusion:The Chinese version of the EA risk scale has good reliability and validity. The items are concise, clear, and easy to understand. It is suitable for clinical departments as a preliminary screening tool to identify emergence agitation after general anesthesia on children with strabismus correction surgery and to assess the risk of its occurrence.

Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL)-4 is a member of the large CRL family in eukaryotes. It plays important roles in a wide range of cellular processes, organismal development, and physiological and pathological conditions. DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 8 (DCAF8) is a WD40 repeat-containing protein, which serves as a substrate receptor for CRL4. The physiological role of DCAF8 is unknown. In this study, we constructed Dcaf8 knockout mice. Homozygous mice were viable with no noticeable abnormalities. However, the fertility of Dcaf8-deficient male mice was markedly impaired, consistent with the high expression of DCAF8 in adult mouse testis. Sperm movement characteristics, including progressive motility, path velocity, progressive velocity, and track speed, were significantly lower in Dcaf8 knockout mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. However, the total motility was similar between WT and Dcaf8 knockout sperm. More than 40% of spermatids in Dcaf8 knockout mice showed pronounced morphological abnormalities with typical bent head malformation. The acrosome and nucleus of Dcaf8 knockout sperm looked similar to those of WT sperm. In vitro tests showed that the fertilization rate of Dcaf8 knockout mice was significantly reduced. The results demonstrated that DCAF8 plays a critical role in spermatogenesis, and DCAF8 is a key component of CRL4 function in the reproductive system.
Animals ; Cullin Proteins/genetics* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Factor VIII ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases

More efficient drug delivery system and formulation with less adverse effects are needed for the clinical application of broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here we obtained outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs), a nano-sized proteoliposomes naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria, from attenuated and prepared doxorubicin-loaded O0MVs (DOX-OMV). Confocal microscopy and distribution study observed that DOX encapsulated in OMVs was efficiently transported into NSCLC A549 cells. DOX-OMV resulted in intensive cytotoxic effects and cell apoptosis as evident from MTT assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry due to the rapid cellular uptake of DOX. In A549 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, DOX-OMV presented a substantial tumor growth inhibition with favorable tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile, and TUNEL assay and H&E staining displayed extensive apoptotic cells and necrosis in tumor tissues. More importantly, OMVs' appropriate immunogenicity enabled the recruitment of macrophages in tumor microenvironment which might synergize with their cargo DOX . Our results suggest that OMVs can not only function as biological nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic agents but also elicit suitable immune responses, thus having a great potential for the tumor chemoimmunotherapy.