The development of bone in human body and the maintenance of bone mass in adulthood are regulated by a variety of biological factors. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), as one of the many factors regulating bone tissue development and balance, has been shown to play a key role in bone development and metabolism. However, there is limited systematic analysis on the effects of MEF2C on bone tissue. This article reviews the role of MEF2C in bone development and metabolism. During bone development, MEF2C promotes the development of neural crest cells (NC) into craniofacial cartilage and directly promotes cartilage hypertrophy. In terms of bone metabolism, MEF2C exhibits a differentiated regulatory model across different types of osteocytes, demonstrating both promoting and other potential regulatory effects on bone formation, with its stimulating effect on osteoclasts being determined. In view of the complex roles of MEF2C in bone tissue, this paper also discusses its effects on some bone diseases, providing valuable insights for the physiological study of bone tissue and strategies for the prevention of bone diseases.
Humans ; MEF2 Transcription Factors/physiology* ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Animals ; Bone Development/physiology* ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/physiology*

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance combined with aerobic chrono-exercise on the common carotid artery elasticity and hemodynamics. 24 healthy young men (21.96±0.43 years old) underwent a single acute resistance combined with aerobic exercise intervention at eight time periods (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 o'clock). The axial flow velocity and diameter waveforms of the common carotid artery were measured, and the hemodynamics were calculated using the classical hemodynamic theory before exercise, immediately after exercise, 10 min and 20 min after exercise. The results showed that during exercise recovery, systolic and mean pressures decreased more markedly after exercise at 8 o'clock (P < 0.05); At 20 min post-exercise, arterial stiffness index and pressure-strain elastic modulus after exercise at 6 o'clock were reduced compared with the resting state, but were significantly elevated after exercise at 20 o'clock (P < 0.05). Immediately after exercise, the pressure rise was higher after exercise at 6 o'clock and the mean wall shear stress was higher after exercise at 20 o'clock (P < 0.05). These results suggest that resistance combined with aerobic chrono-exercise produces different effects on common carotid artery hemodynamics in young men. A single acute session of resistance combined with aerobic exercise at 8 o'clock is more effective in lowering blood pressure. Exercise at 6 o'clock is beneficial to improve arterial elasticity but is not recommended for young male individuals with cardiovascular disease risks because of the excessive increase in blood pressure immediately after exercise. Exercise at 20 o'clock is more effective in improving wall shear stress but is accompanied by elevated arterial stiffness indices and pressure-strain elastic modulus. These results provide a scientific basis for healthy young men in choosing the time of exercise by exploring the common carotid artery elasticity and hemodynamic-related indices.
Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Exercise/physiology* ; Carotid Artery, Common/physiology* ; Hemodynamics/physiology* ; Vascular Stiffness/physiology* ; Elasticity ; Resistance Training ; Adult

In this experiment, self-assembled nanoparticles(SANs) were prepared by the pH-driven method, and Her-HCP SAN was constructed by using herpetrione(Her) and Herpetospermum caudigerum polysaccharides(HCPs). The average particle size and polydispersity index(PDI) were used as evaluation indexes for process optimization, and the quality of the final formulation was evaluated in terms of particle size, PDI, Zeta potential, and microstructure. The proposed Her-HCP SAN showed a spheroid structure and uniform morphology, with an average particle size of(244.58±16.84) nm, a PDI of 0.147 1±0.014 8, and a Zeta potential of(-38.52±2.11) mV. Her-HCP SAN significantly increased the saturation solubility of Her by 2.69 times, with a cumulative release of 90.18% within eight hours. The results of in vivo unidirectional intestinal perfusion reveal that Her active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) is most effectively absorbed in the jejunum, where both K_a and P_(app) are significantly higher compared to the ileum(P<0.001). However, the addition of HCP leads to a significant reduction in the P_(app) of Her in the jejunum(P<0.05). Furthermore, the formation of the Her-HCP SAN results in a notably lower P_(app) in the jejunum compared to Her API alone(P<0.001), while both K_a and P_(app) in the ileum are significantly increased(P<0.001, P<0.05). The absorption of Her-HCP SAN at different concentrations in the ileum shows no significant differences, and the pH has no significant effect on the absorption of Her-HCP SAN in the ileum. The addition of the transporter protein inhibitors(indomethacin and rifampicin) significantly increases the absorption parameters K_a and P_(app) of Her-HCP SAN in the ileum(P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas the addition of verapamil has no significant effect on the intestinal absorption parameters of Her-HCP SAN, suggesting that Her may be a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and breast cancer resistance proteins but not a substrate of P-glycoprotein.
Nanoparticles/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacokinetics* ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects* ; Animals ; Rats ; Particle Size ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Drug Compounding ; Cucurbitaceae/chemistry*

Y chromosome microdeletions are an important cause of male infertility. At present, research on the Y chromosome is mainly focused on analyzing the loss of large segments of the azoospermia factor a/b/c (AZFa/b/c) gene, and few studies have reported the impact of unit point deletion in the AZF band on fertility. This study analyzed the effect of sperm quality after sY1192 loss in 116 patients. The sY1192-independent deletion accounted for 41.4% (48/116). Eight patterns were found in the deletions associated with sY1192. The rate of sperm detection was similar in the semen of patients with the independent sY1192 deletion and the combined sY1192 deletions (52.1% vs 50.0%). The patients with only sY1192 gene loss had a higher probability of sperm detection than the patients whose sY1192 gene locus existed, but other gene loci were lost (52.1% vs 32.0%). The hormone levels were similar in patients with sY1192 deletion alone and in those with sY1192 deletion and other types of microdeletions in the presence of the sY1192 locus. After multiple intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) attempts, the pregnancy rate of spouses of men with sY1192-independent deletions was similar to that of other types of microdeletions, but the fertilization and cleavage rates were higher. We observed that eight deletion patterns were observed for sY1192 microdeletions of AZFb/c, dominated by the independent deletion of sY1192. After ICSI, the fertilization rate and cleavage rate of the sY1192-independent microdeletion were higher than those of other Y chromosome microdeletion types, but there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Pregnancy Outcome/genetics* ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/physiology* ; Semen Analysis ; Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations

Objective To investigate the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG)on the cardiac structure and function in obese patients with heart failure(HF)and compare the efficacy of LSG across obese patients with different HF types.Methods This study included 33 obese patients with HF who underwent LSG.The clinical indicators were compared between before operation and 12 months after operation.Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to evaluate the changes in echocardiographic parameters before operation and 3,6,and 12 months after operation.Patients were allocated into a HF with preserved ejection fraction group(n=17),a HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction group(n=5)and a HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)group(n=11)based on left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)before operation for subgroup analyses of the effects of LSG on the cardiac structure and function of obese patients with HF.The paired samples t-test was conducted to assess the degree of cardiac structural and functional alterations after LSG.Results The 33 patients included 69.7% males,with an average age of(35.3±9.9)years,and a body mass index(BMI)of(51.2±9.8)kg/m².The median follow-up was 9.0(5.0,13.3)months.Compared with the preoperative values,the postoperative BMI(P=0.002),body surface area(BSA)(P=0.009),waist circumference(P=0.010),hip circumference(P=0.031),body fat content(P=0.007),and percentage of patients with cardiac function grades Ⅲ-IV(P<0.001)decreased.At the 12-month follow-up left atrial diameter(P=0.006),right atrial long-axis inner diameter(RAD1)(P<0.001),right atrial short-axis inner diameter(RAD2)(P<0.001),right ventricular inner diameter(P=0.002),interventricular septal thickness at end-diastolic(P=0.002),and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes(P=0.004)and left ventricular end-systolic volumes(P=0.003) all significantly reduced compared with preoperative values.Additionally,left ventricular fractional shortening and LVEF improved(both P<0.001).Subgroup analyses revealed that cardiac structural parameters significantly decreased in the HF with preserved ejection fraction,HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction,and HFrEF subgroups compared with preoperative values.Notably,the HFrEF group demonstrated the best performance in terms of left atrial diameter(P=0.003),left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole(P=0.008),RAD1(P<0.001),RAD2(P=0.004),right ventricular inner diameter(P=0.019),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(P=0.004)and left ventricular end-systolic volume(P=0.001),cardiac output(P=0.006),tricuspid regurgitation velocity(P=0.002),and pulmonary artery systolic pressure(P=0.001) compared to preoperatively.Postoperative left ventricular fractional shortening(P<0.001,P=0.003,P<0.001)and LVEF(P<0.001,P=0.011,P=0.001)became higher in all the three subgroups than the preoperative values.Conclusions LSG decreased the body weight,BMI,and BSA,improved the cardiac function grade,reversed the enlargement of the left atrium and left ventricle,reduced the right atrium and right ventricle,and enhanced the left ventricular systolic function.It was effective across obese patients with different HF types.Particularly,LSG demonstrates the best performance in improving the structures of both atria and ventricles in obese patients with HFrEF.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Heart Failure/complications* ; Adult ; Obesity/physiopathology* ; Laparoscopy ; Middle Aged ; Heart/physiopathology* ; Stroke Volume

Objective To investigate the effects of trigonelline combined with aerobic exercise on hyperlipidemia rats and its mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group(normal diet),model group(hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding high fat diet),experimental-L,-H groups(high fat diet+15,45 mg·kg-1 trigonelline)and combine group(high fat diet+45 mg·kg-1 trigonelline+aerobic exercise).Each group had 11 rats.Serum lipid metabolism related indexes were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.Serum levels of 6 ketone prostaglandin F1a(6-keto-PGF1a);the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)in liver tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in liver tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR);Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of proprotein convertase subtilin/kexin 9 type(PCSK9)and low density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)protein in liver tissue.Results The serum TC levels in control group,model group,experimental-L group,experimental-H group and combine group were(1.81±0.10),(6.68±0.77),(5.10±0.44),(3.57±0.47)and(2.40±0.35)mmol·L-1;the levels of 6-keto-PGF1a were(841.47±86.74),(536.03±36.50),(664.06±52.44),(759.19±52.30)and(824.45±67.62)pg·mL-1;GOT levels were(11.95±0.88),(18.20±1.81),(15.05±1.10),(13.32±0.98)and(12.47±0.83)U·L-1;IL-1β mRNA expression levels were 1.00±0.09,2.21±0.17,1.57±0.10,1.26±0.16 and 1.14±0.09;the expression of PCSK9 protein were 0.39±0.07,0.88±0.08,0.71±0.08,0.60±0.04 and 0.52±0.07;LDLR protein levels were 1.12±0.13,0.52±0.07,0.74±0.11,0.84±0.08 and 0.96±0.11,respectively.Model group was compared with the control group,experimental-L group and experimental-H group were compared with model group respectively,combine group was compared with the experimental-H group,the differences of the above indexes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Trigonelline combined with aerobic exercise may inhibit the expression of PCSK9 and up-regulate the expression of LDLR to improve lipid metabolism,so as to play a lipid-lowering role in hyperlipidemia rats.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of rosuvastatin on liver injury induced by high fat diet in hyperlipidemia rats.Methods All rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and experimental group,with 10 rats in each group.Except the control group,hyperlipidiosis model rats were fed with high-fat diet combined with alcohol to construct hyperlipidiosis model rats.The experimental group was given 10 mg·kg-1 rosuvastatin by gavage,control group and model group were given gavage with 10 mL·kg-1 distilled water,once a day for 4 weeks.Serum lipids and liver function were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to analyze the expression of microRNA(miR)-185-3p and mastermind like transcription coactivator 1(MAML1);the expression levels of MAML1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)were detected by Western blot.Results The liver tissue injury scores of control group,model group and experimental group were 0.32±0.15,4.03±1.62 and 2.36±1.14;the TG levels were(4.95±0.86),(6.75±1.42)and(5.51±0.91)mmol·L-1;the TC were(2.36±0.48),(5.11±2.05)and(3.24±1.39)mmol·L-1;the LDL-C were(0.67±0.16),(1.73±0.42)and(1.03±0.25)mmol·L-1;the HDL-C were(0.72±0.23),(0.51±0.14)and(0.64±0.11)mmol·L-1;the GOT were(158.31±32.46),(253.19±49.27)and(187.52±53.46)U·L-1;the GPT values were(53.17±6.81),(79.64±13.92)and(55.63±9.11)U·L-1.Compared with the control group,the expression of miR-185-3p in the model group was significantly down-regulated,the expression of MAML1 and iNOS was significantly increased.Compared with the model group,the expression of miR-185-3p in the liver tissue of experimental group was significantly up-regulated,while the expression of MAML1 and iNOS was significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the control group and the model group(P＜0.05);the above data in the model group were statistically significant compared with the experimental group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Rosuvastatin inhibits the expression of MAML1 and iNOS by regulating miR-185-3p,thereby improving the liver injury induced by hyperlipidemia in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of naringin on hyperlipidemia in mice and to elucidate its mechanism.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,hyperlipidemia group and naringin group.Mice in hyperlipidemia group and naringin group were fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks,and hyperlipidemia model was established.The control group was fed normal diet.After successful modeling,naringin group mice were intragastric with 200 mg·kg-1 naringin per day,and mice in control group and hyperlipemia group were intragastric with 0.9％NaCl per day for 5 weeks.The blood of mice was collected for lipid detection.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)were detected by biochemical method.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression.Results The activity of SOD in liver tissue of mice in control group,hyperlipidemia group and naringin group were(58.43±6.27),(37.16±4.10)and(51.23±4.81)U·mg prot-1,respectively;CAT activities were(176.11±13.59),(112.65±10.02)and(158.46±14.37)U·mg prot-1,respectively;the contents of MDA were(3.15±0.74),(12.62±2.07)and(5.76±1.83)U·mg prot-1;the contents of GSH were(91.52±11.47),(34.16±4.62)and(71.64±8.79)U·mg prot-1,respectively;the relative protein expression levels of induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)were 0.28±0.05,4.26±1.13 and 0.94±0.19;the relative protein expression levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)were 1.32±0.18,0.84±0.11 and 1.49±0.16,respectively;the relative protein expression levels of cholesterol regulatory element binding protein(SREBP)were 1.76±0.24,5.78±1.21 and 2.93±0.42;the relative protein expression levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR)were 1.69±0.18,6.13±1.38 and 3.26±0.43,respectively.The above indexes in the control group and the naringin group were significantly different from those in the hyperlipidemia group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Naringin can effectively regulate the level of blood lipids,inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis in hyperlipidemia mice,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of AMPK/HMGCR/SREBP signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of hypericin on osteoporosis(OP)in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods COPD combined with OP rat model was established by cigarette combined with bacteria.The rats were randomly divided into control group,model group(COPD combined with OP model was constructed),experimental-L group(50 mg·kg-1 hypericin was given by intragastric administration after constructing COPD combined with OP model),experimental-H group(100 mg·kg-1 hypericin was given intragastric administration after constructing COPD combined with OP model),positive group(subcutaneous injection of 16 U·kg-1 salmon calcitonin after constructing COPD combined with OP model);each group was given 12 rats for 90 days.The lung function of rats was detected by pulmonary function apparatus;bone mineral density(BMD)was detected by micro-computed tomography(CT);serum bone metabolism and inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);Western blot assay was used to detect the relevant indicators of the pathway.Results The levels of forced vital capacity(FVC)in control group,model group,experimental-H group and positive group were(10.42±1.40),(4.10±0.60),(6.75±0.37),(4.18±0.33)mL,respectively;BMD levels were(0.31±0.04),(0.12±0.02),(0.28±0.03),(0.29±0.04)g·mm-3,respectively;bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)levels were(200.04±20.03),(80.80±6.00),(148.16±14.23),(173.97±23.55)U·L1,respectively;interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels were(122.60±8.70),(695.59±74.84),(422.41±44.86),(527.90±39.36)pg·mL-1,respectively;phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-P38)protein expression levels were 0.99±0.11,0.36±0.05,0.79±0.08,0.36±0.04,respectively.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in the model group had statistical significance(all P＜0.05);the above indexes in experimental-H group were significantly different from those in model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Hypericin can inhibit inflammatory response,improve bone metabolism and biomechanics.

Objective To observe the effect of multi-modal hand hygiene(HH)intervention on HH compliance,as well as the relationship between HH compliance and the healthcare-associated(HA)case infection incidence.Methods From 2014 to 2022,the infection control team in a tertiary first-class hospital implemented multi-modal HH intervention for health care workers(HCWs).The changing trend of HH monitoring data,the correlation be-tween HH compliance rate and HA case infection incidence were analyzed retrospectively.Results The consump-tion of HH products in the wards showed a stable upward trend;HH compliance rate increased from 64.98％in 2014 to 85.01％in 2022(P＜0.001),and HA case infection incidence decreased from 1.21％to 0.83％(P＜0.05).HH compliance rate was negatively correlated with HA case infection incidence(r=-0.369,P=0.027).HH compliance rates in different regions and job posts in each quarter were increased(P＜0.001).For 5 different HH moments in each quarter,HH compliance rate fluctuated slightly before sterile manipulation and after touching patient;presented rising trend after touching surroundings around patient,and decreased before touching patient and after touching patient's body fluid since 2020(P＜0.001).Conclusion Multi-modal HH intervention can im-prove the HH compliance of HCWs,improving their HH awareness is conducive to reducing HA case infection incidence.