This study employs ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) to analyze the differences in alkaloid content of Commelina communis from various geographical origins, exploring its feasibility as a quality evaluation indicator. A total of 57 batches of C. communis samples from 23 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China were selected. The MicroPulite HSS T3(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm)column was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(20∶80), detection wavelength at 254 nm, and a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1) to measure the content of 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) and deoxymannojirimycin(DMJ). The MicroPulite XP tC_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)column was employed with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(4∶96), detection wavelength at 254 nm, and a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1) to measure the content of norharmine(NHM) and harmanme(HM). Chemometric methods were applied to study the relationships and differences among the 57 batches of C. communis. Significant differences in alkaloid content were observed among C. communis from different regions, with the average total content decreasing in the order of North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, East China, Southwest China, Central China, and South China. Cluster analysis(CA) and principal component analysis(PCA) further revealed the quality differences of C. communis from various origins, and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) identified DNJ as a marker compound to distinguish the quality differences between different geographical sources of C. communis. It is recommended that the content limit of DNJ be set at no less than 0.055 9%, providing a reference for the quality evaluation and clinical application of C. communis medicinal materials.
Alkaloids/analysis* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chemometrics/methods* ; Quality Control

From the perspective of competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) constructed by metastasy-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(Malat1) and microRNA 16-5p(miR-16-5p), the improvement mechanism of Tonggu Xiaotong Capsules(TGXTC) on the imbalance and disorder of "cholesterol-iron" metabolism in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis(OA) was explored. In vivo experiments, 60 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized and fed for 1 week and then randomly divided into two groups: blank group(12 mice) and modeling group(48 mice). The animals in modeling group were anesthetized by 5% isoflurane inhalation, which was followed by the construction of OA model. They were then randomly divided into model group, TGXTC group, Malat1 overexpression group, and TGXTC+Malat1 overexpression(TGXTC+Malat1-OE) group, with 12 mice in each group. The structural changes of mouse cartilage tissues were observed by Masson staining after the intervention in each group. RT-PCR was employed to detect the mRNA levels of Malat1 and miR-16-5p in cartilage tissues. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7B1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4), and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in cartilage tissues. In vitro experiments, mouse chondrocytes were induced by thapsigargin(TG), and the combination of Malat1 and miR-16-5p was detected by double luciferase assay. The fluorescence intensity of Malat1 in chondrocytes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The miR-16-5p inhibitory chondrocyte model was constructed. RT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of Malat1 and miR-16-5p in chondrocytes under the inhibition of miR-16-5p. Western blot was adopted to analyze the regulation of TG-induced chondrocyte proteins ABCA1, SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP, ACSL4, and GPX4 by TGXTC under the inhibition of miR-16-5p. The results of in vivo experiments showed that,(1) compared with model group, TGXTC group exhibited a relatively complete cartilage layer structure. Compared with Malat1-OE group, TGXTC+Malat1-OE group showed alleviated cartilage surface damage.(2) Compared with model group, TGXTC group had a significantly decreased Malat1 mRNA level and an increased miR-16-5p mRNA level in mouse cartilage tissues(P<0.01).(3) Compared with the model group, the protein levels of ABCA1 and GPX4 in the cartilage tissue of mice in the TGXTC group increased, while the protein levels of SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP and ACSL4 decreased(P<0.01). The results of in vitro experiments show that,(1) dual-luciferase was used to evaluate that miR-16-5p has a targeting effect on the Malat1 gene.(2)Compared with TG+miR-16-5p inhibition group, TG+miR-16-5p inhibition+TGXTC group had an increased mRNA level of miR-16-5p and an decreased mRNA level of Malat1(P<0.01).(3) Compared with TG+miR-16-5p inhibition group, TG+miR-16-5p inhibition+TGXTC group exhibited increased expression of ABCA1 and GPX4 proteins and decreased expression of SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP, and ACSL4 proteins(P<0.01). The reasults showed that TGXTC can regulate the ceRNA of Malat1 and miR-16-5p to alleviate the "cholesterol-iron" metabolism disorder of osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Chondrocytes/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy* ; Iron/metabolism* ; Male ; Cholesterol/metabolism* ; Humans ; Capsules ; RNA, Competitive Endogenous

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.

Objective To compare the fidelity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)models established using two methods:exposure to cigarette smoke(CS)and exposure to motor vehicle exhaust(MVE)in rats.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control,CS-exposed(CS),and MVE-exposed(MVE)groups,with 8 rats per group.Rats in CS and MVE groups were exposed to CS or MVE,respectively,to induce COPD models.After COPD model established,lung function of each group was assessed.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was collected to measure inflammatory cell counts,levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and expression levels of mucin 5AC(MUC5AC).Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)to observe pulmonary tissue and airway pathological changes.Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining was used to detect goblet cell hyperplasia in airways.Results Compared with control group,rats in CS and MVE groups showed significantly increased inspiratory resistance(RI),total lung capacity(TLC),and lung static compliance(Cchord)(P<0.05),while expiratory flow parameters FEV50/FVC were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with MVE group,rats in CS group had significantly higher RI,TLC,and Cchord(P<0.05),and lower FEV50/FVC(P<0.05).HE staining of lung tissues showed that mean linear intercept(MLI)was significantly higher in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group(P<0.05),with CS group having higher MLI than MVE group(P<0.05).BALF analysis revealed that white blood cells,neutrophils,macrophages,lymphocytes,IL-6,and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group(P<0.05),and inflammatory cell counts,IL-6,and TNF-α levels were higher in CS group compared with MVE group(P<0.05).PAS staining of lung tissues indicated that goblet cells in large airways were significantly increased in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group(P<0.05),with CS group showing higher goblet cell counts than MVE group(P<0.05).Expression levels of MUC5AC in BALF were significantly higher in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group(P<0.05),with CS group having significantly higher MUC5AC levels than MVE group(P<0.05).Conclusions Exposure to CS or MVE can establish a rat model of COPD,with CS exposure better mimicking characteristics of acute exacerbation of COPD compared to MVE exposure.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics, pathology, and prognosis of children with diffuse endocapillary proliferative Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (DEP-HSPN). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical, pathological, and prognosis data of 44 children with DEP-HSPN and 765 children without DEP-HSPN. The children with DEP-HSPN were diagnosed by renal biopsy in Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2006 to December 2021. RESULTS: Among the 809 children with purpura nephritis, 44 (5.4%) had DEP-HSPN, with a mean age of (8±3) years, and there were 29 boys (65.9%) and 15 girls (34.1%). Compared with the non-DEP-HSPN group, the DEP-HSPN group had a significantly shorter time from onset to renal biopsy and a significantly higher proportion of children with respiratory infection or gross hematuria, and most children had nephrotic syndrome. The DEP-HSPN group had significantly higher levels of 24-hour urinary protein, urinary protein grading, microscopic hematuria grading, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen and significantly lower levels of serum albumin and complement C3 (P<0.05). The DEP-HSPN group had a higher pathological grading, with predominant deposition of IgA in the mesangial area and capillary loops, and higher activity scores in the modified semi-quantitative scoring system (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the renal complete remission rate between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with DEP-HSPN have a rapid onset, severe clinical manifestations and pathological grading, and high activity scores in the modified semi-quantitative scoring system. However, most of the children with DEP-HSPN have a good prognosis, with a comparable renal complete remission rate to the children without DEP-HSPN.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hematuria ; IgA Vasculitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Nephritis

Humans ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/complications* ; Syndrome

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma. Methods: A total of 11 patients with maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2010 to July 2022 were retrospectively enrolled, including 8 males and 3 females, aged (65.2±9.5) years (ranged from 49 to 87 years), with a disease course of 0.5 to 6.0 months. The clinicopathological data including head and neck CT, MRI and treatment methods were analyzed. Results: Submandibular gland and maxilla were involved in 3 cases, parapharynx in 2 cases, and face, tongue root and soft palate in 1 case respectively. Clinically, the initial symptom is a rapidly growing painless or tender mass, which may be accompanied by restricted mouth opening, dysphagia, and local numbness after invasion of masticatory muscles and nerves. The tumors were all invasive and low-density, with unclear boundaries from the surrounding tissues. Among the patients, 9 received surgical treatment, and 5 received adjuvant treatment after surgery (2 received chemotherapy, 3 received radiotherapy+chemotherapy). According to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors in 2022, there were 1 case (1/11) with poorly differentiated large cells and 10 cases (10/11) with poorly differentiated small cells. Histologically, the macrocell type is composed of large cells with rough chromatin, obvious vacuolar nucleolus, protruding nucleolus, and necrosis. The small cell type is dominated by small blue round cells with neuroendocrine characteristics, with active growth and multifocal necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and synaptophysin (Syn) were diffusively expressed, 10 cases expressed CD56, 8 cases expressed p63, 6 cases expressed weakly punctated chromograin-A (CgA), and S-100 was not expressed. The Ki-67 index ranges from 20 to 90 percent. By the end of follow-up (0.5 to 127.0 months), 3 patients were alive, and the mean progression-free survival (21.0 months) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy patients was significantly longer than that of surgery and/or chemotherapy alone (3.3 months). Conclusions: Maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma is characterized by low differentiation of small cells, high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Radical surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy has better local control effect.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Tongue

Objective: To investigate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2019, so as to provide insights into improvements of the therapeutic effect of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Data pertaining to pulmonary tuberculosis in Jiaxing City from 2017 to 2019 were collected from the Tuberculosis Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including demographics, treatment classification, sputum culture and drug resistance. The spectrum, types and prevalence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis to four first-line tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol (EMB), was analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 1 310 M. tuberculosis isolates were cultured from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Jiaxing City from 2017 to 2019, and there were 259 M. tuberculosis isolates that were resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs, with an overall drug resistance rate of 19.77%. The prevalence rates of drug resistance to INH, SM, RFP and EMB were 13.36%, 11.83%, 5.50% and 3.59%, respectively. The prevalence of drug resistance was lower in M. tuberculosis isolates from treatment-naïve patients than from retreated patients (18.45% vs. 34.58%, P<0.05). M. tuberculosis isolates presented high resistance to SM (4.50%) and INH alone (4.35%), the highest resistance to INH-SM combinations (3.28%), and the highest resistance to INH+RFP+SM combinations (1.83%). Sixteen isolates were resistant to all the four drugs, with a drug resistance rate of 1.22%. The proportions of resistance to a single drug, RFP resistance, multidrug resistance and resistance to two and more drugs were 10.31%, 5.50%, 4.73% and 4.73%, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of RFP resistance among all patients and treatment-naïve patients both showed a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2019 (P<0.05). The prevalence of RFP resistance (7.01% vs. 3.76%) and resistance to two and more drugs (6.01% vs. 3.25%) was both higher among interprovincial mobile tuberculosis patients than among local non-mobile patients (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall prevalence of drug resistance was lower in M. tuberculosis isolates in Jiaxing City from 2017 to 2019 than in Zhejiang Province, with INH and RFP resistance as predominant types.

Humans ; Mitral Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Dilatation ; Catheterization ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation