Background Prenatal chronic psychological stress may increase the risk of allergic diseases in children, and eczema is the most common allergic disease in children, the pathogenesis of which is not yet fully understood. Objective To preliminarily clarify the changes in offspring intestinal flora after chronic stress exposure during pregnancy in rats that increases offspring immune imbalance and eczema susceptibility. Methods Thirty SPF-grade adult female SD rats were selected and randomly divided into a model group and a control group (n=15). Sixteen male rats were randomly divided into a model mating group and a control mating group (n=8). A 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model during pregnancy was established. On the 7th day of stress, male and female rats were caged in a ratio of 3:1. Blood samples were collected from female rats in each group via angular vein on the 1st day before stress, and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after stress. The content of plasma corticosterone during pregnancy was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the offspring rats, an eczema model was constructed using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The number of scratching times of the offspring rats within 5 min was recorded. The offspring rats were divided into 4 groups: DNCB-CUMS group (MM), DNCB-control group (MC), solvent control-CUMS group (CM), and blank control group (CC), with 8 rats in each group. The eczema was induced once every 3 days, and the induction period was 12 d. The expression level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum of offspring rats after the eczema induction experiment were determined by ELISA. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the serum were quantified by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in the feces of offspring rats were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Results The plasma corticosterone concentrations in the model group were higher than those in the control group on the 7th and 21st days of stress (P<0.05). On the 14th and 21st days of stress, the 1% sucrose preference percentages of female rats in the model group were lower than that in the control group. On the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of stress, the horizontal movement scores of female rats in the model group and the vertical movement scores on the 7th and 14th days were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 6, 9, and 12 d of model building, the scratching frequencies in the MC group and MM group were significantly higher than those in the CC group and CM group (P<0.05). Moreover, there were differences in the contents of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and IgE among the offspring rat groups (P<0.05). The CM group and MM group led to an increase in the contents of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and IgE cytokines (P<0.05), while the MM group caused a decrease in the contents of IFN-γ and IL-2 (P<0.05). After the eczema induction experiment, the α-diversity analysis showed that the Simpson index and Shannon index in the CM were higher than those in the CC (P<0.05), indicating that CUMS during the pregnancy of female rats could increase the species abundance of their offspring. The abundances of Prevotella and Lactobacillus in the CM group decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Intestinal dysbiosis in offspring due to chronic prenatal psychological stress, which may be one of the mechanisms linking maternal stress to immune imbalance and increased susceptibility to eczema in offspring.

AIM: To explore the clinical effect of atomization fumigation of self-formulated Zhibai Dihuang Decoction in the treatment of dry eye syndrome after diabetic cataract(DC)surgery with Yin deficiency and dry heat pattern.METHODS: This study is a prospective controlled study. From February 2022 to June 2024, 80 patients(97 eyes)with Yin deficiency and dry heat type DC postoperative dry eye who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital were selected. They were randomly divided into an observation group of 40 cases(49 eyes)and a control group of 40 cases(48 eyes)using a random number table method. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the observation group was treated with a combination of atomization fumigation of self-formulated Zhibai Dihuang Decoction on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, subjective symptom scores, visual indicators [tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer's test(SIt), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)], tear inflammatory factors [interleukin-1 β(IL-1β), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), lipid peroxidation(LPO)], and safety between the two groups.RESULTS: The improvement rate of the observation group was 96%, which was higher than that of the control group(79%, P<0.05). After treatment, the 4 subjective symptom scores in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the subjective symptom scores of ocular dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, and photophobia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05). After treatment, BUT and SIt in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and FL was lower than that before treatment, with the observation group having higher BUT and SIt and lower FL than the control group(all P<0.05). After treatment, IL-1β, MCP-1, and LPO in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group had lower levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and LPO than the control group(all P<0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in either group.CONCLUSION: The atomization and fumigation of self-formulated Zhibai Dihuang Decoction is significantly effective in treating dry eye syndrome after DC surgery with Yin deficiency and dry heat pattern. It can effectively reduce subjective symptom scores, improve visual indicators and tear inflammatory factors, and has a high level of safety.

This paper reviews the definition and current situation of virtual reality, the application conditions, intervention mechanisms, effectiveness evaluation indicators, application forms and effects, shortcomings and prospects of virtual reality intervention in smoking cessation, in order to provide guidance and basis for the clinical practice and nursing of virtual reality intervention in smoking cessation in China.

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.

This study was aimed at investigating the pathogenic and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)in fecal samples of diarrhea cases in a district of Beijing.Fecal samples from diarrhea cases in an outpatient department in a district of Beijing from 2018 to 2021 were collected,and used for isolation and culture of KP.The KP strains isolated strains were subjected to drug resistance phenotype testing and whole-genome sequencing.Multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome phyletic evolution analysis were performed on the sequencing results.The cases'epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed.From 2018 to 2021,1 103 fecal samples were collected and detected.The total detection rate of KP was 10.43％(115/1 103),and the infection rate of KP mixed with other diarrhea-causing pathogens was 42.61％(49/115).The positivity rate was slightly high(12.47％,61/489)a-mong females and was highest in young adults 16-45 years of age.Small peaks were observed in January,April to May,and August to September.The gastrointestinal symptoms in cases were mainly nausea and watery stool,and the suspicious food was unknown.Ampicillin,tetracycline,and sulfafurazole were the top three antibiotics to which these 115 KP strains showed resistance,and 29 strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics.The strains were divided into 72 sequence types,among which ST23 was dominant.According to the phylogenetic tree,the strains were divided into four main branches,among which 14 ST23 strains had a very close genetic relationship with the highly virulent NTUH-K2044 reference strain.KP infection persisted in fecal samples from diarrhea cases in the district of Beijing.Women and young adults were particularly susceptible.The drug resistance of KP strains in this region was very serious,and the ST types were diverse.Moreover,the ST23 pathogenic strains were closely related to high virulence strains.

In order to meet the market demand for the fast and accurate genetic detection of African swine fever virus(ASFV),a new method for EIS-qPCR detection was established with a rapid,high sensitivity,and pollution prevention.Primers and probes for a duplex qPCR were designed based on the conserved region of ASFV virus p72 gene and the endogenous internal standard(EIS)cytb gene sequence in pigs.An anti-contamination system was established with uracil DNA N-gly-cosylase enzyme in the reaction system.The results showed that the method can finish the rapid qPCR detection of ASFV within 30 min with a minimal detection limit of 4.12 copies/μL.Moreo-ver,the method only detected the ASFV p72 gene,and no amplifications of classical swine fever vi-rus(CSFV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine parvo virus(PPV),porcine reproductive and re-spiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)and porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)were observed.Repeti-tive results showed a coefficient of variation below 2％.With strong anti-pollution capacity,the method can effectively eliminate false-positive amplification caused by low-dose aerosol pollution.Detection results of 146 clinical samples showed a 100％consistence with the results of the com-mercial ASFV detection kit.Compared with similar technologies,the EIS-qPCR established in this study was faster,sensitive,and suitable for the rapid diagnosis of ASFV infection in the early stage,which provided the tool for the monitoring and precise prevention and control of African swine fever.

Lung-brain interaction refers to the complex physiological and pathological processes in which the lungs and brain influence and regulate each other through various mechanisms. This process works on the complex network between the lung and brain through multiple levels such as nerve, immune, microbial, metabolic, and gas pathways, and affects development of the diseases. This article aims to provide new ideas and methods for prevention and treatment of related lung and brain diseases, as well as references for subsequent research and clinical practice, by reviewing the physiological and pathological mechanisms of neural pathway, immune pathway, and microbial, metabolic and gas pathways in lung brain interaction.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profiles and colorectal adenomas,and to benefit the prevention of colorectal cancer.Methods This study retrospectively analyzes the serum lipid profiles and clinical parameters of 2,960 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal adenomas,and 3,156 individuals without colorectal adenomas in Meizhou People's Hospital from May 2018 to May 2020.The association between serum lipid profiles and colorectal adenoma was evaluated by Logistic regression analysis.Results It was observed that the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and apoliprotein B(ApoB)were significantly elevated in patients with colorectal adenomas.Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in adenoma cases than in controls.The Logistic regression analysis suggested that serum TC and TG levels were positively associated with the occurrence of colorectal adenomas.Conclusion Elevated serum TG and TC levels are independent risk factors for adenoma,and adenoma patients with elevated serum TG and TC levels may be more likely to develop high-risk adenoma.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of colon polypectomy in patients taking antithrombotic drugs.Methods Polyps treated with endoscopic polypectomy at the Department of Gastroenterology,Fu Wai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,from August 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed for the site of polyp,postoperative delayed hemorrhage,perforation,and the completeness of resection,specimen retrieval,and the occurrence of postoperative ischemic events.Results A total of 103 polyps were included in the study,which were divided into two groups according to whether the diameter of the polyp was＞10 mm(87 cases in the small polyp group vs 16 cases in the large polyp group),and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the site of the polyp,its morphology,the type of antithrombotic drug taken,the rate of curative resection,the rate of postoperative hemorrhagic events,and the incidence of postoperative ischemic events;the large polyp group chose more often to undergo EMR treatment(small polyp group vs.large polyp group,4.6％vs.45.5％,P=0.004);postoperative pathology was more adenomatous polyps in the large polyp group(small polyp group vs.large polyp group,77.0％vs.93.8％,P=0.027).Conclusion Endoscopic polypectomy can be used safely and effectively in patients taking antithrombotic drugs.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib for the treatment of newly treated and relapsed refractory (R/R) lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) /Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia (WM) .Methods:Retrospectively collected clinical data of 98 cases of newly treated and R/R LPL/WM patients who received ibrutinib treatment at the Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to June 2023, and analyzed their efficacy and safety.Results:A total of 98 LPL/WM patients were included, which consisted of 45 newly treated patients and 53 R/R patients. Of these, 74 were males (75.5%) and the cohort had a median age of 64 (42-87) years. Eighty-eight patients were eligible for efficacy evaluation with a median treatment time of 20.8 (2.1-55.0) months, a major remission rate (MRR) of 78.4%, and an overall response rate (ORR) of 85.2%. The MRR and ORR of the newly treated patients were 78.4% and 86.5%, respectively, whereas the MRR and ORR of the R/R patients were 78.4% and 84.3%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in MRR and ORR between the initial treatment and R/R patients (all P values >0.05) . The median follow-up period was 29.1 (2.9-50.3) months and the median overall survival time for newly treated and R/R patients was not reached. The median progression-free survival time was 23.5 (95% CI 10.5-36.5) months and 45.0 (95% CI 34.0-56.0) months, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (all P values >0.05) . There were 25 deceased patients and no deaths were related to ibrutinib treatment. The main adverse reactions of ibrutinib were thrombocytopenia (5.1%) , pneumonia (8.1%) , and hyperuricemia (21.4%) . The incidence of atrial fibrillation was 2.0%. Conclusion:Ibrutinib exhibits good efficacy and safety for newly treated and R/R LPL/WM patients.