With the accelerating aging of the population, the proportion of elderly patients with lung cancer continues to rise, presenting multiple challenges to perioperative management. This paper systematically reviews the clinical characteristics of elderly lung cancer patients. Based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment, it proposes incorporating seven major geriatric syndromes—frailty, delirium, sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, dysphagia, and mood disorders—into the core evaluation system. By integrating multimorbidity management with complication prevention and control, an integrated "geriatric syndrome-multimorbidity-complication" perioperative management model is constructed. Furthermore, this paper outlines stratified intervention strategies for geriatric syndromes, a "five-step" workflow for comorbidity management, and a comprehensive intervention pathway for complications across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration serves as the core mechanism to achieve individualized comprehensive treatment. This paper aims to provide a novel perioperative comprehensive treatment model for elderly lung cancer patients, which is centered on geriatrics, supported by multidisciplinary collaboration, and guided by precision medicine.

With the rapid advancement of medical technology and the increasing complexity of clinical environments, competence in clinical ethical decision-making has become an indispensable core competency for exemplary physicians. However, traditional medical ethics education has long been confronted with the persistent challenges of theory-practice dissociation and the disconnect between pedagogical settings and clinical realities. Thus, how to construct a "Clinical Ethics" curriculum that aligns with the objectives of training high-caliber medical professionals has emerged as a critical and challenging issue in current medical education reform. To effectively address this challenge, the Office of Education at Peking University Third Hospital, since 2021, has assembled a multidisciplinary "Clinical Ethics" teaching and management team comprising faculty from Peking University School of Humanities and key clinical specialists from the hospital. In 2022, the "Clinical Ethics" elective course was formally launched for fourth-year students in the eight-year MD program who had completed coursework in "Medical Ethics" and organ-system-based curricula, with the aim of exploring and operationalizing a pre-clinical ethics education model tailored for senior medical students. The course employs a modular instructional design encompassing "theoretical review-case-based deliberation-clinical workshop", which effectively facilitates the deep integration of medical humanities with clinical practice.Following four years of iterative refinement through the "plan-act-observe-reflect" cycle, the course has demonstrated positive outcomes in enhancing students' ethical awareness and decision-making capabilities, and has preliminarily established a sustainable collaborative mechanism among the multidisciplinary faculty team. This article systematically delineates the course development background, pedagogical model and methodological innovations, and the multidisciplinary collaborative framework, alongside reflections and summaries based on implementation outcomes, with the intent of providing references for the future development of "Clinical Ethics" curricula.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs. However, the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous. To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma, we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care. We extracted data on scale characteristics, domains, frequency, and psychometric properties. Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS: Of the 3,405 records initially identified, 72 studies were included. These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times. Mood (21.7%), quality of life (24.4%), and supportive care needs (5.2%) assessments were the most frequently assessed items, exceeding half of all scale applications. Among the various assessment dimensions, the Distress Thermometer (DT) was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood, while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was the most common tool for cognitive assessment. Performance status (5.2%) and social support (6.8%) were underrepresented. Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified. Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant heterogeneity, domain imbalances, and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care. The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
Humans ; Glioma/psychology* ; Palliative Care/methods* ; Quality of Life ; Psychometrics ; Brain Neoplasms/psychology*

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Objective To explore the correlation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types with endoscopic features and pathological types of gastric polyps.Methods A total of 1 746 patients with gastric polyps admitted to the Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases,Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled.The clinical data of the patients were collected,including gender,age,information obtained by four diagnostic methods of TCM,and pathological types and predilection sites of gastric polyps as well as their number and size.The distribution of TCM syndromes in the patients with gastric polyps and their correlation with endoscopic features and pathological types of the polyps were analyzed.Results(1)Of the 1 746 patients,1 107(63.40%)were female and 639(36.60%)were male,with the male to female ratio being 1∶1.73.The incidence of gastric polyps was positively correlated with the age(P＜0.01):the older the age,the higher the incidence rate.The middle-aged and elderly people were the predilection population for gastric polyps,and the patients aged over 40 years old accounted for 87.40%.(2)The TCM syndrome types of patients with gastric polyps were predominated by spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome(418 cases,23.94%),and then came cold-damp obstruction syndrome(394 cases,22.57%),damp-heat in the spleen and stomach syndrome(353 cases,20.22%),qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction syndrome(311 cases,17.81%)and phlegm blended with blood stasis syndrome(70 cases,15.46%).(3)There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of TCM syndromes between the genders(P＜0.01):spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome,cold-damp obstruction syndrome,qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction syndrome and phlegm blended with blood stasis syndrome were more common in the female,while damp-heat in the spleen and stomach syndrome was more common in the male.The distribution of TCM syndromes varied in different age groups(P＜0.01):patients aged over 30 years old were more likely to suffer spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome,patients aged 30-39 and 40-49 years old were more likely to suffer damp-heat in the spleen and stomach syndrome,patients aged 50-59 years old were more likely to suffer qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction syndrome,and patients aged 60 years old or above were more likely to suffer cold-damp obstruction syndrome.(4)The pathological types of gastric polyps were predominated by fundus gland polyps(1 327 cases,76.00%),followed by hyperplastic polyps(266 cases,15.23%),inflammatory polyps(146 cases,8.36%),and adenomatous polyps(7 cases,0.40%).There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of TCM syndromes among various pathological types(P＜0.01):fundus gland polyps were common in the patients with spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome,hyperplastic polyps were common in the patients with qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction syndrome,inflammatory polyps were common in the patients with cold-damp obstruction syndrome,and adenomatous polyps were common in the patients with phlegm blended with blood stasis syndrome.(5)Gastric polyps were characterized by multiple polyps(1 120 cases,64.15%),single polyp was rare(626 cases,35.85%).The distribution of TCM syndromes varied in the patients with different number of polyps(P＜0.05):patients with multiple polyps were predominated by spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome(25.45%),patients with single polyp were predominated by damp-heat in the spleen and stomach syndrome(24.28%).(6)Gastric polyps frequently appeared in the gastric body and gastric fundus,with the diameter being or less than 0.5 cm.And the differences of the distribution of TCM syndromes in the patients with various favored sites and polyp size were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion TCM syndrome types of patients with gastric polyps are correlated with gender and age of the patients and with the pathological types and number of gastric polyps.The incidence is positively correlated with the age,and middle-aged and elderly people are the predilection population of gastric polyps.The female incidence is significantly higher than that of the male,and damp-heat in the spleen and stomach syndrome is more common in the male while the rest of syndrome types are more common in the female.The patients with gastric fundus gland polyps usually suffer spleen-stomach qi deficiency syndrome,patients with hyperplastic polyps usually suffer qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction syndrome,patients with inflammatory polyps usually suffer cold-damp obstruction syndrome,and patients with adenomatous polyps usually suffer phlegm blended with blood stasis syndrome.

The lingnan liver-soothing and spirit-regulating acupuncture and moxibustion technique,developed by Professor FU Wen-Bin,a renowned traditional Chinese medicine expert in Guangdong Province,represents an innovative achievement in acupuncture therapy for depression-related disorders.Drawing upon the rich legacy of master scholars,meticulous study of medical literature,and over three decades of continuous research and innovation,Professor FU has formulated this technique with profound influence and widespread application.By tracing the developmental trajectory of the Lingnan liver-soothing and spirit-regulating technique,this paper sheds light on its significant guiding principles and reference value for the development of other distinctive acupuncture techniques.Furthermore,it offers insights and inspiration for advancement in various fields of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective Naturally,Aedes albopictus carries both the A and B supergroups of Wolbachia strains,which are symbiotic bacteria that can influence the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases by inhibiting the ability of their host to transmit viruses or by reducing the population density of their host,and the strength of this effect is closely related to its density in host cells.In this study,an accurate qPCR-based method for detecting Wolbachia genotype and density in mosquitoes was established.Methods The wsp gene of Wolbachia carried by Ae.albopictus was cloned and sequenced,and specific primers for the non-conserved regions of the w AlbA and w AlbB wsp genes were designed.Results The application of this method showed great sensitivity and specificity.The primers did not cross-react between the two Wolbachia supergroups.Further,with this method,it was possible to detect decreases in Wolbachia density in host cells following treatment with tetracycline at different concentrations,and the optimal tetracycline treatment concentration was determined to be 0.1 mg/mL.Conclusion This method can provide technical supports for studies of the effects of Wolbachia on physiological reproduction and innate immunity in mosquitoes.