Objective To investigate the imaging features of intestinal schwannoma(IS)in order to improve the diagnostic ability of the disease.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 14 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed IS were retrospectively analyzed,including the location,size,morphology,nature,growth pattern,CT density,MRI signal,PET/CT metabolism and other characteristics of the tumors.Results Of the 14 IS cases,the lesions of 3 cases were located in the duodenum,2 cases in the cecum,8 cases in the colon and 1 case in the rectum.The lesions were all round or oval,with an average maximum diameter of(2.4±1.1)cm.The lesions were solid in 13 cases,extraluminal growth in 10 cases,cystic degeneration in 1 case and myxoid degeneration in 1 case.Chronic inflammatory lymph nodes were seen around the diseased intestines in 9 cases,and the short diameter of lymph nodes was greater than 5 mm in 6 cases.All 14 cases of IS showed low attenuation on plain CT scan,and progressive enhancement after contrast injection,including 1 case of mild enhancement,2 cases of moderate enhancement,and 11 cases of obvious enhancement.Two cases of IS showed low signal intensity on T1WI,slightly high signal intensity on T2WI,significantly high signal intensity on DWI,and obvious progressive enhancement after contrast injection on MRI.Two cases of IS showed high metabolism on 18F-FDG-PET/CT,and the SUVmax was 9.4 and 8.8,respectively.Conclusion The imaging findings of IS were characteristic to a certain extent.They mainly manifested as solid nodules or masses derived from the intestinal submucosa,with uniform attenuation or signal intensity,obvious progressive enhancement after contrast injection,obvious hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG-PET/CT,and slightly larger homogeneous lymph nodes were common around the lesions.

Objective:To investigate the self-care contribution and binary coping level of spouse caregivers for middle-aged and young stroke patients and explore the relationship between the two, in order to improve the quality of self-care contribution of spouse caregivers to middle-aged and young stroke patients.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 middle-aged and young stroke patients ′ spouse caregivers in the People ′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January to June 2023 by the general data questionnaire, the Caregiver Contribution to Self-care of Stroke Patient Scale, the Dyadic Coping Inventory. The correlation between self-care contributions and binary coping strategies of spousal caregivers was analyzed, and the factors that affect their self-care contributions were screened. Results:Finally, 192 middle-aged and young stroke patients ′ spouse caregivers were included, including 70 males and 122 females, aged 18-59 years old. The total score of self-care contribution of spousal caregivers of middle-aged and young stroke patients was (75.43 ± 6.80) points, and the total score of binary coping was (117.12 ± 9.59) points, both of which were positively correlated ( r=0.691, P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling for the influence of general data, binary coping could explain 28.4% variation in the self-care contribution of spouse caregivers of middle-aged and young stroke patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The duality coping level positively predicts the quality of spouse caregivers ′ self-care contribution to middle-aged and young stroke patients. Medical staff should assess the dual coping level of middle-aged and young stroke patients and their spouses, and carry out targeted dual intervention measures to improve the quality of caregivers' contribution to stroke patients ′ self-care.

Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) is widely distributed in various organisms. The first reported ENGase activity was detected in Diplococcus pneumoniae in 1971. The protein (Endo D) was purified and its peptide sequence was determined in 1974. Three ENGases (Endo F1-F3) were discovered in Flavobacterium meningosepticum from 1982 to 1993. After that, the activity was detected from different species of bacteria, yeast, fungal, plant, mice, human, etc. Multiple ENGases were detected in some species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Trichoderma atroviride. The first preliminary crystallographic analysis of ENGase was conducted in 1994. But to date, only a few ENGases structures have been obtained, and the structure of human ENGase is still missing. The currently identified ENGases were distributed in the GH18 or GH85 families in Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZy) database. GH18 ENGase only has hydrolytic activity, but GH85 ENGase has both hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity. Although ENGases of the two families have similar (β/α)8-TIM barrel structures, the active sites are slightly different. ENGase is an effective tool for glycan detection andglycan editing. Biochemically, ENGase can specifically hydrolyze β‑1,4 glycosidic bond between the twoN-acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) on core pentasaccharide presented on glycopeptides and/or glycoproteins. Different ENGases may have different substrate specificity. The hydrolysis products are oligosaccharide chains and a GlcNAc or glycopeptides or glycoproteins with a GlcNAc. Conditionally, it can use the two products to produce a new glycopeptides or glycoprotein. Although ENGase is a common presentation in cell, its biological function remains unclear. Accumulated evidences demonstrated that ENGase is a none essential gene for living and a key regulator for differentiation. No ENGase gene was detected in the genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three other yeast species. Its expression was extremely low in lung. As glycoproteins are not produced by prokaryotic cells, a role for nutrition and/or microbial-host interaction was predicted for bacterium produced enzymes. In the embryonic lethality phenotype of the Ngly1-deficient mice can be partially rescued by Engase knockout, suggesting down regulation of Engase might be a solution for stress induced adaptation. Potential impacts of ENGase regulation on health and disease were presented. Rabeprazole, a drug used for stomach pain as a proton inhibitor, was identified as an inhibitor for ENGase. ENGases have been applied in vitro to produce antibodies with a designated glycan. The two step reactions were achieved by a pair of ENGase dominated for hydrolysis of substrate glycoprotein and synthesis of new glycoprotein with a free glycan of designed structure, respectively. In addition, ENGase was also been used in cell surface glycan editing. New application scenarios and new detection methods for glycobiological engineering are quickly opened up by the two functions of ENGase, especially in antibody remodeling and antibody drug conjugates. The discovery, distribution, structure property, enzymatic characteristics and recent researches in topical model organisms of ENGase were reviewed in this paper. Possible biological functions and mechanisms of ENGase, including differentiation, digestion of glycoproteins for nutrition and stress responding were hypothesised. In addition, the role of ENGase in glycan editing and synthetic biology was discussed. We hope this paper may provide insights for ENGase research and lay a solid foundation for applied and translational glycomics.

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.
Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia ; Biological Availability ; Cytokines

Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma has high medicinal value and is widely used in compatibility. It is used most frequently in the compatibility of Chinese medicine prescriptions，and is known as ''Guolao''（national medicine） and "master of all medicines". The characteristic active ingredients are mainly liquitin，glycyrrizic acid，glycyrrizin，and licochalcone. In different compatibilities，based on traditional and modern pharmacological theories，the corresponding effect of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma are brought into play through different mechanisms. Based on the traditional pharmacology of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma for tonifying spleen，replenishing Qi，clearing heat，removing toxin，dispelling phlegm，relieving cough and pain，and harmonizing various medicines，this paper used herbal authentication to analyze its compatibility application and mechanism. It was found that Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma played corresponding effect in compatibilities through "tonification"，"harmonization"，and "regulation". For example，Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma was combined with tonics including Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma to tonify the five Zang-organs through its strong tonifying effect，combined with Paeoniae Radix Alba and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata to relieve emergencies and pains through harmonizing medicine power and properties，and combined with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Natrii Sulfas to reduce medicine intensity through regulating medicine properties and body characteristics. The application law and mechanism of the modern pharmacological compatibility of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma were analyzed by data mining and network pharmacology. It was found that the modern clinical formula was often compatible with Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma for anti-inflammation，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection，anti-virus，and anti-tumor，Ephedrae Herba and Scutellariae Radix for anti-inflammation，Bambusae Caulis in Taenias，Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection，and Ophiopogonis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma for nerves protection. Meanwhile，the important targets of the characteristic ingredients were protein kinase B1 （Akt1），interleukin-6 （IL-6），tumor necrosis factor （TNF），and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）. The important characteristic pathways such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）/protein kinase G （PKG） signal pathway played the role of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection，and proteoglycan pathway in cancer played a neuroprotective role. This study is expected to provide references for the rational compatibility and application of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma，as well as the compatibility application of Chinese medicine prescriptions.

Based on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, this study aimed to observe the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells at different concentrations of icaritin, in order to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. The research object was ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. The cells were divided into the control group and icaritin groups(5, 10, 20 μmol·L~(-1)), and administrated with drugs for 48 hours. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of icaritin on the proliferation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. The proliferation ability of the SKOV3 cells was detected by EdU assay. Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining was used to observe the apoptotic morphology of SKOV3 cells in each group. The distribution of cell cycle and the apoptosis rate of each group were detected by flow cytometry. Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of PTEN, PI3K, Akt in each group of cells. Protein expressions of PTEN, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were measured by Western blot. The results showed that the cell inhibition rates of icaritin groups were significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05). The rates of EdU-positive cells of icaritin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). SKOV3 cells in icaritin groups showed morphological changes of apoptosis. Apoptosis rates of icaritin groups were significantly increased(P<0.05). The proportions of cells in G_0/G_1 phase of icaritin groups were decreased(P<0.05), while the proportions of S phase cells were increased(P<0.05). The gene and protein expressions of PTEN in icaritin groups were elevated(P<0.05). The gene expressions of PI3K and Akt in icaritin groups were down-regulated(P<0.05). The protein expression of PI3K and p-Akt in icaritin groups were reduced(P<0.05). These results indicated that icarin may inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vitro, induce cell apoptosis and affect the cycle distribution of cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the plasma components of frozen plasma (FP) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). METHODS: Twenty samples of FP and 20 samples of FFP from Beijing Red Cross Blood Center were randomly selected. Immediately after plasma melting, 12 plasma components including coagulation factor, fibrinolytic system and anticoagulation protein were detected, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) activity, coagulation factor Ⅴ (FⅤ) activity, fibrinogen(FIB) level, ADAMTS-13 activity, von Willebrand factor(vWF) activity, D-dimer (D-dimer, DD), fibrin degradation products (FDP), antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS). All these coagulation components between the two types of plasma were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with FFP, APTT in FP was significantly prolonged(t=3.428, P<0.01), and PT was also significantly prolonged(z=-2.140, P<0.05), and FⅧ activity was decreased (t=-3.372, P<0.01), but all in the reference range, and PS activity was decreased(t=-2.458，P＜0.05), there was no statistical difference in the other part between two types of plasma(P>0.05). CONCLUSION FP can substitute FFP in the treatment of some diseases, although it is lack of some coagulation factors and anticoagulation protein.
Beijing ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Humans ; Plasma

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and long-term effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on cerebral palsy. Methods:Literature retrieval was carried out in the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP. The time limit was from the establishment of these databases to March 26th, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials about FES for children with cerebral palsy were included. At least two evaluators extracted the data independently and used Cochrane 5.1.0 bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of included studies. The data was analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Results:A total of eleven studies with 513 children were included. The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) D/E scores (MD = 8.14, 95%CI 6.26 to 10.02, P < 0.001), GMFM-88 B score (MD = 8.77, 95%CI 4.00 to 13.53, P < 0.001), modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score (MD = -1.05, 95%CI -1.25 to -0.84, P < 0.001), Kyphosis angle (MD = -10.67, 95%CI -12.21 to -9.13, P < 0.001), Cobb's angle (MD = -2.66, 95%CI -3.38 to -1.93, P < 0.001), step length (MD = 3.35, 95%CI 1.81 to 4.90, P < 0.001), walking speed (MD = 0.09, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.14, P < 0.001) and GMFM score at six weeks follow-up (MD = 4.84, 95%CI 1.90 to 7.77, P = 0.001) were better in FES group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in MAS score between two groups after six weeks of follow-up (MD = 0.04, 95%CI -0.30 to 0.37, P = 0.84). Conclusion:FES could improve the lower-limb and trunk function of children with cerebral palsy, however, the long-term effect of relieving muscle spasm was not significant.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and continuous increases in pulmonary artery pressure, which may eventually develop to right heart failure and death. Although newly discovered and incredible treatment strategies in recent years have improved the prognosis of PH, limited types of effective and economical drugs for PH still makes it as a life-threatening disease. Some drugs from Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been traditionally applied in the treatment of lung diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) derived from those medicines brings promising future for the prevention and treatment of PH. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects of APIs derived from CMM which are potent in treating PH, so as to provide new thoughts for initial drug discovery and identification of potential therapeutic strategies in alternative medicine for PH.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy* ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional