Sepsis-induced lung injury is a common type of sepsis complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome， whose uncontrolled inflammatory response and oxidative stress are the key pathological mechanisms. As an important pathway of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress， the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway is very important in the occurrence and development of sepsis-induced lung injury. This review summarizes relevant research conducted over the past decade on the regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to ameliorate sepsis- induced lung injury. It has been found that 14 kinds of TCM effective ingredients （including five types of compounds： flavonoids， terpenes， alkaloids， saponins， phenols） and 6 kinds of compound preparations （including three types of formulas： heat-clearing and detoxifying formulas， purgative formulas for promoting bowel movement， and formulas for reinforcing vital qi and consolidating the constitution） can inhibit inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and intervening in related pathways such as those involving Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1， heme oxygenase-1， antioxidant response element and AMP-activated protein kinase， thereby alleviating sepsis-induced lung injury.

BACKGROUND:Previous brain studies have mostly focused on adults and fetuses,and the developmental characteristics of young children's brainstems have rarely been studied. OBJECTIVE:To observe the brainstem development characteristics of healthy young children and to explore the age-related differences and their correlation with sex. METHODS:From January 2019 to April 2022,a retrospective study of 3.0T MRI images of 174 children aged 2 to 6 years in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University was conducted,and the median sagittal diameter,area and angle of the brainstem(including midbrain,pons and medulla oblongata)were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There is an age-related increase in the anterior and posterior diameters of the midbrain,pons and medulla oblongata in the 2-5 years old group as well as in the longitudinal diameter and area of the midbrain,pons and medulla oblongata in the 2-6 years old group.Except for the longitudinal diameter of the medulla oblongata,all others show a positive correlation with age(r>0,P<0.05).In the 2-3 years old group and 4-5 years old group,the children are in the rapid growth and development stage,and these two age groups can be used as the key observation indicators for the development of young children.The anterior-posterior diameter,longitudinal diameter,area of the pons and total brainstem area are strongly correlated with age,which can be used as the key observation indicators for the brainstem development in young children.

Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)is associated with a reduced quantity and/or quality of retrieved oocytes,usually leading to low numbers of retrieved oocytes and poor reproductive outcomes.DOR may potentially progress to premature ovarian insufficiency and premature ovarian failure,which have adverse impacts on women's health.There is currently no effective clinical treatment to rescue ovarian function.The limited availability of human ovarian tissues and medical ethics issues mean that animal models are crucial for improving our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DOR and identifying preventive and therapeutic targets.This review thus aims to summarize the techniques and strategies used to establish rodent models of DOR,to provide a reference for future studies.

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-internal standard method for the simultaneous determination of 59 antibiotics, including quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides and nitroimidazole in bean sprouts. MethodsThe internal standard compounds and 5.0 mL of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid were added into 5.0 g of the sample, and then extracted by ultrasonication. The extracted supernatant was filtered by 0.22 µm membrane and then injected into 1.0 µL of the sample directly. Methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and 2.0 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate containing 0.1% formic acid were taken as the mobile phases to conduct gradient elution. The separation was achieved on an ACQUITY PREMIER BEH C₁₈ column. The separated analytes were detected by the electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by internal standard method. ResultsThe 59 kinds of antibiotics in bean sprouts had a good linear relationship in the range of 10 μg·kg^-1 to 1 000 μg·kg^-1. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method for soybean sprouts ranged from 0.1 μg·kg^-1 to 3.0 μg·kg^-1 and 0.4 μg·kg^-1 to 10.0 μg·kg^-1, respectively. While, the LODs and LOQs of the method for mung bean sprouts ranged from 0.1 μg·kg^-1 to 2.0 μg·kg^-1 and 0.4 μg·kg^-1 to 7.0 μg·kg^-1, respectively. The average recoveries of the 59 kinds of antibiotics at four levels (10、50、200、800 μg·kg^-1) in soybean sprouts were 82.1%‒122.3%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.2%‒15.4% (n=6). However, the average recoveries of the 59 kinds of antibiotics in mung bean sprouts were 87.3%‒119.1%, with the RSDs of 0.9%‒15.0% (n=6). ConclusionThe method is rapid, highly sensitive and accurate, which can be used for rapid screening of quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and nitroimidazole antibiotics in large quantities of bean sprouts.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of tuberculosis complicated with diabetes in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, to provide scientific basis for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes.Methods　The Tuberculosis Information Management System was used to derive cases of tuberculosis patients from 2015-2022 according to their current residential address, and the temporal trends in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated diabetes were analyzed using the Join-point 4.9.0.0 software. According to whether tuberculosis patients had diabetes, SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the differences in population, regional, and diagnostic characteristics between the two groups. Results　From 2015 to 2022, a total of 566 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated diabetes were registered in Nanjing. The average annual reported incidence rate over 8 years was 0.82 per 100 000, rising from 0.21 per 100 000 in 2015 to 2.40 per 100 000 in 2022. The annual reported incidence rate showed an overall upward trend, with a statistically significant difference (APC=50.0%, 95%CI: 37.4%-63.8%, t=11.3, P<0.001). In terms of gender, the sex ratio of those with diabetes was 4.60∶1, which was higher than that of those without diabetes (2.12∶1), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=50.63, P<0.001); in terms of age, the highest number of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated diabetes was in the 65-75 years age group, accounting for 28.45% (161/566), while the highest number of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis without diabetes was in the 25-35 years age group, accounting for 19.59% (3 620/18 477); regionally, the proportion of rural areas for those with diabetes was 73.85% (418/566), and the proportion of rural areas for those without diabetes was 58.22% (10 758/18 477), which showed that rural areas were higher than urban areas (χ2=54.68, P<0.001). In terms of the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment, the patients with diabetes had a higher proportion of positive pathology, a lower proportion of successful treatment, a higher proportion of multi-drug resistance, and a higher proportion of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, with the proportions of 75.80% vs 51.45%, 67.67% vs 89.43%, 2.65% vs 1.85%, and 13.60% vs 6.28%, respectively. All these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions The overall annual reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated diabetes in Nanjing from 2015 to 2022 showed an overall upward trend over time. Hence, more efforts should be made in the prevention and control of such patients.

Objective To explore the changes of platelet count in children with bronchial pneumonia and its clinical significance in the disease.Methods 320 cases of bronchial pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed after hospitalization.According to the number of platelet count,the cases were divided into increased platelet count group (>400 ×109 /L)and normal platelet group(100 -400 ×109 /L),and the clinical data of two groups were statistically analyzed,such as age,gender,dyspnea,treatment,white blood cell count,hemoglobin,C -reactive protein.Results In 320 cases,62 cases'platelet count increased,258 cases were normal.Compared with the normal platelet group,the cases in increased platelet count group had the following characteristics:younger(<1 year old mainly,accounted for 46.77%;the former was between 1 and 3 years old mainly,accounted for 40.70%;Z =2.08),treatment time pro-longed (7.37 ±1.90)d,the former was (6.79 ±1.51)d,white blood cell count increased [(10.71 ±3.91)×109 /L,the former was (9.37 ±3.56)×109 /L,t =2.61,P <0.05];the incidence rate of dyspnea was higher (74.19%, the former was 52.33%,χ2 =9.73),hemoglobin decreased [(104 ±14)g/L,the former was (111 ±13)g/L,t =3.34],C -reactive protein increased [(24.42 ±12.73)mg/L,the former was (18.31 ±8.86)mg/L,t =3.58,P <0.01].There was no significant difference in gender between the two groups.Conclusion Children with bronchial pneumonia who platelet count increased are younger and their diseases are more serious.Observation the platelet count change can help to rightly judge and effective treat.

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence reported of maternal depression from the first to the third trimester was 7.4%, 12.8%, 12.0% respectively, which implies that around one-tenth of pregnant women suffer from psychological disorder during the whole pregnancy. It is assumed that during pregnancy the maternal-fetal circulation unit is also affected by maternal psychological status. The aim of this study is to explore the association between maternal psychological status and fetal dynamic blood flow circulation during pregnancy.

METHODSWe recruited 102 singleton low risk pregnant women between 30 to 33 gestational weeks. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used to assess maternal psychological status. Ultrasound Doppler was used to measure blood flow changes in maternal-fetal circulation. Pulsatility index (PI) value was measured in umbilical artery (UA), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and maternal uterine arteries (UTA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) was measured in MCA and velocity was measured in umbilical vein (UV). Statistical analysis was performed with standard nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests. Two-tailed P values <0.05 were considered statistical significance.

RESULTSOf the 102 pregnant women, 12 patients show high levels of poor mental health. Women with poor mental health have higher umbilical artery PI values than good mental health patients (P = 0.020). A higher MCA PI value is found in poor mental health patients but this does not reach statistical significance (P = 0.053). Women with hostility show lower placental scores (P = 0.030). Women with somatization demonstrate higher values in UA PI, MCA PI and MCA PSV (P = 0.049, 0.030 and 0.035 respectively). A higher MCA PSV value is also found in phobic anxiety patients (P = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONSPoor mental health during pregnancy is found to have an adverse effect on maternal-fetal circulation. Umbilical artery and fetal cerebral circulation are more sensitive and affected by maternal psychological disorder.

Adult ; Blood Flow Velocity ; physiology ; Female ; Fetus ; blood supply ; physiology ; Gestational Age ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology

Objective To understand the ‘ problem behavior' and influencing factors during job haunting of medical students and to provide guidance for students.Methods Totally 409 medical students who had graduated or were going to graduate but all having the experiences of applying for jobs were surveyed with self-made questionnaire.Likert 5 points scoring method was employed to evaluate the job hunting and SPSS 17.0 seftware was used to do statistical analysis.Results The ‘ problem behaviors' with the highest scores were conformism and comparison [(3.93 ± 0.628) and (3.80 ± 0.847) respectively)].Self factors influencing students' behavior in career choice included the capacity for self-definition (3.62 ± 0.855),personal values (3.55 ± 0.893) and legal awareness (3.51 ± 1.039).Meanwhile,the factor with the highest score was education cost (3.93 ± 0.887).Besides,influences of family expectation (3.43 ± 0.945),employment environment (3.40 ± 0.940) and college educational system (3.28 ± 1.038) were also outstanding.Conclusions Medical students'‘ problem behaviors' during job hunting are diverse and are influenced by many factors.So,we are supposed to strengthen the education and guidance from the self factors,combining the actions of school,family and society to promote medical students' employment.

To evaluate PCR-sequencing for clinical detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical cell specimens, we applied PCR-sequencing to HPV detection and genotyping by general primer PGMY09/11, which targets the HPV most conserved L1 gene. Samples with multiple infections were subjected to HPV type-specific PCR. Among the 325 cervical samples, 228 were HPV positive, of which 66 showed multiple infections. In all, 27 different HPV genotypes were identified, with HPV 16 being the most prevalent, followed by HPV 58 and 52. The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection increased with the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.05), whereas the proportion of multiple infections declined significantly from LSIL to SCC (P < 0.05). Both rates of overall and high-risk HPV infection were the highest in 21-30 age groups. There was substantial agreement between the HC2 and PCR-sequencing assay for detection of high-risk HPV (kappa = 0.675). PCR-sequencing was effective in HPV detection and genotyping, and it could be potentially applied to large scale HPV screening.
Adult ; Aged ; Cervix Uteri ; pathology ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Vaginal Smears ; Young Adult

We selected and characterized isolates of Lactobacillus crispatus (L. crispatus) for potential preventing infections of the female reproductive tract. We cultured vaginal swabs from healthy volunteers on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar and identified the isolates at the species level by 16S rRNA sequence and genotyped the isolates of Lactobacillus by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep-PCR). Furthermore, 10 L. crispatus strains were assessed for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acid production. Overall 65 isolates were confirmed to be Lactobacillus by sequence analogy, among them 19 were L. crispatus, 17 were Lactobacillus jensenii and 12 were Lactobacillus fermentum. rep-PCR produced specie and strain-specific genomic fingerprints for the Lactobacillus isolates. The selected 10 L. crispatus isolates produced highly acidic environment after growth in MRS. The isolates T22-3 and T29-5 demonstrated high production of H2O2. This study indicated that there are individual differences with vaginal Lactobacillus colonization, and strain diversity within vaginal L. crispatus isolates, T22-3 and T29-5 might be candidates for restoring urogenital health environment in females.
Adult ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Lactobacillus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Vagina ; microbiology