Objective:To investigate the improvement effect of the freeze-dried garlic powder on acute myocardial ischemia and its effect on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PI3K/Akt/Nrf2) signaling pathway.Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive drug group, and garlic freeze-dried powder low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups using a random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The garlic freeze-dried powder low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups were orally administered with 0.58, 1.16, and 2.32 g/kg of garlic freeze-dried powder solution, the positive reference drug group was orally administered with 0.26 g/kg of compound Danshen tablet solution, and the model group and sham-operation group were orally administered with equal volumes of distilled water once a day for 14 consecutive days. Except for the sham-operation group, all other groups were prepared with acute myocardial ischemia models in rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Electrocardiogram testing was performed. The incidence of ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation in each group was counted. Myocardial infarction was observed through TTC staining, and the myocardial infarction rate was calculated; serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), LDH, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), SOD, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α levels were detected, and Western blot was used to detect myocardial tissue p-PI3K, p-Akt, Nrf2, HO-1 and Keap1 proteins.Results:Compared with the model group, the incidence of premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation in rats in each treatment group was reduced. Compared with the model group, the positive drug group and garlic freeze-dried powder medium- and high-dosage groups showed a decrease in myocardial infarction rate in rats ( P<0.05); compared with the model group, the levels of serum T-AOC and SOD in each treatment group increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the level of MDA decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01); the levels of CK, LDH, cTnT, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the serum of rats in the positive drug group and garlic freeze-dried powder high-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the expressions of p-PI3K, p-Akt, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins in myocardial tissue increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of Keap1 protein decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions:Garlic freeze-dried powder can improve acute myocardial ischemia of rats by reducing the release of serum myocardial enzymes and exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism may be related to regulating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

It is one of key scientific problems to identify the effective compounds in the study on new TCM. Because of the integrity of the effects of TCM, the diversity of constituents, the complexity of the targets and the unpredictability of the interaction among the components, the efficiency of the traditional efficacy substance research method is generally not high. Based on the research thought of quantitative composition-activity relationship, there are inevitable quantitative correlation between chemical compositions and its biological activity. The quantitative composition-activity relationship research is an effective method to detect the effective compounds. This article reviewed the common methods and technologies used in the quantitative composition-activity relationship research, with a purpose to provide some references for the study on basic effective components in TCM.

“Multi-component Chinese medicine” (MCC Medicine) is a new TCM concept in recent ten years. It is a new formed TCM product accepted and approved by the new mode (component compatibility of medicines) for TCM research and development, which originated from TCM research and development and TCM pharmaceutics. MCC Medicine contains massive historical accumulation of TCM and distinctive characteristics of the times, which is closely connected with the TCM theory, current trend of the TCM development, clinical treatment requirements, and the development of modern science and technology. In order to promote the development of MCC Medicine, this article reviewed its original background and future trend, with a purpose to make clear the direction for the development of MCC Medicine.

Objective To study the determination method of total flavonoids in Gansu Astragali Radix and Hedysarum Polybotrys. Methods Calycosin glycosides etc. was selected as reference substances, comparison on the difference of absorption curves was done by ultraviolet spectroscopy and colorimetric method (NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH, AlCl3, Mg(Ac)2, NaOH, phosphomolybdic acid, HCl-Mg power). Results With colorimetric method, the maximum absorption wavelength of referrence and the test was inconsistent. The absorption peak shape was also different. With UV method, Calycosin glycosides in band Ⅱ (260 nm) showed a shoulder absorption. Astragali Radix and Hedysarum Polybotrys also showed characteristic shoulder absorptions in band Ⅱ with absorption wavelength at 263 nm and 265 nm. So the sample absorption wavelength is basically the same as that of the control sample. Conclusion Colorimetries usually used for determination of total flavonoids are not suitable for the comparison determination of Gansu Astragali Radix and Hedysarum Polybotrys. It is suitable for determining the contents of total flavonoids in samples by UV spectrophotometry at the band Ⅱ, which is the characteristic absorption band of isoflavone compound.

Objective To study the effects of different extraction processes on extraction rate of cortex fraxini total coumarin and active constitute percentage of major coumarin;To establish a proper extraction process.Methods Orthogonal design method was applied to set comprehensive index cortex fraxini total coumarin extraction rate as inspecting index. Water and alcohol were used as solvent respectively to optimize the extraction process of cortex fraxini.Results Optimal water extraction process:cortex fraxini decoction pieces mixed with nine times of water, decocted for three times, 90 mins each time. The pasty fluid generating rate of cortex fraxini was 28.87%, total coumarin percentage was 19.26%, extraction rate was 5.56%, total percentage of Aesculin, Aesculetin, Fraxin, Fraxetin was 13.47%, when water was used as solvent. Optimal alcohol extraction process:cortex fraxini decoction pieces mixed with eight times of 75% ethyl alcohol, refluxed twice, two hours each time. The pasty fluid generating rate of cortex fraxini was 30.47%, total coumarin percentage was 21.72%, extraction rate was 6.62%, total percentage of Aesculin, Aesculetin, Fraxin, Fraxetin was 15.29%, when alcohol was used as solvent. It was found that using alcohol as solvent had a 5.54% higher pasty fluid generating rate, a 12.77% higher total coumarion percentage, a 19.06% higher total coumarin extraction rate, and a 13.51% higher percentage of total four coumarin constitutes than using water, with statistical significance. Conclusion Extraction process by using alcohol as solvent is better than using water. So the optimal and stable extraction process of cortex fraxini total coumarin is using 75% alcohol as solvent.

Objective To establish a UV spectrophotometry method and an HPLC method respectively for the determination of the total content of coumarin and contents of four main constituents of coumarin in Fraxini Cortex extract.Methods UV spectrophotometry was used for the determination of the content of total coumarin in Fraxini Cortex extract. The reference substance was Aesculin, and the maximum ultraviolet absorption wavelength was 334 nm. The HPLC method was used to determine the contents of Aesculin, Fraxin, Aesculetin and Fraxetin in Fraxini Cortex extract, using gradient elution with acetonitrile-phosphate solution (0.01%) as mobile phase on Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm) at room temperature.Results For the UV method, the linear range of the mass concentration of Aesculin was 5.76-23.04μg/mL (r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.6% (RSD=1.8%). For the HPLC method, the linear ranges of the mass of Aesculin, Fraxin, Aesculetin and Fraxetin were 0.055 0-3.850 0μg (r=0.9997), 0.053 9-3.773 0μg (r=0.999 8), 0.060 0-0.660 0μg (r=0.999 9), and 0.056 2-0.618 2μg (r=0.999 9), respectively, and the average recoveries were 96.97% (RSD=1.26%), 100.80% (RSD=2.22%), 99.04% (RSD=2.47%), and 98.77% (RSD=1.94%), respectively.Conclusion Both of the two methods are simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the quality control of total coumarin and the main constituents of coumarin in Fraxini Cortex extract.

Objective:To establish the quality control method for Tribulus terrestris L. by colorimetry and HPLC. Methods:The HPLC method was with a Welch Ultimate LP-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm),the mobile phase was methanol-water(80:20) and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. The colorimetry was with a perchloric acid method. The saponins of Tribulus terrestrist as the index,the determination method for total saponins and saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. was established. Results:The results of the HPLC and colorimetry methods showed saponins of Tribulus terrestris had good linear relationship within the range of 0. 820-7. 380 μg and 24. 600-86. 100 μg with the average recovery of 99. 3% and 99. 5%,respectively. Total saponins and saponins of Tribulus terres-tris in Tribulus terrestris from 18 habitats were measured by the methods. Conclusion:The methods are sensitive,accurate and repro-ducible,and can be used as the quality control methods for Tribulus terrestris.

Objective To explore the recovery time of hepatic function in infants with jaundice type of human cytomega-lovirus (HCMV) hepatitis and its influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 73 infants with jaundice type of HCMV hepa-titis admitted to hospital from February 2005 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects on hepatic function of nine factors including age, sex, liver size, total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspar-tate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and the loads of HCMV DNA were assessed by Kaplan Meier method, and further analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The results of Cox proportional hazards regression showed that age≤3 month (RR=0.27, 95%CI:0.10-0.70), DBil≤90μmol/L (RR=0.16, 95%CI:0.08-0.32), male (RR=0.49, 95%CI:0.26-0.94) and enlarged liver size<3 cm (RR=0.50, 95%CI:0.27-0.93) were independent factors that shorten the time for TBil back to be normal. Furthermore, AST≤120 U/L (RR=0.16, 95%CI:0.08-0.33) and enlarged liver size<3 cm (RR=0.28, 95%CI:0.15-0.49) were independent factors that shorten the time for AST back to be normal. The time for TBil back to be normal was (2.23 ± 1.54) months, which was significantly shorter than that [(3.63 ± 1.93) months] of AST (t=10.37, P<0.001). Conclusions Jaundice type HCMV hepatitis had good outcome and varied in disease course. The recovery of hepatic function was significantly adversely affected by the degree of cholestasis and hepatomegaly as well as AST level, and early treatment was conducive to the recovery.

Objective To establish a method to analyze the composition and content of monoses in the garlic polysaccharide by ion chromatography. Methods The monoses in the solution of garlic polysaccharide hydrolysised by trifluoroacetic acid were determined by amino PAC column, eluted by gradient hydroxide sodium and identified by ampere detector (AU as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode). Results The garlic polysaccharide was mainly composed by arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and fructose. Good resolution could be achieved among the above mentioned five kinds of monoses. Their linear correlations over the investigated concentration were above 0.998, while the average recovery rates were in the range of 95%-105%. Conclusion The ion chromatography method is fast, accurate, simple and reliable, and can be applied in the content determination and quality control of garlic polysaccharide.

Objective:To determine the antioxidization and antiproliferation of extract from leaves of Toona sinensis (LTS).Methods:The total phenolic extract of LTS was obtained by solvent and polyamide resin to determine the content.The antioxidization of the LTS extract was measured by TOSC assay.Antiproliferation was studied in vitro with different human cancer cells.Results:The total phenolic content in the LTS was (427.53±4.31) mg/g and antioxidization was 807.64 μmoL vitamin C equivalents/g in the sample.The extract significantly inhibited the colon cancer cell Caco-2,human liver cancer cell HepG2 and breast cancer cell MCF-7 proliferation with EC50 (4.00±0.39),(153.16±13.49) and (193.46±14.68) μg/mL,respectively.The bioactivity index (BI) of the LTS extract was nearly 283.Caco-2 was more sensitive than MCF-7 and HepG2.Conclusion:Extract from LTS has anticancer properties useful for preventing chronic diseases.