Objective Aimed at investigating the effect and molecular mechanism of artemisinin on hemo-dynamics and vascular remodeling in monocrotaline(MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)rats.Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10):control group,MCT-induced PAH group(MCT group,60 mg/kg)and artemisinin intervention group(50 mg/kg).At 28 days after modeling,the right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),heart rate and right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI)were measured to evaluate the development of PAH.HE staining and α-SMA immuno-histochemistry were used to observe the morphology and assess muscularization of pulmonary arterioles,and the percentage of medial wall thickness(WT%),the percentage of vascular wall area(WA%)and the proportion of muscular vessels were calculated to evaluate the degree of pulmonary vascular remodeling.The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and LDHA were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Pyruvate and lactate concentration in lung tissue was measured using pyruvate and lactateassay kit.Results Compared with the control group,the RVSP,mPAP,heart rate and RVHI were significantly increased in MCT-induced PAH rats(all P<0.05).Histological analysis showed that the increasedmedial wall thickness of small pulmonary arteries and vascular muscularization were observed in MCT-treated rats compared with control rats.WT%,WA%and muscularization degrees of pulmonary arterioles were higher in MCT-treated rats than those in the control group(all P<0.05),suggesting successful construction of PAH model.Compared with the MCT group,the RVSP,mPAP,heart rate and RVHI decreased in the rats treated with artemisinin(all P<0.05),accompanied with lower WT%and WA%(P<0.05),and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles was improved(P<0.05).Further study showed the mRNA and protein levels ofHIF-1α and LDHA in lung tissue of MCT-induced PAH rats were higher than those in the control group,the content of lactate and pyruvate and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate were higher than that in the control group(all P<0.05).However,the mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and LDHA in lung tissue of rats treated with artemisinin were lower than those in the MCT group,the content of lactate and pyruvate and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate were lower than that in the MCT group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Artemisinin improves hemodynamic and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH rats through inhibiting HIF-1α/LDHA signaling pathway-mediated glycolysis.

Objective:By comparing the effects of installing 3d-printed bolus with or without positioning holes on the skin fit and patient dose distribution,the advantages and disadvantages of the two installation methods in the application of radiotherapy after radical breast cancer surgery were evaluated,and the reference was provided for clinical application.Methods:A total of 48 patients(34 patients with and 14 patients without positioning holes)who received radiotherapy for breast cancer in Suining Central Hospital from December 2022 to Au-gust 2024 were randomly selected.Three dimensional reconstruction of the air gap between the patient body surface and the 3d-printed bolus was conducted,and the tissue dose distribution of each case was analyzed.Comparative analysis was conducted using t-test to ana-lyze the differences of the skin fit and the key dosimetric indexes of target areas and organs at risk between the two bolus installation meth-ods.Results:The mean values of the maximum air gap height,air gap area and air gap volume of the group with positioning holes were lower than those of the group without positioning holes(P<0.05),and the skin fit showed better consistency.The target area conformity in-dex(CI),homogeneity index(HI),and affected lung radiation acceptance(V20,V5)of patients with positioning holes were better than those of patients without positioning holes(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in target area coverage of prescription dose,cardiac dose Dmean and spinal cord dose Dmax between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:The skin fit,dosimetric indexes of patient target area and or-gans at risk of 3d-printed bolus with positioning holes were superior to those without positioning holes,showing significant advantages in clinical applications.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Aim To investigate the role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloidcells 2(TREM2)in syn-aptic plasticity induced by cocaine addiction.Methods C57BL/6J mice and Trem2 knockout mice were uti-lized in this study to evaluate the alterations in postsyn-aptic density protein 95(PSD-95)and synapsin 1(SYN1)within the cortex and hippocampus of co-caine-addicted mice by using immunological tech-niques.Results HE staining and Nissl staining showed increased neuronal damage in the hippocampus and cortex of mice after cocaine addiction.The results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence of PSD-95 and SYN1 were consistent with the expression trend of Western blot.In the wild type mouse model,the ex-pression level of PSD-95 in the hippocampus and cortex was lower than that in the saline group,and the ex-pression of SYN1 was higher than that in the saline group.In the knockout mouse model,the expression levels of PSD-95 and SYN1 in the hippocampus and cortex were significantly higher than those in the saline group after cocaine addiction.The expression levels of PSD-95 and SYN1 in the hippocampus and cortex of cocaine knockout mice were higher than those of co-caine wild type mice.Conclusion Cocaine addiction can change the synaptic plasticity,and TREM2 plays a regulatory role in the synaptic plasticity of hippocampus and cortex in mice with cocaine injury.TREM2 is ex-pected to be a new target for studying the mechanism of cocaine addiction.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of achyranthes bidentata(AB)on sperm quality in mice with sper-matogenic disorder through the glycolytic metabolic pathway and its action mechanism.Methods:We equally randomized 40 Kun-ming mice into a normal control,a model control,a low-dose AB(3.5 g/kg)and a high-dose AB group(7.0 g/kg),and established the model of spermatogenic disorder in the latter three groups of mice by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(30 mg/kg).Two days after modeling,we collected the testis and kidney tissues and blood samples from the mice for observation of the pathological changes in the testis tissue by HE staining,detection of perm motility with the sperm quality analyzer,examination of the apoptosis of testis cells by flow cytometry,measurement of the levels of testosterone(T),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and cata-lase(CAT)in the serum and testis tissue by ELISA,and determination of expressions of the key enzymes of glycolysis hexokinase Ⅱ(HK2),pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),platelet phosphofructokinase(PFKP),lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)and the meiosis pro-teins REC8 and SCP3 by Western blot,and the mRNA expressions of glycolytic phosphofructokinase 1(PFK1),phosphoglycerate ki-nase 1(PGK1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)by fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR).Results:Compared with the model controls,the mice in the AB groups showed significant increases in the testis coefficient,kidney in-dex,sperm concentration,sperm motility,spermatogonia,primary spermatocytes,spermatids,sperm count and the serum T level(P＜0.05 orP＜0.01),but dramatic decreases in the apoptosis of testis cells and percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm(P＜0.01).Achyranthes bidentata also significantly elevated the levels of SOD and CAT,and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of MDA,TNF-α and IL-1β(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and up-regulated the protein expressions of HK2,PKM2,PFKP,LDHA,REC8 and SCP3,and expressions of the glycolysis key genes Pfk1 and Pgk1(P＜0.05 orP＜0.01).Conclusion:Achyranthes bidentata ameliorates doxorubicin-induced spermatogenic disorder in mice by regulating the glycolytic pathway and reducing oxidative stress and the expressions of inflammatory factors.

Aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation are more common in elderly heart valve disease,and both may be present in some patients.Severe aortic regurgitation complicated with severe mitral regurgitation often requires surgical valve replacement,but in patients at high risk of surgery,the risk of perioperative mortality is significantly increased.Therefore,for such patients,minimally invasive interventions can significantly improve long-term patient outcomes while reducing surgical risk.This article report a case of transcatheter aortic valve replacement combined with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in the treatment of severe aortic regurgitation combined with mitral valve prolapse,in order to explore new treatment ideas for similar cases.

Aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation are more common in elderly heart valve disease,and both may be present in some patients.Severe aortic regurgitation complicated with severe mitral regurgitation often requires surgical valve replacement,but in patients at high risk of surgery,the risk of perioperative mortality is significantly increased.Therefore,for such patients,minimally invasive interventions can significantly improve long-term patient outcomes while reducing surgical risk.This article report a case of transcatheter aortic valve replacement combined with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in the treatment of severe aortic regurgitation combined with mitral valve prolapse,in order to explore new treatment ideas for similar cases.

Objective:To study the effect of anthocyanins(C3G)on cuproptosis in chronic epileptic rats.Methods:Chronic epileptic rat model was induced by pentatetrazol(PTZ),and 90 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,PTZ group,elesclomol(ELC)group,tetrathiomolybdate(TTM)group,C3G group and ELC+C3G group.The grade,latency and frequency of seizures were recorded in each group.electroencephalogram(EEG)was used to detect abnormal electrical discharge in the brain.The action potential of hippocampal neurons was measured by patch-clamp technique.The contents of glutathione(GSH)and cuprous ions(Cu+)in hippocampus were determined by kit.Neuron damage in hippocampus was evaluated by Nissl staining.The expression of ferredoxin1(FDX1)and lipoic acid synthase(LIAS)in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the PTZ group exhibited epileptic-like seizures,suggesting that the modeling was successful.Com-pared with other epileptic groups,the ELC group showed increased seizure grade,more abnormal discharges,shortened latency period,enhanced neuronal excitability,decreased Nissl particles,elevated Cu+levels,decreased GSH levels,and increased expressions of FDX1 and LIAS.The reverse was observed in C3G group(P＜0.05).Neuron damage in ELC+C3G group was less severe than that in ELC group,but more than that in PTZ group(P＜0.05).Neuron dam-age in TTM group was less severe than that in PTZ group,but more severe than that in C3G group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:cuproptosis exists in hippocampus of rats with chronic epilepsy,and the C3G can significantly inhibit cu-proptosis and alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic epilepsy.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of corylifol A(CYA)on Lewis lung carcinoma(LLC)cachexia mice and its ameliorating effects on myotube atrophy induced by LLC cell-conditioned medium(LLC CM)in vitro,and to explore the mechanisms.Methods The cancer cachexia was induced by subcu-taneous inoculation of LLC cells to C57BL/6J mice.The effects of CYA(10,20 mg·kg-1·d-1,i.p.)on the cachexia symptoms and survival time of cachexia mice were observed.The effects of 2.5 or 5 μmol·L-1 CYA on myotube atrophy of C2C12 induced by LLC CM were observed.The effects of CYA on its pos-sible target the serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO1(TAOK1)and downstream signaling pathways were detected using Western blot.The influence of TAOK1 knockout on the ameliorating effects of CYA on myo-tube atrophy was observed.Results CYA could sig-nificantly prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice and ameliorate the muscle atrophy associated with LLC.The effects of CYA on myotube atrophy are relat-ed to its regulation of TAOK1.The effects of CYA could be reduced by knockout of TAOK1.Conclusions CYA improves the survival of LLC cachexia mice and ameliorates the related skeletal muscle atrophy.The mechanism of CYA is related to its inhibition on TAOK1 and downstream signaling pathways.

Objective:To explore the expression regulation of lipid metabolism gene ABHD5 in testes.Methods:Differential gene analysis was performed by integrating databases of TCGA and GTEx to identify the target gene ABHD5.The expression trends of ABHD5 gene in testicular carcinoma tissue were analyzed.Human testis single-cell atlases were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas and Male Health Atlas databases to determine the expression distribution of ABHD5 across different testicular cell types.Additionally,the GTEx database was utilized to visualize the expression pattern of ABHD5 in the testis,thereby enhancing the understanding of its transcriptional profile.The relationship between ABHD5 expression and age was assessed through integrated database analysis.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect differential expressions of ABHD5 in testicular tissues of young and aged mice respectively.Results:The TCGA database indicated that the expression of ABHD5 in human testicular carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in normal testicular tissue which showed a negative correlation with patient survival.ABHD5 was highly ex-pressed in germ cells of the testis reveaked from Human Protein Atlas and Male Health Atlas databases.The stability of ABHD5 protein was crucial for testicular tissue,and its expression decreased with age.Furthermore,Western blot and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that ABHD5 expression in the testicular tissue of aged mice was significantly lower than that in young mice.Conclu-sion:ABHD5 plays an important role in testicular tissue,and may be inseparable from testicular tumors and reproductive aging.How-ever,its mechanism of action remains to be further studied.