Objective To observe the value of automated fiber quantification(AFQ)for analyzing relationships of abnormal white matter microstructures and executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods Brain diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and white matter structure AFQ analysis were prospectively performed on 83 children with ADHD(ADHD group)and 52 healthy children(healthy control[HC]group).The axial diffusivity(AD),radial diffusivity(RD),mean diffusivity(MD),and fractional anisotropy(FA)of complete fiber bundles and respective segments were obtained and compared between groups.Partial correlation analysis was conducted of fiber bundle diffusion parameters and the scores of Swanson Nolan and Pelham-Ⅳ(SNAP-Ⅳ)and behavior rating inventory of executive function(BRIEF)in ADHD group.Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to assess the efficacy of each diffusion parameter for evaluating ADHD.Results AD and MD of right anterior thalamic radiation(ATR),and AD of right cingulum bundle(CB)in ADHD group were all higher than those in HC group(FWE corrected,all P＜0.000 7).Significant differences of AD of the 54-78 segments of right ATR,MD of the 13-24 and 53-77 segments of right ATR,AD of the 24-26,53-56 and 93-97 segments of right CB,as well as MD of the 72-85 segments of left inferior longitudinal fasciculus(ILF)were found between groups(FWE corrected,all P＜0.001).In ADHD group,AD of 54-78 segments of right ATR were negatively correlated with the attention deficit scores,while of 24-26 segments of right CB were negatively correlated with the emotional control scores.MD of right ATR and some segments,AD of right CB and some segments in ADHD group were positively correlated with the scores of task initiation,planning,organization,monitoring and metacognitive index(all P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of segmental fiber bundle diffusion parameter and intact fiber bundle diffusion parameter for evaluating ADHD was 0.881 and 0.808,respectively,the former was higher than the latter(Z=2.435,P＜0.05).Conclusion AFQ could be used to analyze relationships of abnormal white matter microstructures and executive dysfunction in ADHD,which could be effectively evaluated based on specific fiber bundle segments.

Objective To analyze the imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by multimodal MRI.Methods The clinical data of 160 patients with cerebral small vessel disease admitted to our hospital from January to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether they were complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus,they were divided into the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group,with 80 cases in each group.Both groups underwent multimodal MRI scans.And the severity of lacunar infarction,the severity of subcortical and periventricular white matter lesions,white matter integral and cerebral microbleeds of patients in the two groups were compared.Results The severity of lacunar infarction(χ2=34.076,P=0.001),subcortical white matter lesions(χ2=25.000,P=0.001),periventricular white matter lesions(χ2=22.895,P=0.001)and white matter integral(t=12.370,P=0.001)of patients in the diabetic group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic group.No cerebral microbleeds were detected in either group of patients.Conclusion Patients with cerebral small vessel disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus show characteristic multimodal MRI changes.The increase in the number of lacunar infarction lesions and the aggravation of white matter lesions can be used as the characteristic imaging basis for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus related cerebral small vessel disease.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Vaccarin(Va)on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in renal fibrosis model mice through regulating STAT3,and the underlying mechanism.Methods Left ureter ligation was used to establish a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO);human kid-ney tubular epithelial(HK2)cells were induced to differentiate by transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in vitro.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes of renal tissue;kits were used to detect the levels of BUN,Cr,IL-1β and IL-7 in mouse serum;CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of Va on the viability of HK2 cells;RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in HK2 cells;Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3,p-STAT3,E-cadherin,and α-SMA proteins in renal tissue and HK2 cells;to further investigate the regulation of Va on STAT3,JAK/STAT3 pathway acti-vator RO8191 was used to treat TGF-β-induced HK2 cells,and functional loss was detected.Results Va improved the pathological damage in UUO mice,inhibi-ted the levels of BUN,Cr and inflammatory factors;Va inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3,upregulated E-cadherin,and downregulated α-SMA protein expres-sion;RO8191 counteracted the inhibitory effect of Va on the phosphorylation of STAT3.Conclusions Va inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the release of inflammatory factors,improves EMT,thus exerting an anti-renal fibrosis effect.

AIM To compare the chemical constituents in traditional decoction and formula granule decoction of classical famous prescription Wendan Decoction.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which the contents of adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,naringin,hesperidin,6-gingerol and adenosine cyclophosphate were determined,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were adopted in the investigation of component differences,and the equivalent of formula granules was adjusted.RESULTS The similarities of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of traditional decoctions were higher than those of HPLC fingerprints for 9 batches of formula granule decoctions(P＜0.01).Adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,hesperidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate demonstrated higher contents in traditional decoctions than those in formula granule decoctions(P＜0.05),6-gingerol displayed lower content than that in the latter produced by manufacturers A,C(P＜0.05),which was higher than that in the latter produced by manufacturer B(P＜0.01).Various batches of traditional decoctions and formula granule decoctions could be obviously distinguished,adenosine,synephrine and hesperidin exhibited great influences on the classification of principal component analysis,and the quality of formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturer C was closer to that of traditional decoctions.After equivalent correction,the contents of various constituents in formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturers A,C showed no significant differences as compared with those in traditional decoction(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The formula granules of Wendan Decoction from different manufacturers exist quality differences,so the preparation process and extraction process of this preparation should be optimized to improve quality,and equivalent ratio should be adjusted according to actual requirements to ensure its scientific and rational clinical application.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Vaccarin(Va)on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in renal fibrosis model mice through regulating STAT3,and the underlying mechanism.Methods Left ureter ligation was used to establish a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO);human kid-ney tubular epithelial(HK2)cells were induced to differentiate by transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in vitro.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes of renal tissue;kits were used to detect the levels of BUN,Cr,IL-1β and IL-7 in mouse serum;CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of Va on the viability of HK2 cells;RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in HK2 cells;Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3,p-STAT3,E-cadherin,and α-SMA proteins in renal tissue and HK2 cells;to further investigate the regulation of Va on STAT3,JAK/STAT3 pathway acti-vator RO8191 was used to treat TGF-β-induced HK2 cells,and functional loss was detected.Results Va improved the pathological damage in UUO mice,inhibi-ted the levels of BUN,Cr and inflammatory factors;Va inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3,upregulated E-cadherin,and downregulated α-SMA protein expres-sion;RO8191 counteracted the inhibitory effect of Va on the phosphorylation of STAT3.Conclusions Va inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the release of inflammatory factors,improves EMT,thus exerting an anti-renal fibrosis effect.

Objective:To explore the incidence status,influencing factors and short-term prognosis characteristics of early onset coronary heart disease in women in Wansheng District of Chongqing,and to provide scientific basis for formulating regional prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:This study was a single-center retrospective study,100 coronary heart disease in women from January 2022 to December 2023 at Chongqing Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone People's Hospital were prospective selected,and they were divided into early onset group of 40 cases(≤ 65 years old)and late onset group of 60 cases(＞65 years old)based on their age of onset.Another 60 healthy women who underwent physical examinations during the same period to exclude coronary heart disease were selected as the control group.Univariate factor and multiple factor logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for early onset coronary heart disease in women.Draw receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for the subjects,the efficacy of risk factors in predicting early onset coronary heart disease based on the area under the curve(AUC)of ROC curve were evaluated.Patients were followed up for 1 year to observe the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Result:Among 100 fcoronary heart disease in women,the early onset group accounted for 40.00％(40/100).Univariate analysis showed that age,hyperlipidemia history,smoking history,hypertension history,family history,diabetes history,total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were related to the early onset coronary heart disease.Multivariate analysis showed that,hyperlipidemia history(OR=4.124,95％CI:2.343-7.217),smoking history(OR=3.564),hypertension(OR=3.253),family history(OR=2.981),diabetes history(OR=2.873)were independent risk factors.ROC curve analysis results showed that joint evaluation had the best predictive value,with AUC of 0.829,which was higher than the AUC of individual evaluation for each factor.The incidence of MACE in the early onset group(45.00％)was significantly higher than that in the late onset group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Early onset coronary heart disease in women in Wansheng District of Chongqing is related to the hyperlipidemia history,smoking,hypertension history,family history and diabetes history.The incidence of MACE in early-onset patients followed up for 1 year is higher than that in late-onset patients.

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has been increasing annually.Current primary treatment strategies involve dietary modifications and increased physical activity to allevi-ate symptoms,yet there is a notable lack of targeted pharmacological interventions.Members of the micro RNA-29(miR-29)family(miR-29a,miR-29b,miR-29c)are known to play a critical regulatory role in lipid metabolism within hepatocytes;however,the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.This study aims to identify the target genes and associated signaling pathways of the miR-29 family,thereby providing potential therapeutic targets for the development of NAFLD treatments.Firstly,the human liver cell line HepG2 was utilized as a model for adipogenic induction,and miR-29a/b/c-3p mimics were indi-vidually transfected.Through methods such as Oil Red O staining and triglyceride(TG)quantification,it was observed that the miR-29 family members significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in hepatocytes(P＜0.05).Subsequently,qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to detect the expression levels of ad-ipogenic marker genes(fatty acid synthase(FAS),acetyl coa carboxylase(ACACA),stearoyl-coen-zyme a desaturase 1(Scd 1))and autophagy marker genes(sequestosome 1(SQSTM1,also known as p62),autophagy related gene 5(Atg5)),and the results indicated that the members of the miR-29 fam-ily could significantly suppress the expression of FAS,ACACA,Scd1,and p62 genes in hepatocytes,while significantly enhancing the level of the Atg5 gene.Further investigations using signaling pathway activity analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the miR-29a/b/c could suppress the mTOR signaling pathway activity and directly interact with the ten-eleven translocation 2(TET2)gene.Finally,co-transfection experiments were performed to examine the potential synergistic effects among the miR-29-3p family members,and the results demonstrated that co-transfection of miR-29 family members more effectively inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells and further suppressed the expression of the target gene TET2 compared to individual transfection.In summary,the miR-29 family members may reduce lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway via the TET2 gene,and they exhibit a positive synergistic effect.

AIM To compare the chemical constituents in traditional decoction and formula granule decoction of classical famous prescription Wendan Decoction.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which the contents of adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,naringin,hesperidin,6-gingerol and adenosine cyclophosphate were determined,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were adopted in the investigation of component differences,and the equivalent of formula granules was adjusted.RESULTS The similarities of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of traditional decoctions were higher than those of HPLC fingerprints for 9 batches of formula granule decoctions(P＜0.01).Adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,hesperidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate demonstrated higher contents in traditional decoctions than those in formula granule decoctions(P＜0.05),6-gingerol displayed lower content than that in the latter produced by manufacturers A,C(P＜0.05),which was higher than that in the latter produced by manufacturer B(P＜0.01).Various batches of traditional decoctions and formula granule decoctions could be obviously distinguished,adenosine,synephrine and hesperidin exhibited great influences on the classification of principal component analysis,and the quality of formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturer C was closer to that of traditional decoctions.After equivalent correction,the contents of various constituents in formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturers A,C showed no significant differences as compared with those in traditional decoction(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The formula granules of Wendan Decoction from different manufacturers exist quality differences,so the preparation process and extraction process of this preparation should be optimized to improve quality,and equivalent ratio should be adjusted according to actual requirements to ensure its scientific and rational clinical application.

Objective To observe the value of automated fiber quantification(AFQ)for analyzing relationships of abnormal white matter microstructures and executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods Brain diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and white matter structure AFQ analysis were prospectively performed on 83 children with ADHD(ADHD group)and 52 healthy children(healthy control[HC]group).The axial diffusivity(AD),radial diffusivity(RD),mean diffusivity(MD),and fractional anisotropy(FA)of complete fiber bundles and respective segments were obtained and compared between groups.Partial correlation analysis was conducted of fiber bundle diffusion parameters and the scores of Swanson Nolan and Pelham-Ⅳ(SNAP-Ⅳ)and behavior rating inventory of executive function(BRIEF)in ADHD group.Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to assess the efficacy of each diffusion parameter for evaluating ADHD.Results AD and MD of right anterior thalamic radiation(ATR),and AD of right cingulum bundle(CB)in ADHD group were all higher than those in HC group(FWE corrected,all P＜0.000 7).Significant differences of AD of the 54-78 segments of right ATR,MD of the 13-24 and 53-77 segments of right ATR,AD of the 24-26,53-56 and 93-97 segments of right CB,as well as MD of the 72-85 segments of left inferior longitudinal fasciculus(ILF)were found between groups(FWE corrected,all P＜0.001).In ADHD group,AD of 54-78 segments of right ATR were negatively correlated with the attention deficit scores,while of 24-26 segments of right CB were negatively correlated with the emotional control scores.MD of right ATR and some segments,AD of right CB and some segments in ADHD group were positively correlated with the scores of task initiation,planning,organization,monitoring and metacognitive index(all P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of segmental fiber bundle diffusion parameter and intact fiber bundle diffusion parameter for evaluating ADHD was 0.881 and 0.808,respectively,the former was higher than the latter(Z=2.435,P＜0.05).Conclusion AFQ could be used to analyze relationships of abnormal white matter microstructures and executive dysfunction in ADHD,which could be effectively evaluated based on specific fiber bundle segments.

ObjectiveMicrotube associated protein-2 （MAP-2）， alpha-tubulin （α-tubulin）， and synaptophysin （SYP） are important proteins in neuronal signal communication. This paper observed the effects of modified Zhigancao Tang on the expression of serum α-Synuclein （α-Syn） and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP of patients with liver and kidney deficiency of Parkinson's disease （PD）， analyzed their correlation， and evaluated the therapeutic effect of modified Zhigancao Tang in patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD based on α-Syn transmission pathway mediated by neuronal communication in vivo. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group （30 cases） and a control group （30 cases）. Both groups were treated on the basis of PD medicine， and the treatment group was treated with modified Zhigancao Tang. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The changes in UPDRS score， TCM syndrome score， and expression of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP were observed before and after 12 weeks of treatment in each group. The correlation between the above-mentioned serum biological indexes and the levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers was analyzed. ResultsAfter treatment， the TCM syndrome score， UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ score of the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ scores in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， the total effective rate of the control group was 63.3% （19/30）， and that of the treatment group was 86.7% （26/30）. The clinical effect of the observation group was better than the control group （Z=-2.03， P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=5.136， P<0.05）. After treatment， the oligomer level of serum α-Syn and MAP-2 level in the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， as well as α-tubulin in the treatment group， were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum α-Syn was correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-Syn oligomer in patients with PD （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP . Serum α-Syn oligomers of patients with PD were correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-tubulin （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP level. Serum SYP of patients with PD was correlated with serum MAP-2 （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Zhigancao Tang has a therapeutic effect on patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD by inhibiting the production of α-Syn oligomers and intervening α-Syn microtubule transport pathway in vivo.