Objective : To investigate the status of electronic cigarette use and its influencing factors among residents aged ≥15 years in Chengdu City in 2021 and 2024, so as to provide the evidence for optimizing electronic cigarette control strategies. Methods: Two rounds of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2021 and 2024. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged ≥15 years in Chengdu City as survey subjects. The Chinese Adult Tobacco Survey Questionnaire was used to collect information on gender, age, and electronic cigarette use. Complex sampling weighting was used to calculate the rate of electronic cigarette use and the proportion of reasons for electronic cigarette use. A complex sampling multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for electronic cigarette use. Results: A total of 7 950 and 6 920 people were surveyed in 2021 and 2024, respectively, including 3 868 and 3 653 males (48.65% and 52.79%), and 4 082 and 3 267 females (51.35% and 47.21%), respectively. The rate of electronic cigarette use in 2024 was lower than in 2021 (2.29% vs. 3.15%, P<0.05). In 2024, the rates of electronic cigarette use were lower in males, rural areas, people aged 15-<45 years, educational level of bachelor' s degree or above, occupation in government/public institutions or occupation in enterprises/commercial/service industries, and current smokers compared with 2021, while the rate of electronic cigarette use was higher in residents aged ≥65 years compared with 2021 (all P<0.05). In 2021 and 2024, the main reasons for electronic cigarette use were smoking cessation and the belief that electronic cigarettes are less harmful. Smoking cessation accounted for 27.78% and 23.28%, and the belief that electronic cigarettes are less harmful accounted for 24.26% and 22.10%, respectively. Complex sampling multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (15-<25 years, OR=15.682, 95%CI: 5.660-43.450; 25-<45 years, OR=7.463, 95%CI: 2.987-18.647; 45-<65 years, OR=3.425, 95%CI: 1.562-7.510), educational level (bachelor' s degree or above, OR=2.916, 95%CI: 1.444-5.891), and smoking (current, OR=23.992, 95%CI: 8.182-70.353; former, OR=20.393, 95%CI: 6.150-67.624) were influencing factors for electronic cigarette use in 2021. Gender (male, OR=2.279, 95%CI: 1.074-4.832), age (25-<45 years, OR=2.114, 95%CI: 1.148-3.892), educational level (high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=2.792, 95%CI: 1.414-5.514; bachelor' s degree or above, OR=3.321, 95%CI: 1.567-7.039), occupation (unemployed, retired, and retired, OR=0.449, 95%CI: 0.226-0.892), and smoking (current, OR=10.547, 95%CI: 5.563-19.994; former, OR=8.998, 95%CI: 3.833-21.125) were influencing factors for electronic cigarette use in 2024. Conclusions Compared with 2021, the rate of electronic cigarette use among residents in Chengdu City decreased in 2024. Young people, males, bachelor' s degree or above, and current smokers are the key populations for electronic cigarette control. The cognitive bias held by residents that electronic cigarette can aid in smoking cessation and pose minimal harm needs to be corrected.

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices in pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of bleeding, and the causes of perioperative anemia and coagulation disorders in neonates and children are complex and varied, often necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood components. This guideline provides direction and recommendations for specific measures in blood management for children undergoing cardiac surgery before, during, and after surgery. This article interprets the background and evidence for the formulation of the blood transfusion provisions for children undergoing cardiac surgery, hoping to facilitate the understanding and implementation of this guideline.
Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Practice Guidelines as Topic