Abstract In April 2021, type Ⅰ vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) was detected from two fecal samples of a male infant with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Zhejiang Province when he was admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, with 12 and 14 nucleotide mutations in the VP1 region, respectively. The case had a history of immunization with three doses of poliovirus vaccines, and grade Ⅲ proximal muscle strength and grade Ⅱ distal muscle strength of the right lower limb. After symptomatic treatment, the activity of the right lower limb and the muscle strength was significantly restored, thus he was discharged. VDPV was not detected from subsequent (the 8th to 12th) fecal samples of the case and fecal samples of close contacts. No similar cases were found in medical institutions in the county, surrounding areas, neighboring villages or towns. Since the case did not exhibit clinical symptoms of poliomyelitis caused by VDPV, poliomyelitis was excluded, and the case was diagnosed with hemophilia type A based on the epidemiological investigation, laboratory tests, and the history of poliomyelitis vaccination. This event involved cross-provincial (municipal) cooperation and was responsed promptly, preventing further spread of the virus. It suggested that the sensitivity of the AFP case surveillance system should be maintained, environmental monitoring methods should be increased, and the poliomyelitis vaccination should be promoted to prevent the spread of the virus.

Objective To compare the node strength in white matter networks between depressive disorder and bipolar depression patients,analyze structural connectivity impairments across brain regions,and assess their diagnostic utility.Methods This longitudinal study initially enrolled 91 patients with a baseline diagnosis of depressive episode.All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging at recruitment and white matter structural weighted networks were constructed using deterministic fiber tracking.After≥9 years of naturalistic follow-up,23 patients who maintained a diagnosis of major depressive disorder(MDD group)and 18 patients who maintained a diagnosis of bipolar disorder(BD group),while 30 demographically matched healthy controls(HC group)were included for comparison.The differences in nodal connection strength within the brain white matter networks among the three groups were compared.Furthermore,the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic value of the differential brain regions in distinguishing between MDD and BD.Results In the left anterior cingulate gyrus,the node strength was lower in the BD than in the MDD group(3.89±0.76 vs.4.74±0.60).However,the node strength in the right caudate nucleus(4.94±1.26 vs.3.46±0.99)and right globus pallidus(1.98±0.67 vs.1.25±0.29)was higher in the BD than in the MDD group(P<0.01,FWE-corrected).The combined connectivity strengths of three brain regions—the left anterior cingulate gyrus,right caudate nucleus and right globus pallidus—were used to differentiate between MDD and BD,and an ROC curve was plotted,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.95(95%CI:0.91～0.99;P<0.001).The sensitivity and the specificity were 0.89 and 0.87,respectively.Conclusion The differences in node strength between patient groups may serve as a potential neuroimaging biomarker.Integration of node connectivity strengths from these differential brain regions can achieve superior discrimination accuracy.

Intestinal fibrosis is a significant clinical challenge in inflammatory bowel diseases, but no effective anti-fibrotic therapy is currently available. Glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) are both peptide hormone receptors involved in energy metabolism of epithelial cells. However, their role in intestinal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein GCGR and GLP1R were found to be reduced in the stenotic ileum of patients with Crohn's disease as well as in the fibrotic colon of mice with chronic colitis. The downregulation of GCGR and GLP1R led to the accumulation of the metabolic byproduct lactate, resulting in histone H3K9 lactylation and exacerbated intestinal fibrosis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dual activating GCGR and GLP1R by peptide 1907B reduced the H3K9 lactylation in epithelial cells and ameliorated intestinal fibrosis in vivo. We uncovered the role of GCGR/GLP1R in regulating EMT involved in intestinal fibrosis via histone lactylation. Simultaneously activating GCGR/GLP1R with the novel dual agonist peptide 1907B holds promise as a treatment strategy for alleviating intestinal fibrosis.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of throat swab samples for detecting community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARV) in patients with hematological diseases.Methods:Clinical and laboratory data from 64 episodes involving patients with hematological diseases and suspected infections—who underwent both pharyngeal swab tNGS and CARV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing concurrently—were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were drawn from the Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, between September 2023 and April 2024. Concordance between tNGS and CARV PCR results, as well as the diagnostic performance of tNGS in detecting CARV, were evaluated.Results:Among the 64 episodes, 29 were clinically diagnosed with respiratory tract infections, including one case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia and 28 CARV-positive cases. The remaining 35 episodes involved patients with fever or respiratory symptoms attributed to other causes, including 14 with extrapulmonary infections and 21 with noninfectious etiologies. The median follow-up duration was 215.5 days (range: 7-271 days). PCR detected 24 strains of seven CARV types, whereas tNGS detected 25 strains of eight CARV types. Using PCR results as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of tNGS were 85.0%, 88.6%, 77.3%, 92.9%, and 87.5%, respectively. The two methods showed good concordance (Kappa=0.717, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Pharyngeal swab tNGS may serve as a viable alternative to PCR for diagnosing CARV infections in patients with hematological diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological protective effect of a booster dose of acellular DTP vaccine (DTaP) against pertussis in 6-year-old children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the incidence of pertussis in 6-year-old children who received DTaP versus DT vaccine boosters in 2023 over a two-year period from May 2023 to May 2025. The protective effect of the fifth dose of DTaP against pertussis in 6-year-old children was evaluated.Results:A total of 960 participants were enrolled in this study, including 480 children in the experimental group who received the fifth dose of DTaP vaccine and 480 children in the control group who received the DT vaccine booster. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups. There were six confirmed cases of pertussis in the experimental group, with a reported incidence rate of 1.25%. In the control group, 14 pertussis cases were reported, with a reported incidence rate of 2.92%. The protective effectiveness(VE) of the DTaP vaccine against pertussis was 57.14% (95% CI:-10.59%-83.39%). For 6-year-old children who completed the booster immunization, the incidence data of pertussis were collected from the 14 th day after vaccination (i.e., the study day 0). Based on the annual cumulative incidence rate, the VE of DTaP against pertussis at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after vaccination was 100%, 63.80% (95% CI:-14.49%-88.55%), 64.59% (95% CI: 1.17%-87.31%), and 57.60% (95% CI:-10.80%-83.78%), respectively. In the DTaP group, the annual cumulative incidence rate of 12 to 24 months did not show a significant upward or downward trend ( Z=-0.995, P=0.320). Conclusion:Boosting 6-year-old children with the DTaP vaccine provides measurable protection against pertussis. The protective efficacy is significant in the early stage (0 to 6 months) after vaccination, and it still remains effective at 12 to 24 months.

Nitrofurantoin(NFT)is a nitrofuran antibiotic commonly used as a veterinary drug to treat bacterial infections in animals.However,due to the low solubility and bioaccumulation properties,NFT is prone to leave excessive residues in animal-derived foods and water systems,posing serious threats to human health and ecosystems.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop an efficient and rapid detection method for NFT.In this work,nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials with unique bowl-like structures(N-CNBs)were synthesized via a hydrothermal-carbonization method.The morphology,surface structure,and specific surface area of N-CNBs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The N-CNB modified glassy carbon electrode(N-CNB/GCE)was prepared,and the electrochemical test revealed that the N-CNB/GCE exhibited higher conductivity and larger electrochemical active surface area compared to bare GCE and nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanosphere-modified electrode(N-HCNS/GCE).Additionally,the N-CNB/GCE demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity toward NFT.An NFT electrochemical sensor was constructed based on N-CNB/GCE.The detection conditions of the sensor were optimized,and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV)was employed for NFT detection under optimal experimental conditions.The established NFT electrochemical sensor had a wide linear range of 0.4-500 μmol/L,a low detection limit(S/N=3)of 0.015 μmol/L and high selectivity,with excellent stability and reproducibility.The practical feasibility of this sensor was confirmed by analysis of NFT in milk and tap water samples,with spiked recoveries ranging from 94.2%to 108.9%.

Objective To compare the node strength in white matter networks between depressive disorder and bipolar depression patients,analyze structural connectivity impairments across brain regions,and assess their diagnostic utility.Methods This longitudinal study initially enrolled 91 patients with a baseline diagnosis of depressive episode.All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging at recruitment and white matter structural weighted networks were constructed using deterministic fiber tracking.After≥9 years of naturalistic follow-up,23 patients who maintained a diagnosis of major depressive disorder(MDD group)and 18 patients who maintained a diagnosis of bipolar disorder(BD group),while 30 demographically matched healthy controls(HC group)were included for comparison.The differences in nodal connection strength within the brain white matter networks among the three groups were compared.Furthermore,the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic value of the differential brain regions in distinguishing between MDD and BD.Results In the left anterior cingulate gyrus,the node strength was lower in the BD than in the MDD group(3.89±0.76 vs.4.74±0.60).However,the node strength in the right caudate nucleus(4.94±1.26 vs.3.46±0.99)and right globus pallidus(1.98±0.67 vs.1.25±0.29)was higher in the BD than in the MDD group(P<0.01,FWE-corrected).The combined connectivity strengths of three brain regions—the left anterior cingulate gyrus,right caudate nucleus and right globus pallidus—were used to differentiate between MDD and BD,and an ROC curve was plotted,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.95(95%CI:0.91～0.99;P<0.001).The sensitivity and the specificity were 0.89 and 0.87,respectively.Conclusion The differences in node strength between patient groups may serve as a potential neuroimaging biomarker.Integration of node connectivity strengths from these differential brain regions can achieve superior discrimination accuracy.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of throat swab samples for detecting community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARV) in patients with hematological diseases.Methods:Clinical and laboratory data from 64 episodes involving patients with hematological diseases and suspected infections—who underwent both pharyngeal swab tNGS and CARV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing concurrently—were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were drawn from the Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, between September 2023 and April 2024. Concordance between tNGS and CARV PCR results, as well as the diagnostic performance of tNGS in detecting CARV, were evaluated.Results:Among the 64 episodes, 29 were clinically diagnosed with respiratory tract infections, including one case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia and 28 CARV-positive cases. The remaining 35 episodes involved patients with fever or respiratory symptoms attributed to other causes, including 14 with extrapulmonary infections and 21 with noninfectious etiologies. The median follow-up duration was 215.5 days (range: 7-271 days). PCR detected 24 strains of seven CARV types, whereas tNGS detected 25 strains of eight CARV types. Using PCR results as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of tNGS were 85.0%, 88.6%, 77.3%, 92.9%, and 87.5%, respectively. The two methods showed good concordance (Kappa=0.717, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Pharyngeal swab tNGS may serve as a viable alternative to PCR for diagnosing CARV infections in patients with hematological diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological protective effect of a booster dose of acellular DTP vaccine (DTaP) against pertussis in 6-year-old children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the incidence of pertussis in 6-year-old children who received DTaP versus DT vaccine boosters in 2023 over a two-year period from May 2023 to May 2025. The protective effect of the fifth dose of DTaP against pertussis in 6-year-old children was evaluated.Results:A total of 960 participants were enrolled in this study, including 480 children in the experimental group who received the fifth dose of DTaP vaccine and 480 children in the control group who received the DT vaccine booster. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups. There were six confirmed cases of pertussis in the experimental group, with a reported incidence rate of 1.25%. In the control group, 14 pertussis cases were reported, with a reported incidence rate of 2.92%. The protective effectiveness(VE) of the DTaP vaccine against pertussis was 57.14% (95% CI:-10.59%-83.39%). For 6-year-old children who completed the booster immunization, the incidence data of pertussis were collected from the 14 th day after vaccination (i.e., the study day 0). Based on the annual cumulative incidence rate, the VE of DTaP against pertussis at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after vaccination was 100%, 63.80% (95% CI:-14.49%-88.55%), 64.59% (95% CI: 1.17%-87.31%), and 57.60% (95% CI:-10.80%-83.78%), respectively. In the DTaP group, the annual cumulative incidence rate of 12 to 24 months did not show a significant upward or downward trend ( Z=-0.995, P=0.320). Conclusion:Boosting 6-year-old children with the DTaP vaccine provides measurable protection against pertussis. The protective efficacy is significant in the early stage (0 to 6 months) after vaccination, and it still remains effective at 12 to 24 months.

Objective: To analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the construction on intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide countermeasures for promoting the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province. Methods: By reviewing the annual reports of Zhejiang immunization planning, survey data from Zhejiang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Immunization Intelligent Service System, data of human resources of immunization planning, vaccine procurement, construction progress of intelligent vaccination clinics and vaccination were collected. The relevant literature was searched to gather information on the construction standards and norms of intelligent vaccination clinics. The analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics was conducted, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. Results: The National Immunization Program reported vaccine rate in Zhejiang Province is more than 99%, and standardized vaccination clinics have been popularized throughout the province. The vaccination staff are professional, and a province-wide intelligent immunization service information system has been established, providing the resources and conditions for the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics. However, there are problems such as low data quality and matching efficiency in vaccination, insufficient data interoperability and sharing, unbalanced regional capabilities in intelligent transformation, and uneven distribution of talent and resources. It is crucial to seize the opportunities presented by the development of big data and artificial intelligence, rely on the regional development of the Internet and health industry, seize the opportunity of rapid growth in demand for intelligent vaccination services and high public acceptance, accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics, and establish intelligent vaccination service standards as soon as possible. Conclusion We should seize the opportunities presented by the digital reform and development, fully utilize the existing vaccination resources and strengths, address the shortcomings, and accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province.