With the aging population and the widespread implementation of lung cancer screening programs, an increasing number of elderly patients are undergoing curative lung resection. Due to diminished physiological reserve and complex comorbidities, this demographic exhibits a significantly higher incidence of severe perioperative complications (defined as Clavien-Dindo grade≥Ⅲ), which adversely affects both perioperative safety and long-term prognosis. In recent years, the research paradigm has shifted from univariate analysis toward multidimensional risk integration and the development of predictive models. This article systematically reviews the key risk factors for severe perioperative complications in elderly lung cancer patients, encompassing biological aging processes, frailty and sarcopenia, cardiopulmonary and renal functional reserves, inflammatory-immune and coagulation status, and perioperative interventions. Furthermore, it traces the evolution of risk assessment tools from traditional regression models to machine learning models that integrate multimodal data. The review also discusses common challenges in this field, including the standardization of outcome definitions, external validation, calibration assessment, and clinical translation. Future efforts should prioritize the deep integration of predictive tools with clinical decision support systems to establish a closed-loop care pathway from risk identification to stratified intervention, thereby effectively reducing complication rates and enhancing surgical outcomes for elderly lung cancer patients.

Objective To quantitatively compare the gas supply performance between balanced piston and balanced diaphragm first-stage pressure reducers,so as to provide reference data for establishing a diving apparatus evaluation system.Methods The gas supply performance test data of the type 15 first-stage pressure reducer under different input pressures were obtained through the unmanned performance test.Dynamic pressure drop,dynamic and static pressure difference,and maximum gas-supply flow rate were compared.Results There were statistical differences in dynamic pressure drop,dynamic and static pressure difference,and maximum gas supply flow rate between the 2 kinds of first-stage pressure reducers.The maximum supply flow rate linear regression model of balanced piston first-stage pressure reducers could explain 92.3%of the changes of the maximum supply flow.Conclusion The balanced piston first-stage pressure reducer is superior to the balanced diaphragm first-stage pressure reducer in dynamic pressure drop,dynamic and static pressure difference,and maximum air supply flow rate,but the internal isolation of the balanced diaphragm first-stage pressure reducer makes it more suitable for use in cold or dirty waters.

Objective:Through quantitative comparison of the gas supply performance of first-stage decompressors of different self-contained underwater breathing apparatus（SCUBA）at home and abroad，to provide a point of reference for the selection，design，and evaluation of SCUBA.Methods:Through the unmanned performance test，the gas supply performance data of first-stage decompressors（14 models）with different input pressures（3.5 MPa，12.0 MPa，20.0 MPa）were recorded，and the distributions of the differences in static outlet pressure，dynamic pressure drop，dynamic and static pressure difference，and maximum gas supply flow were statistically analyzed.Results:The differences in dynamic pressure drop（ P=0.007 at 3.5 MPa， P=0.006 at 12.0 MPa， P=0.034 at 20.0 MPa），dynamic and static pressure difference（ P=0.005 at 3.5 MPa， P=0.002 at 12.0 MPa， P<0.001 at 20.0 MPa）with three input pressures，and the maximum gas supply flow（ P=0.002）with 3.5 MPa input pressure were statistically significant. The differences in static outlet pressure with three input pressures，and the differences in the maximum gas supply flow with 12.0 MPa and 20.0 MPa were not statistically significant（ P>0.05）. Conclusions:The first-stage decompressors of foreign brands show better performance than those of domestic brands in terms of dynamic pressure drop，dynamic and static pressure difference，and maximum gas supply flow.

Objective:Through quantitative comparison of the gas supply performance of first-stage decompressors of different self-contained underwater breathing apparatus（SCUBA）at home and abroad，to provide a point of reference for the selection，design，and evaluation of SCUBA.Methods:Through the unmanned performance test，the gas supply performance data of first-stage decompressors（14 models）with different input pressures（3.5 MPa，12.0 MPa，20.0 MPa）were recorded，and the distributions of the differences in static outlet pressure，dynamic pressure drop，dynamic and static pressure difference，and maximum gas supply flow were statistically analyzed.Results:The differences in dynamic pressure drop（ P=0.007 at 3.5 MPa， P=0.006 at 12.0 MPa， P=0.034 at 20.0 MPa），dynamic and static pressure difference（ P=0.005 at 3.5 MPa， P=0.002 at 12.0 MPa， P<0.001 at 20.0 MPa）with three input pressures，and the maximum gas supply flow（ P=0.002）with 3.5 MPa input pressure were statistically significant. The differences in static outlet pressure with three input pressures，and the differences in the maximum gas supply flow with 12.0 MPa and 20.0 MPa were not statistically significant（ P>0.05）. Conclusions:The first-stage decompressors of foreign brands show better performance than those of domestic brands in terms of dynamic pressure drop，dynamic and static pressure difference，and maximum gas supply flow.