AIM: To explore the clinical effect of atomization fumigation of self-formulated Zhibai Dihuang Decoction in the treatment of dry eye syndrome after diabetic cataract(DC)surgery with Yin deficiency and dry heat pattern.METHODS: This study is a prospective controlled study. From February 2022 to June 2024, 80 patients(97 eyes)with Yin deficiency and dry heat type DC postoperative dry eye who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital were selected. They were randomly divided into an observation group of 40 cases(49 eyes)and a control group of 40 cases(48 eyes)using a random number table method. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the observation group was treated with a combination of atomization fumigation of self-formulated Zhibai Dihuang Decoction on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, subjective symptom scores, visual indicators [tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer's test(SIt), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)], tear inflammatory factors [interleukin-1 β(IL-1β), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), lipid peroxidation(LPO)], and safety between the two groups.RESULTS: The improvement rate of the observation group was 96%, which was higher than that of the control group(79%, P<0.05). After treatment, the 4 subjective symptom scores in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the subjective symptom scores of ocular dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, and photophobia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05). After treatment, BUT and SIt in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and FL was lower than that before treatment, with the observation group having higher BUT and SIt and lower FL than the control group(all P<0.05). After treatment, IL-1β, MCP-1, and LPO in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group had lower levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and LPO than the control group(all P<0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in either group.CONCLUSION: The atomization and fumigation of self-formulated Zhibai Dihuang Decoction is significantly effective in treating dry eye syndrome after DC surgery with Yin deficiency and dry heat pattern. It can effectively reduce subjective symptom scores, improve visual indicators and tear inflammatory factors, and has a high level of safety.

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study established the HPLC fingerprints, characteristic chromatograms, and a multi-component content determination method for Bidens bipinnata and B. biternata. The chemical pattern recognition analysis was then employed to clarify the characteristic indexes of quality differences between the two original plants of Bidentis Herba, providing a reference for establishing the quality standards of Bidentis Herba. HPLC was launched on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18) chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 4 μm) by gradient elution with a mobile phase of 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.7 mL·min~(-1), detection wavelength of 270 nm, column temperature of 25 ℃, and an injection volume of 5 μL. The similarity between the fingerprints of 18 batches of Bidentis Herba samples and the common pattern(R) ranged from 0.572 to 0.933. A total of 23 chromatographic peaks were calibrated. Through comparison with the reference substances, six components(neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, rutin, and hyperoside) were identified and subjected to quantitative analysis. The characteristic fingerprints of B. bipinnata and B. biternata were calibrated with 20 and 17 characteristic peaks, respectively. Among them, peaks 8, 9, 22, and 23 were the characteristic peaks of B. bipinnata, and peak 7 was the characteristic peak of B. biternata, which can be used to distinguish the two original plants of Bidentis Herba. The relative standard deviation of the content of the above-mentioned six components ranged from 36% to 123%. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) classified the 18 batches of Bidentis Herba samples into two categories. Additionally, through the analysis of variable importance in projection(VIP) under OPLS-DA, three characteristic indexes, rutin, isochlorogenic acid A, and isochlorogenic acid B, were identified. The analytical method established in this study can comprehensively evaluate the consistency of Bidentis Herba samples derived from different original plants, specifically identify the differential components between them, and effectively distinguish the two original plants of Bidentis Herba, providing a basis for the differentiation between different original plants and the quality control of Bidentis Herba.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Bidens/chemistry*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of cardiopulmonary dysfunction following ligation of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm infants. METHODS: A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks who were admitted to the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2018 to August 2024. These infants underwent hsPDA ligation after 1-2 courses of failed ibuprofen treatment. Based on the occurrence of blood pressure changes and oxygenation or ventilation failure postoperatively, the infants were divided into a cardiopulmonary dysfunction group (19 cases) and a non-cardiopulmonary dysfunction group (40 cases). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore risk factors for postoperative cardiopulmonary dysfunction. RESULTS: Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that a faster average weight gain rate preoperatively and low levels of free triiodothyronine (FT₃) within one week before surgery were risk factors for cardiopulmonary dysfunction following hsPDA ligation (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an average weight gain rate >11.45 g/(kg·d) and FT₃ levels <2.785 pmol/L within one week before surgery had predictive value for postoperative cardiopulmonary dysfunction (P<0.05). The combination of these two indicators provided the highest predictive value (P<0.05), with an area under the curve of 0.825, a sensitivity of 79%, and a specificity of 75%. CONCLUSIONS An average weight gain rate exceeding 11.45 g/(kg·d) and FT₃ levels below 2.785 pmol/L within one week before surgery are risk factors affecting cardiopulmonary function after hsPDA ligation. Preoperative assessment and intervention should be strengthened to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
Humans ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/physiopathology* ; Risk Factors ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant, Premature ; Ligation/adverse effects* ; Hemodynamics ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases/etiology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. METHODS: A prospective birth cohort study was conducted. ABO blood types were determined using the slide method. GDM diagnosis was based on a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) between ABO blood types and GDM risk. RESULTS: A total of 30,740 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.81 years were enrolled in this study. The ABO blood types distribution was: type O (30.99%), type A (26.58%), type B (32.20%), and type AB (10.23%). GDM was identified in 14.44% of participants. Using blood type O as a reference, GDM risk was not significantly higher for types A ( OR = 1.05) or B ( OR = 1.04). However, women with type AB had a 19% increased risk of GDM ( OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05-1.34; P < 0.05), even after adjusting for various factors. This increased risk for type AB was consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION The ABO blood types may influence GDM risk, with type AB associated with a higher risk. Incorporating it-either as a single risk factor or in combination with other known factors-could help identify individuals at risk for GDM before or during early pregnancy.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Diabetes, Gestational/etiology* ; ABO Blood-Group System ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Background::Total human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA and integrated HIV DNA are widely used markers of HIV persistence. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) can be used for absolute quantification without needing a standard curve. Here, we developed duplex ddPCR assays to detect and quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA.Methods::The limit of detection, dynamic ranges, sensitivity, and reproducibility were evaluated by plasmid constructs containing both the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and human CD3 gene (for total HIV DNA) and ACH-2 cells (for integrated HIV DNA). Forty-two cases on stable suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) were assayed in total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the data related to DNA copies and cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4 +) T-cell counts, CD8 + T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, respectively. The assay linear dynamic range and lower limit of detection (LLOD) were also assessed. Results::The assay could detect the presence of HIV-1 copies 100% at concentrations of 6.3 copies/reaction, and the estimated LLOD of the ddPCR assay was 4.4 HIV DNA copies/reaction (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.6-6.5 copies/reaction) with linearity over a 5-log 10-unit range in total HIV DNA assay. For the integrated HIV DNA assay, the LLOD was 8.0 copies/reaction (95% CI: 5.8-16.6 copies/reaction) with linearity over a 3-log 10-unit range. Total HIV DNA in CD4 + T cells was positively associated with integrated HIV DNA ( r = 0.76, P <0.0001). Meanwhile, both total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA in CD4 + T cells were inversely correlated with the ratio of CD4/CD8 but positively correlated with the CD8 + T-cell counts. Conclusions::This ddPCR assay can quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA efficiently with robustness and sensitivity. It can be readily adapted for measuring HIV DNA with non-B clades, and it could be beneficial for testing in clinical trials.

Gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs) refer to any elevated lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall, and the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.9% and 12.1%. GPLs include benign polyps and malignant polyps. Benign polyps are further classified as non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign polyps and adenocarcinoma is the main type of malignant polyp. Hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, dyslipidemia, and obesity are the main risk factors for GPLs. Studies of biological mechanisms have focused on malignant gallbladder polyps, the development of which is regulated by hormone levels in vivo, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium, and related molecules. Diagnostic modalities include chemical examination and imaging examination, with imaging examination currently being the mainstay. Treatment of patients with GPLs is based on the presence or absence of symptoms, age, size of the polyps, tendency of the polyp to increase, and risk factors for symptomatic malignancy to determine whether surgery should be performed.

Objective:To discuss the protective effect of ginsenoside Rh1(G-Rh1)on kidney injury in the diabetic mellitus(DM)mice,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The diabetic kidney disease(DKD)model was prepared by using the high-fat,high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).A total of 48 C57/BL6 model mice were randomly divided into model group,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)inhibitor ML385 group(ML385 group)(30 mg·kg-1),G-Rh1 group(30 mg·kg-1),and G-Rh1+ML385 group(30 mg·kg-1 G-Rh1+30 mg·kg-1 ML385),and there were 12 mice in each group.Additionally,12 C57/BL6 mice were selected as control group.After treated for 8 weeks,automatic analyzer was used to detect the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and serum creatinine(Scr)in serum of the mice in various groups,as well as 24 h urinary protein(24 h UP)levels in urine,and the kidney index was calculated;kits were used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the levels of FBG and kidney indexes in serum of the mice in model group,ML385 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the level of FBG in serum of the mice in G-Rh1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the kidney index of the mice in ML385 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of FBG and kidney index of the mice in G-Rh1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the level of FBG and kidney index of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of BUN and Scr in serum,and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in model group,ML385 group,G-Rh1 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the level of BUN in serum and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of BUN and Scr in serum,and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in G-Rh1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the levels of BUN and Scr in serum,and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the activities of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in model group,ML385 group,G-Rh1 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the levels of MDA and LDH activities were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the activity of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in ML385 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the level of MDA was significantly increased(P<0.05);the activity of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in of G-Rh1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the level of MDA and activity of LDH were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the activity of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the level of MDA and activity of LDH were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in model group,ML385 group,G-Rh1 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in ML385 group and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in G-Rh1 group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rh1 reduces the oxidative stress and improves the kidney function,providing protective effects on kidney injury in the DM mice,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding therapy on back-shu and front-mu points and external application on shenque(RN8)point for premature ovarian failure(POF).Methods A total of 62 patients with POF were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 31 patients in each group.The observation group was treated with acupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding therapy on back-shu and front-mu points and external application on shenque point,and the control group was treated with hormone replacement therapy.After three months of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,as well as the ovarian volume,number of antral follicle,and antral follicle diameter of the patients in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.The changes of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and estradiol(E2)levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results(1)The total effective rate was 93.55%(29/31)in the observation group and 80.64%(25/31)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the serum FSH,LH and E2 levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,ovarian volume,number of antral follicle,and antral follicle diameter were significantly improved in the two groups(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of POF with acupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding therapy on back-shu and front-mu points and external application on shenque point can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of the patients,conducive to the recovery of ovarian function,and significantly improve the sex hormone levels of the patients,with precise clinical efficacy.