Objective To evaluate the current radiation doses in pediatric non-cardiac interventional procedures, and analyze the associated clinical factors, and to provide data references for reducing pediatric radiation exposure. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the radiation doses of children who had undergone non-cardiac interventional procedures at the interventional department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Jinan from January 2022 to October 2024. The collected data included basic demographic information, surgical date, anatomical site, disease type, and radiation dose parameters (cumulative fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose area product in cine mode, cumulative air kerma, and the number of images acquired). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparative analysis between groups (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results Among the 475 included children, 99 cases (20.8%) had infantile hemangioma (median P_ka, 0.136 Gy·cm²; median K_a,r, 0.38 mGy), 235 cases (49.5%) had venous malformation (median P_ka, 9.82 Gy·cm²; median K_a,r, 40.99 mGy), 75 cases (15.8%) had lymphatic malformation (median P_ka, 0.06 Gy·cm²; median K_a,r, 0.18 mGy), 32 cases (6.7%) had retinoblastoma (median P_ka, 6.58 Gy·cm²; median K_a,r, 52.34 mGy), 12 cases (2.5%) had arteriovenous malformation (median P_ka, 42.3 Gy·cm²; median K_a,r, 162.87 mGy), and 22 cases (4.6%) had other vascular malformations (median P_ka, 21.7 Gy·cm²; median K_a,r, 89.1 mGy). There were significant differences between children with different disease types in the cumulative fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose area product in cine mode, cumulative air kerma at the patient entrance reference point, and the number of images acquired during non-cardiac interventional procedures (all P < 0.01). Conclusion This study presented the types and proportions of pediatric non-cardiac interventional procedures, evaluated the radiation dose levels of different surgical types, and analyzed the effects of weight and anatomical site on radiation exposure, which can be useful for preliminary assessment of radiation doses in pediatric non-cardiac interventional procedures.

Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process that requires a tightly controlled epigenetic event in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The mechanisms underlying the transition from SSCs to sperm are largely unknown. Most studies utilize gene knockout mice to explain the mechanisms. However, the production of genetically engineered mice is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we presented a convenient research strategy using an RNA interference (RNAi) and testicular transplantation approach. Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis. As Jumonji domain-containing protein 1A (JMJD1A) and Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C (JMJD2C) demethylases catalyze histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), we firstly analyzed the expression profile of the two demethylases and then investigated their function. Using the convenient research strategy, we showed that normal spermatogenesis is disrupted due to the downregulated expression of both demethylases. These results suggest that this strategy might be a simple and alternative approach for analyzing spermatogenesis relative to the gene knockout mice strategy.
Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism* ; Histones/metabolism* ; RNA Interference ; Testis/metabolism* ; Methylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Histone Demethylases

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices in pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of bleeding, and the causes of perioperative anemia and coagulation disorders in neonates and children are complex and varied, often necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood components. This guideline provides direction and recommendations for specific measures in blood management for children undergoing cardiac surgery before, during, and after surgery. This article interprets the background and evidence for the formulation of the blood transfusion provisions for children undergoing cardiac surgery, hoping to facilitate the understanding and implementation of this guideline.
Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

A QuEChERS cleanup-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for simultaneous determination of traditional and emerging 71 kinds of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in Chinese herbal medicine Eckloniae Thallus.The extraction solvent employed here was 0.2%formic acid-acetonitrile with sodium chloride-anhydrous sodium sulfate(3:1,m/m)as salting-out agent,and the purification was carried out using graphitized carbon black and octadecyl-bonded silica as adsorbents.The sample separation was carried out on a Horizon C18 chromatographic column(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm)by gradient elution with 2.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution(containing 2.5 mmol/L acetic acid)and acetonitrile as the mobile phases.The flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min,with an injection volume of 5 μL.The chromatographic separation of each target compound and internal standard substance could be achieved within 15 min.An electrospray ion source was utilized for simultaneous scanning of positive and negative ions under the scheduled multiple reaction monitoring(sMRM)mode,and the internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis.The results of method validations showed that the 71 kinds of PFAS had good linearity,with a correlation coefficient(r)greater than 0.997,spiked recoveries of 76.2%?122.0%and relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 5.5%?14.8%.The limits of detection were in the range of 0.3-60 ng/kg and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.8-199 ng/kg.The developed method was used for detection of PFAS in 14 batches of Eckloniae Thallus samples,and a total of 19 kinds of PFAS were detected.The findings indicated that PFAS residues were commonly present in Eckloniae Thallus,with perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)exhibiting the highest concentrations.The method was simple,robust and efficient in preparation,sensitive in detection with high throughput,and suitable for monitoring residual PFAS compounds,including both ionic and neutral in food-medicine homology samples such as Eckloniae Thallus.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To compare the prognostic value of 3 diagnostic criteria of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 285 preterm infants with BPD admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to September 2021, who were followed up regularly after discharge. The primary composite adverse outcome was defined as death or severe respiratory morbidity from 36 weeks of corrected gestational age to 18 months of corrected age, and the secondary composite adverse outcome was defined as death or neurodevelopmental impairment. According to the primary or secondary composite adverse outcomes, the preterm infants were divided into the adverse prognosis group and the non-adverse prognosis group. The 2001 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria, 2018 NICHD criteria, and 2019 Neonatal Research Network (NRN) criteria were used to diagnose and grade BPD in preterm infants. Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Delong test were used to analyze the prognostic value of the 3 diagnostic criteria.Results:The 285 preterm infants had a gestational age of 29.4 (28.1, 30.6) weeks and birth weight of 1 230 (1 000, 1 465) g, including 167 males (58.6%). Among 285 premature infants who completed follow-up, the primary composite adverse outcome occurred in 124 preterm infants (43.5%), and the secondary composite adverse outcome occurred in 40 preterm infants (14.0%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that severe BPD according to the 2001 NICHD criteria, gradeⅡand Ⅲ BPD according to the 2018 NICHD criteria and grade 2 and 3 BPD according to the 2019 NRN criteria were all risk factors for primary composite adverse outcomes (all P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the 2018 NICHD criteria and 2019 NRN criteria were both higher than that of the 2001 NICHD criteria (0.70 and 0.70 vs. 0.61, Z=4.49 and 3.35, both P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN criteria ( Z=0.38, P=0.702). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the secondary composite adverse outcomes were all associated with grade Ⅲ BPD according to the 2018 NICHD criteria and grade 3 BPD according to the 2019 NRN criteria (both P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the AUC of the 2018 NICHD criteria and 2019 NRN criteria were both higher than that of the 2001 NICHD criteria (0.71 and 0.71 vs. 0.58, Z=2.93 and 3.67, both P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN criteria ( Z=0.02, P=0.984). Conclusion:The 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN criteria demonstrate good and comparable predictive value for the primary and secondary composite adverse outcomes in preterm infants with BPD, surpassing the predictive efficacy of the 2001 NICHD criteria.

A new iridoid was isolated from the Tabebuia avellanedae, its anti-myocardial injury activity was determined, and its mechanisms underlying inhibition of inflammation, regulation of oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis were explored. The dried inner bark of the Tabebuia avellanedae was extracted with boiling water, separated by liquid-liquid extraction, and purified by silica gel/ODS/Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain avelladoid I (Avd I). The structure of Avd I was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Cardiomyocyte injury model was established by 1 μg·mL^-1 doxorubicin. After treatment with 1-40 μmol·L^-1 of Avd I, the cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured. The inflammatory factor levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the oxidative stress levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected. DCFH-DA staining was employed to observe the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), AnnexinV-FITC/PI double stainings were performed to detect the apoptosis level, JC-1 single staining was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and the Incell-Western assay was conducted to determine the apoptosis-related protein expression levels. The results showed that the cardiomyocyte injury was improved by 1-20 μmol·L^-1 of Avd I, and the IL-6 and IL-1β levels were decreased to near normal cell levels by 1 μmol·L^-1 Avd I. The ROS level was strongly reduced and the SOD level was highly increased by 1 μmol·L^-1 Avd I. In addition, 1 μmol·L^-1 Avd I significantly decreased the apoptosis level, the B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio and the cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (cleaved caspase 3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3) ratio. Therefore, Avd I could stimulate the cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduce the LDH level and inhibit inflammation levels through regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.