Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children and pregnant women in different water iodine areas of Shandong Province.Methods:From February to September 2023, Leling City (iodine deficient), Gaotang County (moderate iodine), and Liangshan County (high iodine) in different water iodine areas of Shandong Province were selected as survey sites. One village was selected from each county (city) in five directions: east, west, south, north, and center. Forty children aged 8 to 10 years (balanced in age, half male and half female) and 20 pregnant women were selected as survey subjects in each village. Random urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to test for urinary iodine. Meanwhile, thyroid examinations were conducted on children to calculate the goiter rate.Results:A total of 600 urine samples of children were tested, with a median urinary iodine level of 246.0 μg/L. The median urinary iodine levels of children in iodine deficient, moderate iodine and high iodine areas were 219.6, 208.0 and 446.0 μg/L, respectively ( n = 200, 200, 200). The median urinary iodine level of children in high iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient and moderate iodine areas ( P < 0.05). A total of 600 children underwent thyroid examinations, with a goiter rate of 5.8% (35/600). The goiter rate of children in iodine deficient, moderate iodine, and high iodine areas were 4.0% (8/200), 1.0% (2/200), and 12.5% (25/200), respectively. The goiter rate of children in high iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient and moderate iodine areas ( P < 0.05). A total of 247 urine samples of pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine level of 158.2 μg/L. The median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women in iodine deficient, moderate iodine, and high iodine areas were 75.3, 175.2 and 321.2 μg/L, respectively ( n = 98, 84, 65). The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women in high iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient and moderate iodine areas, and the median urinary iodine level of pregnant women in moderate iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient area ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The urinary iodine levels of children and pregnant women and the goiter rate of children in high iodine area of Shandong Province are significantly increased, and water iodine may be a key factor affecting the iodine nutrition status of the population.

Objective To explore the characteristic changes in white matter microstructure in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients via automated fiber quantification(AFQ)technology,providing a basis for the identification and diagnosis of PD,and to analyze the feasibility of combining the AFQ method with support vector machine(SVM)in the diagnosis of PD.Methods Forty patients with primary PD(PD group)and 20 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were prospectively selected.The AFQ technology was applied for white matter fiber tract analysis.Statistical analyses were performed using FSL(v6.0)software and SPSS 27.0 software.Independent-sample t-tests were conducted for comparisons between groups in AFQ analysis.The AFQ method was used to analyze the relationship between diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)parameters and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores.Results(1)The results of AFQ analysis revealed that compared with the HC group,the PD group exhibited significantly lower fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right cingulum bundle,left cingulum bundle hippocampus,and left uncinate fasciculus,with no differences in the FA values of the remaining 17 fiber tracts.Moreover,PD group demonstrated higher mean diffusivity(MD)values in the left cingulum bundle,left cingulum bundle hippocampus,left inferior frontal occipital fasciculus,left inferior longitudinal fasciculus,left superior longitudinal fasciculus,and left uncinate fasciculus.These differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),while no significant differences were found in the MD values of the remaining 14 fiber tracts.Furthermore,the MD values of the left inferior frontal occipital fasciculus,and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus were negatively correlated with the MoCA scores.(2)The classification results of SVM showed that the best results were achieved when combining the differential nodes of FA and MD as classification features,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.922,an accuracy of 84.81%,a sensitivity of 87.50%,and a specificity of 82.05%.Conclusion The DTI parameters in PD patients can serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis.The AFQ methods provides an effective approach for detecting alterations white matter tract integrity,offering important insights for the identification and diagnosis of PD.The best results are achieved when combining the differential nodes of FA and MD as classification features.

Objective:To establish reference values for clot waveform analysis (CWA) and analyze their diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing acquired hemophilia A (AHA) and lupus anticoagulant (LA)-positive patients.Methods:Case-Control Study. A total of 391 healthy individuals(260 males and 131 females) with a mean age of 45.53±14.85 years were enrolled at Nanyang central Hospital between January 6, 2023 and October 10, 2024. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin time (TT) were measured to establish reference ranges for the CWA parameters, including maximal reaction velocity (Min1), maximal reaction acceleration (Min2), and maximal reaction deceleration (Max2). A total of 158 definitively diagnosed AHA and LA-positive patients (mean age:42.46±14.83 years), including 34 AHA patients and 124 LA-positive patients, were recruited. The Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences in the CWA parameters between the two groups. The diagnostic efficacy of CWA parameters in distinguishing AHA and LA-positive patients was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve AUC and the cut-off values were calculated. Results:The reference values for PT-Min1, APTT-Min1, APTT-Min2, APTT-Max2, TT-Min1, TT-Min2, TT-Max2 were 203.41-516.89, 144.63-324.03, 526.46-1 190.03, -404.96±157.22, 159.17±60.34, 272.29-686.99, and -289.47--113.76, respectively. Compared with the CWA parameters in AHA patients, APTT-Max2 was significantly lower in LA-positive patients [-422.74(-577.50, -239.22) vs. -68.87(-92.85,30.28), Z=-7.43, P<0.01], while PT-Min1, APTT-Min1, APTT-Min2, TT-Min1, TT-Min2 were significantly elevated [287.01(188.03, 382.50) vs. 107.45(90.20, 151.39), 972.88(601.20, 1 351.19) vs. 229.10(118.38, 371.67), Z=6.68, 6.69, all P<0.01]. ROC analysis demonstrated the APTT-CWA parameter exhibited high diagnostic efficacy in patients with AHA (AUC>0.900 for both).Additionally, APTT-Min1 and APTT-Max2 were found to be useful in distinguishing between AHA patients and those with LA-positive status accompanied by APTT prolongation (AUC=0.660, 0.700, respectively). Conclusions:Reference values for CWA parameters were successfully established. The APTT-CWA is useful for differentiating between AHA and LA-positive patients and APTT-Max2 demonstrated a good diagnostic value in differentiating AHA patients from those with LA-positive status accompanied by APTT prolongation.

Objective To investigate the changes in the concentration of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1(ESM-1)in cerebrospinal fluid during the acute phase of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury(TBI)and its relationship with injury severity and outcomes.Methods Eighty-four patients with moderate to severe TBI who underwent ventriculostomy for intracranial pressure(ICP)monitoring at Department of Neurosurgery,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Dec 2023 were selected as the study subjects,and their clinical data were collected.Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)upon admission,TBI patients were divided into moderate TBI group(GCS 9-12,n=48)and severe TBI group(GCS 3-8,n=36).According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)at three months post-injury,the moderate to severe TBI patients were categorized into poor outcome group(GOS 1-3)and good outcome group(GOS 4-5).Patients were also classified based on ICP monitoring values into a normal ICP group(ICP≤15 mmHg),a mildly elevated ICP group(15 mmHg

Objective To explore the correlation between fasting blood glucose(FBG)level and fractional flow reserve(FFR)in patients with borderline coronary artery disease,and to clarify its potential influence on FFR measurement.Methods From August 2020 to August 2023,the data of 135 patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease who received coronary angiography and FFR evaluation in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively collected.According to the exclusion and inclusion criteria,85 cases of borderline diseased vessels of single coronary artery with stenosis degree of 50％-80％were screened out,and they were divided into FBG≥6.1 mmol/L group(47 cases)and FBG＜6.1 mmol/L group(38 cases).The baseline data,angiographic and functional indexes of the two groups were compared,and the correlation between FBG and FFR was analyzed.Results Compared with the FBG＜6.1 mmol/L group,the FBG≥6.1 mmol/L group had a higher proportion of FFR negative results(72.3％vs.23.7％,P＜0.001),and the FFR measurement values were generally increased[0.84(0.80,0.90)vs.0.75(0.68,0.80),P＜0.001],with statistically significant differences.Pearson correlation analysis was performed on all lesions,and FFR＞0.80(negative result)was positively correlated with FBG≥6.1 mmol/L(r=0.484,P＜0.001).Conclusions Among the patients with borderline coronary artery disease(50％-80％stenosis)included in this study,FBG≥6.1 mmol/L is significantly correlated with FFR＞0.80.For patients with borderline coronary lesions with elevated FBG,the influence of blood glucose factors should be carefully considered in clinical interpretation of FFR results.

To investigate the phenotype and genomic characterization of a mucoid-type Salmonella Saintpaul ST50 isolate from a urinary tract infection patient,promoting clinical diagnosis and treatment for urinary tract infections caused by Salmo-nella spp.Culture-based quantitative counts of midstream urine sample from the patient were conducted,and further biochemi-cal identification,mass spectrometry detection,serum agglutination test and antimicrobial susceptibility test(AST)were con-ducted on Salmonella isolate(2024JD5).Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)was performed on isolate 2024JD5 to predict sero-type,multilocus sequence type(MLST),resistance genes,and virulence genes.Two smooth-type of Salmonella Saintpaul ST50 were selected as comparative genomic reference strains from the Chinese local Salmonella genome database.The literature reviews of global Salmonella serotype of urinary tract infection were summarized.Specific serum agglutination confir-mation of isolate 2024JD5 failed due to characterization of the mucus type.The strain 2024JD5 was predicted as Salmonella Saintpaul(4,5,12:e,h:1,2)ST50 using WGS,and was resistant to ciprofloxacin,nalidixic acid,chloramphenicol and tetracy-cline with carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6')-Ⅰaa and aph(3)-Ⅱa,chloramphenicol resistance gene floR,tetra-cycline resistance gene tet,quinolone resistance gene qnrS1,and S83Y substitution in the gyrA gene was found in the quinolo-ne resistance determination region(QRDR).In addition,the strain 2024JD4 carried six types of non-plasmid-based mobile ge-netic elements and 144 virulence genes,including 71 secretion transporter genes and 58 fimbriae adhesion genes,respectively.Four types of fimbriae regulatory genes(csgB,csgC,fimW,fimY)were absent in comparison with smooth-type Salmonella Saintpaul.The literature reviews showed Salmonella Saintpaul was currently a rare Salmonella serotype in cases of urinary tract infections worldwide.Salmonella Saintpaul ST50 with mucoid-type is the pathogen of urinary tract infection with multi-drug resistant phenotypic and genotypic characteristics,and the high mucoid expression may be related to the compensatory mechanism of fimbriae regulatory genes absence in urinary tract colonization and adaptation.WGS combined with the Chinese local Salmonella genome database can effectively solve the diagnosis and biosafety assessments of rare Salmonella phenotypes.

Objective To explore the relationship between insulin resistance and idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP)in girls and the diagnostic value of insulin resistance.Methods Clinical data of 245 girls aged 4 to 7.5 years with low luteinizing hormone(LH)levels(0.2-0.83 IU/L),normal body weight(body mass index standard deviation score between-2 and+2),and early breast development who visited the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology,Henan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2022 to March 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty(2022),patients were assigned to an ICPP group(n=123)or a control group(n=122).Correlations between the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and selected indices were assessed.Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between HOMA-IR and ICPP,and the diagnostic performance of various indices for ICPP was evaluated.Results HOMA-IR was higher in the ICPP group than in the control group(P<0.001)and was positively correlated with LH peak(rs=0.467,P<0.05)and the LH peak/FSH peak ratio(rs=0.444,P<0.05).The multivariable logistic regression model including age,BMI,and basal LH showed that HOMA-IR was closely associated with ICPP(OR=2.756,95%CI:1.940-3.913).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for basal LH,HOMA-IR,and their combination in diagnosing ICPP were 0.735,0.735,and 0.805,respectively(P<0.05),and the combined model had a greater area under the curve than either basal LH or HOMA-IR alone(both P<0.05).Conclusions HOMA-IR is closely associated with ICPP in girls with low LH and normal body weight,and combining HOMA-IR with basal LH improves early identification and diagnostic efficiency in this population.

Objective:To observe the effectiveness of combining mirror therapy with pneumatic flexible glove training in treating hand dysfunction after a stroke. Its effect on cerebral cortex activation was documented using near-infrared functional imaging of the brain.Methods:A total of 84 stroke survivors with hand dysfunction were randomly divided into a Mirror Group, a Glove Group and a Combined Group, each of 28. In addition to standard rehabilitation training, the Glove Group received 20 minutes of training with a pneumatic soft glove, 5 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks. The Mirror Group received mirror therapy (MT). The Combined Group was given both simultaneously. Before and after the treatment, everyone′s upper limb functioning was evaluated (using the Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb Assessment (FMA-U)), along with their hand motor skills (using the Arm Action Test (ARAT)) and their ability in daily living activities (using the Barthel Index (BI)). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to measure any changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO) concentration at 730nm and 850nm wavelengths.Results:The FMA-U, ATAT and BI scores in both the proximal and distal regions of all three groups showed significant improvement after the treatments compared to pre-treatment levels. The combined group demonstrated significantly better distal FMA-U and ARAT scores after the treatment (12.25±8.80 and 20.93±15.68 respectively), outperforming both the glove and mirror groups. The infrared spectroscopy revealed that bilateral SM1 activation, affected-side somatosensory association cortex (SAC) and supplementary motor cortex excitability in both the mirror and combined groups were significantly better than among the glove group after the experiment.Conclusions:Combined with pneumatic flexible glove training, mirror therapy can not only significantly improve the hand function of stroke survivors, but also activate the relevant brain regions of both hemispheres through bilateral motor patterns combined with multisensory stimulation, promoting the balance between hemispheres.

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of carbohydrate intake order on post-exercise recovery and metabolic regulation under heat stress, particularly in models of exercise induced fatigue. Given the increasing significance of optimizing nutritional strategies to support performance in extreme environmental conditions, this study aimed to provide experimental evidence that contributes to a better understanding of how the sequence in which carbohydrates are consumed impacts exercise recovery, metabolic homeostasis, and fatigue alleviation in a high-temperature environment. MethodsA mouse model of exercise-induced fatigue was established under high-temperature (35°C) to simulate heat stress. The subjects were divided into 3 distinct groups based on their carbohydrate intake order: the “mixed intake” group (HOT_MIX), where all macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) were consumed in a balanced ratio; the “carbohydrate-first intake” group (HOT_CHO), where carbohydrates were consumed first followed by other macronutrients; the “carbohydrate-later intake” group (HOT_PRO), where proteins and fats were consumed prior to carbohydrates. Each group underwent a 7 d intervention period with daily intake according to their designated group. Exercise performance was assessed using rotarod retention time test, and biomarkers of muscle damage, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), lactate (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), were measured. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics analyses were conducted to investigate metabolic shifts in response to different dietary strategies, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was employed to explore the biological mechanisms underlying these changes. ResultsThe findings demonstrated that the HOT_PRO group exhibited a significantly improved performance in the rotarod test, with a longer retention time compared to both the HOT_MIX and HOT_CHO groups (P<0.05). Additionally, this group showed significantly reduced levels of muscle damage markers such as LDH and CK, indicating that the carbohydrate-later intake strategy helped alleviate exercise-induced muscle injury. Metabolomic profiling of the HOT_PRO group showed marked increases in alanine, creatine, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), indicating shifts in amino acid metabolism and oxidative metabolism. Conversely, metabolites such as spermidine, cholesterol sulfate, cholesterol, and serine were significantly reduced in the HOT_PRO group, pointing to alterations in lipid and sterol metabolism. Further analysis of the differential metabolites revealed that these changes were primarily associated with key metabolic pathways, including glycine-serine-threonine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. These pathways are essential for energy production, antioxidant defense, and muscle recovery, suggesting that the carbohydrate-later feeding strategy may promote metabolic homeostasis and improve exercise recovery by enhancing these critical metabolic processes. ConclusionThe results of this study support the hypothesis that consuming carbohydrates after proteins and fats during exercise recovery enhances metabolic homeostasis and accelerates recovery under heat stress. This strategy effectively modulates energy, amino acid, and lipid-related pathways, which are crucial for improving endurance performance and mitigating fatigue in high-temperature environments. The findings suggest that carbohydrate-later intake could be a promising nutritional strategy for athletes and individuals exposed to heat during physical activity. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights into how different nutrient timing strategies can impact exercise recovery and metabolic regulation, paving the way for more personalized and effective nutritional interventions in extreme environmental conditions.