Objective:To establish a detection method for fatty acid composition and methoxylaniline value in pharmaceutical excipient castor oil.Methods:The detection of fatty acid composition involves pre-test of the sam-ple using the methanol sodium methylation method,followed by direct injection analysis using gas chromatography,and finally calculating the content of each fatty acid composition using the area normalization method with correction factors.The detection of methoxylaniline value is achieved by dissolving and diluting the sample with isooctane:isopropanol(8∶2,volume ratio),reacting with 4-methoxylaniline,measuring the absorbance at a wavelength of 350 nm,and calculating the methoxylaniline value.Results:Under the composition of fatty acids,the 8 kinds of fatty acids have good separation degree.The methyl ricinoleate and methyl stearate have good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-5.0 mg·mL-1.The repeatabilityand intermediate precision(RSD)ofthe determination results of each fatty acid in the sample are all less than 5%.It is also found that only α-type of linolenic acid is present in castor oil,without γ-type.In the determination of methoxyaniline value,the blank solvent does not interfere with the determination of the sample,and the repeatability RSD is 3.6%.Conclusion:The detection method for fatty acid composition and meth-oxylaniline value established in this article is accurate and reliable,and can be used for the detection of fatty acid composition and methoxylaniline value in pharmaceutical excipient castor oil.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To analyze the frailty status and its influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly individuals of Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method in the settlements of the Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province from July to December in 2022. The study enrolled a total of 1 036 middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 years and above. Data on general characteristics (including chronic disease prevalence, sleep quality, smoking and alcohol consumption) and frailty status were collected in the subjects. A total of 1 050 questionnaires were distributed, 1 040 questionnaires returned with 1 036 valid responses (98.7%). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing frailty status among different Zhiguo ethnic groups.Results:Among the 1 036 middle-aged and elderly individuals of Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, there were 482 males and 554 females, with a frailty rate of 26.25% (272/1 036), the Bulang ethnic group had the highest frailty rate (35.56%) and the Jinuo ethnic group showed the lowest (18.49%). Being aged≥60 years ( OR=1.647, 95% CI: 1.177-2.303), having≥2 chronic diseases ( OR=2.183, 95% CI: 1.470-3.245), and suffering from sleep disorders ( OR=2.468, 95% CI: 1.786-3.411) were positively associated with frailty occurrence, whereas having high social support ( OR=0.614, 95% CI: 0.434-0.867) was inversely associated with the risk of frailty (all P<0.05). Ethnic subgroup analyses revealed that suffering from sleep disorders were a common influencing factor for frailty across all Zhiguo ethnic groups (all P<0.05). In the Jinuo ethnic group, having≥2 chronic diseases showed a positive association with frailty ( OR=3.387, 95% CI: 1.054-10.879) ( P<0.05). In the Bulang subgroup, having≥2 chronic diseases ( OR=3.951, 95% CI: 1.201-12.995) and aged ≥60 years ( OR=3.415, 95% CI: 1.347-8.657) were both positively associated with frailty, while having high social support ( OR=0.185, 95% CI: 0.065-0.527) was inversely associated with the risk of frailty (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The frailty rate in middle-aged and elderly individuals among Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province is notably high, and sleep quality, social support, and chronic conditions are its main influencing factors.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among men worldwide. Early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prognosis prediction of PCa play a crucial role in improving patients' survival rates. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the utilization of deep learning (DL) algorithms, has brought about substantial progress in assisting the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of PCa. The introduction of the foundation model has revolutionized the application of AI in medical treatment and facilitated its integration into clinical practice. This review emphasizes the clinical application of AI in PCa by discussing recent advancements from both pathological and imaging perspectives. Furthermore, it explores the current challenges faced by AI in clinical applications while also considering future developments, aiming to provide a valuable point of reference for the integration of AI and clinical applications.
Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Male ; Artificial Intelligence ; Deep Learning ; Prognosis

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by impaired motility of cilia and flagella. Mutations in cilia- and flagella-associated protein 300 ( CFAP300 ) are associated with human PCD and male infertility; however, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In a consanguineous Chinese family, we identified a homozygous CFAP300 loss-of-function variant (c.304delC) in a proband presenting with classical PCD symptoms and severe sperm abnormalities, including dynein arm deficiency and acrosomal malformation, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histological analysis revealed multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in CFAP300 -mutant individual, whereas immunofluorescence demonstrated markedly reduced CFAP300 expression in the spermatozoa of the proband. Furthermore, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics showed that the CFAP300 mutation reduced key spermatogenesis proteins (e.g., sperm flagellar 2 [SPEF2], solute carrier family 25 member 31 [SLC25A31], and A-kinase anchoring protein 3 [AKAP3]) and mitochondrial ATP synthesis factors (e.g., SLC25A31, cation channel sperm-associated 3 [CATSPER3]). It also triggered abnormal increases in autophagy-related proteins and signaling mediator phosphorylation. These molecular alterations are likely to contribute to progressive deterioration of sperm ultrastructure and function. Notably, successful pregnancy was achieved via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using the proband's sperm. Overall, this study expands the known CFAP300 mutational spectrum and offers novel mechanistic insights into its role in spermatogenesis.
Humans ; Male ; Infertility, Male/pathology* ; Acrosome/pathology* ; Sperm Tail/pathology* ; Pedigree ; Spermatozoa ; Adult ; Loss of Function Mutation ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/genetics* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Female

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To analyze the frailty status and its influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly individuals of Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method in the settlements of the Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province from July to December in 2022. The study enrolled a total of 1 036 middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 years and above. Data on general characteristics (including chronic disease prevalence, sleep quality, smoking and alcohol consumption) and frailty status were collected in the subjects. A total of 1 050 questionnaires were distributed, 1 040 questionnaires returned with 1 036 valid responses (98.7%). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing frailty status among different Zhiguo ethnic groups.Results:Among the 1 036 middle-aged and elderly individuals of Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, there were 482 males and 554 females, with a frailty rate of 26.25% (272/1 036), the Bulang ethnic group had the highest frailty rate (35.56%) and the Jinuo ethnic group showed the lowest (18.49%). Being aged≥60 years ( OR=1.647, 95% CI: 1.177-2.303), having≥2 chronic diseases ( OR=2.183, 95% CI: 1.470-3.245), and suffering from sleep disorders ( OR=2.468, 95% CI: 1.786-3.411) were positively associated with frailty occurrence, whereas having high social support ( OR=0.614, 95% CI: 0.434-0.867) was inversely associated with the risk of frailty (all P<0.05). Ethnic subgroup analyses revealed that suffering from sleep disorders were a common influencing factor for frailty across all Zhiguo ethnic groups (all P<0.05). In the Jinuo ethnic group, having≥2 chronic diseases showed a positive association with frailty ( OR=3.387, 95% CI: 1.054-10.879) ( P<0.05). In the Bulang subgroup, having≥2 chronic diseases ( OR=3.951, 95% CI: 1.201-12.995) and aged ≥60 years ( OR=3.415, 95% CI: 1.347-8.657) were both positively associated with frailty, while having high social support ( OR=0.185, 95% CI: 0.065-0.527) was inversely associated with the risk of frailty (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The frailty rate in middle-aged and elderly individuals among Zhiguo ethnic groups in Yunnan Province is notably high, and sleep quality, social support, and chronic conditions are its main influencing factors.