Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and trends of gonorrhea in Shiyan City in recent years, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods The network data of gonorrhea reported in Shiyan City from 2012 to 2023 were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics of reported gonorrhea cases in Shiyan City from 2012 to 2023 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological statistical analysis methods. Results A total of 2 224 cases of gonorrhea were reported in Shiyan City from 2012 to 2023, with an average annual incidence of 5.55/100 000. The annual incidence ranged from 3.46/100 000 to 7.58/100 000, with statistical significance (χ² trend =95.193, df=1, P<0.001). The incidence of gonorrhea was generally on the rise. The cases of gonorrhea were mainly concentrated in the two main urban areas of Maojian District and Zhangwan District, with the incidence rates of 13.64/100 000 and 7.01/100 000, respectively. The average incidence rate of gonorrhea in the main urban area was higher than that in other counties and urban areas (χ²=634.017, df=1, P<0.001). The incidence in males was much higher than that in females (χ²=1171.064, df=1, P<0.001), with a male to female ratio of 7.46:1. The age of the cases was mainly concentrated in the age group of 20-49 years, accounting for 82.01%. In terms of occupational distribution, the number of cases reported by household and unemployed, unknown and farmers ranked the top three, accounting for 41.55%, 22.98%, and 18.12%, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of gonorrhea in Shiyan City from 2012 to 2023 is generally on the rise. It is necessary to carry out timely intervention measures according to the epidemic characteristics of gonorrhea, monitor and educate key groups, and strengthen the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venereal diseases in order to effectively prevent the transmission of gonorrhea.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between the social network characteristics and mental health of elderly people in rural areas.Methods:A total of 274 elderly individuals aged 60 and above from rural communi-ties were selected.A self-designed structured interview questionnaire on social network structure was used to collect social network data,and Brief Version of the Mental Health Inventory for the Elderly(MHIE)was used to assess mental health levels.Based on the social escort model,the elderly people's social relationships were represented u-sing a three-tier concentric circle structure,indicating different levels of social relationship closeness.The structure of the social network included the size,frequency of contact,and intimacy of the relationships.The network size was represented by the number of nominators,and heterogeneity refers to the different types of relationships.Results:The concentric circle structure of the social network of rural elderly people consists of core family relationships,ex-tended family relationships,and friendships,from inner to outer circles.Regression analysis results showed that the heterogeneity of the social network was positively correlated with the MHIE scores(β=2.58).The intimacy of ex-tended family members and friends was positively correlated with the MHIE scores(β=1.07,0.87).The size of the extended family members was negatively correlated with the MHIE scores(β=-5.52).Conclusion:The het-erogeneity of the social network and intimacy play a positive role in the mental health of rural elderly people,while a large extended family network may impose psychological burdens.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between the social network characteristics and mental health of elderly people in rural areas.Methods:A total of 274 elderly individuals aged 60 and above from rural communi-ties were selected.A self-designed structured interview questionnaire on social network structure was used to collect social network data,and Brief Version of the Mental Health Inventory for the Elderly(MHIE)was used to assess mental health levels.Based on the social escort model,the elderly people's social relationships were represented u-sing a three-tier concentric circle structure,indicating different levels of social relationship closeness.The structure of the social network included the size,frequency of contact,and intimacy of the relationships.The network size was represented by the number of nominators,and heterogeneity refers to the different types of relationships.Results:The concentric circle structure of the social network of rural elderly people consists of core family relationships,ex-tended family relationships,and friendships,from inner to outer circles.Regression analysis results showed that the heterogeneity of the social network was positively correlated with the MHIE scores(β=2.58).The intimacy of ex-tended family members and friends was positively correlated with the MHIE scores(β=1.07,0.87).The size of the extended family members was negatively correlated with the MHIE scores(β=-5.52).Conclusion:The het-erogeneity of the social network and intimacy play a positive role in the mental health of rural elderly people,while a large extended family network may impose psychological burdens.

Background::Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods::We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0-5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018).Results::Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.77) and overall crystallized intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.54) than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores. The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status. Additionally, maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance, with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking, weekly exercise, and diversified diet. When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle, we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence. Conclusions::Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood, regardless of socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.

Chinese Journalof Stomatology has issued eighty papers on Chinese stomatology history in seventy years. According to three stages of the journal,statistics of the quantity and themes of the issued papers are compiled: the number of issued papers increased while the theme shifted from Chinese stomatology history before 1912 to Chinese contemporary stomatology history. Research methods shifted from the comparatively scanty summary or induction on literature and cultural relics materials to multidisciplinary approaches. Early researches testified the achievments of senior scholars such as Zhou Dacheng and Mao Xiejun in the field while research teams represented by colleges and research institutions have published varied research topics in recent years. As the research deepens, platforms for issuing stomatology papers have been expanded and more subjects have been cross-disciplined. Varieties of academic monographs on stomatology history and stomatology education history have been published, among which Zhou Dacheng's Historic textual research of Chinese stomatology can be regarded as a milestone in the field. Comparing with other fields of stomatology, current research on stomatology history still has much more gaps to fill. The academic community should put more emphasis on talent training, discipline construction, research approaches, museum construction, as well as the cooperation between Chinese and western medical sciences so that to assist in the long-term development of the research.

Objective To investigate the effect of blood transfusion physicians for participating in clinical consultation to provide a reference for blood transfusion physicians participating in clinical practice.Methods The clinical data in 5 224 inpatients receiving blood transfusion before the blood transfusion physicians participating in clinical consultation (from January 2010 to December 2015) and after participating in clinical consultation (from January 2013 to December 2015) were retrospectively analyzed.Results The occurrence rates of blood transfusion adverse reactions before and after the blood transfusion physicians participating in clinical consultation were 2.39 ％ and 1.48 ％ respectively (x2 =5.674,P=0.021),the blood transfusion ratios of inpatients were 4.85 ％ and 3.55 ％ respectively (x2 =135.5,P＜0.01),the average allogeneic blood transfusion volumes were 0.563 U and 0.420 U (t=3.986,P=0.016),and the constituent ratios of mild,moderate andsevere anemia were 5.40％ and 0.23 ％,29.60％ and 17.90％,and 65.00％ and 81.80％ respectively (x2 =237.6,P＜0.01).Conclusion Participating in clinical consultation by the blood transfusion physicians is conducive to clinical treatment.

Objective To label granulocytes in a state of differentiation in mouse bone marrow (BM) with EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) for further understanding the changes in granulocyte produc-tion at different stages of differentiation during inflammation. Methods C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal-ly (i.p.) injected with EdU and heat-inactivated Escherichia coli(HI E.coli). BM cells were harvested at different time points after HI E.coli injection and then stained with fluorescent-conjugated antibodies(Abs). Myeloblasts,promyelocytes,myelocytes, metamyelocytes and band and segmented neutrophils were identi-fied by fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS). The percentage of EdU-positive cells in each population was recorded. Results The percentage of EdU-positive myeloblasts in mice increased by 10.0% at 24 h af-ter intraperitoneal injection with HI E.coli,but decreased by 75.0% and 23.0% at 48 h and 72 h,respec-tively. The percentage of EdU-positive promyelocytes declined by 23.0%,54.5%,64.3% and 77.8% at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h,respectively. The percentage of EdU-positive myelocytes increased by 60.0% and 10.0% at 24 h and 48 h,but decreased by 80.0% and 90.0% at 72 h and 96 h. The percentage of EdU-positive metamyelocytes increased by 50.0% at 24 h,but decreased by 33.3%,61.5% and 66.7% at 48 h,72 h and 96 h. The percentage of EdU-positive band and segmented cells increased by 14.0% at 24 h,but decreased by 50.0%, 77.8% and 88.0% at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. Conclusion Emergency granulopoiesis occurred 24 h after the establishment of HI E.coli-induced model of acute peritonitis, which meant that the proliferation of myeloid precursor cells,especially that of myelocytes and metamyelocytes,was accelerated and resulted in increasing number of mature neutrophils immigrating to sites of inflammation.

Objective To describe the status of prevalence,awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension among the residents in severe historical endemic areas of Keshan Disease in Heilongjiang Province,and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of hypertension.Methods In December 2015,Yongjin,Yongli groups of Yongjin Village,and Fengnian,Fengtian,Fengfu groups of Fengnian Village in Fanrong Township,Fuyu County,Qiqihaer City,Heilongjiang Province were selected via the cross-sectional method.The residents aged 18 years or older were surveyed as respondents by cluster sampling.Demography,risk factors,hypertension related information were collected through questionnaire survey.Blood pressure,height and weight were measured through physical examination.Blood pressure measurement was conducted with Omron HEM-1020 electronic sphygmomanometer,the diagnostic criteria was Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (revised in 2010).Results Totally 683 residents were surveyed,the valid participants were 669,the prevalence of hypertension was 49.2％ (329/669),the standardized prevalence was 37.9％,the prevalence of men [58.0％ (164/283)] was higher than that of women [42.7％ (165/386),x2 =15.103,P ＜ 0.01],the prevalence increased with increasing age (total,men,women:x2tendency =9.044,4.560,7.789,all P ＜ 0.01).The awareness of hypertensive patients was 60.8％ (200/329),the standardized awareness was 41.2％,the awareness of men [54.3％ (89/164)] was lower than that of women [67.3％ (111/165),x2 =5.836,P ＜ 0.05],the awareness of hypertensive patients increased with increasing age (total,men,women:x2tendency =3.638,2.686,2.419,all P ＜ 0.05).The treatment of hypertensive patients was 51.1％ (168/329),the treatment of men [43.9％ (72/164)] was lower than that of women [58.2％ (96/165),x2=6.711,P ＜ 0.05],the treatment of hypertensive patients increased with increasing age (total,men,women:x2tendency =4.422,2.704,3.633,all P ＜ 0.01).The control rate of hypertensive patients was 5.5％ (18/329),the control rate among the treatment was 10.7％ (18/168).Conclusions The standardized prevalence of hypertension among the residents of the severe historical endemic areas of Keshan disease in Heilongjiang Province is higher than the national average (25.2％),the standardized awareness is lower than the national average (46.5％),the treatment and the control are low.We should pay more attention to the hypertension in the severe historical endemic areas of Keshan disease.

Objective To investigate the relevance ratio of abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and describe the abnormal ECG index among the residents in Keshan disease (KD) area.To assess the KD illness severity and provide comparable quantitative indicators,provide the scientific basis for elimination of KD.Methods Non probability sampling method was used,and monitoring stations with the highest incidence of KD at the county level were selected in 2012.Clinical examination and 12 lead ECG was carried out.According to The KD Diagnosis Standard (WS/T 210-2011),eight common changes in ECG of KD were scored.According to age and sex group,check the abnormal rate of ECG detection of Keshan disease,while analysed the changes of abnormal ECG index score in latent KD patients and chronic KD patients.Abnormal ECG index to determine:If there was one change,the score was 1 and the abnormal ECG index was 1.And so on,the highest score was 8.Results Totally 61 831 residents were surveyed and 9 634 were found with abnormal ECG,and the relevance ratio of abnormal ECG was 15.58％;totally 3 862 residents had eight ECG changes of KD and the relevance ratio was 6.25％;totally 508 residents were diagnosed with KD and the relevance ratio was 0.82％.The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG among all age groups was statistically different (x2 =3 065.64,P ＜ 0.05).The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG in women was higher than that of men [3.91％ (2 419/61 831) vs 2.33％ (1 443/61 831),x2 =86.30,P＜ 0.05].Abnormal ECG index score was (1.06 ± 0.25) which was not statistically different between gender [men:(1.07 ± 0.27) vs women:(1.06 ± 0.24),t =1.41,P ＞ 0.05].The abnormal ECG index score in latent KD patients was lower than that of chronic KD patients [(1.09 ± 0.30) vs (1.60 ± 0.69),t =-4.87,P ＜ 0.05].In eight ECG changes,the most check out items were T wave and/or ST segment changes (2 816).Conclusions The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG in KD area is at a higher level.The abnormal ECG index can be used to assess the KD illness severity and provide comparable quantitative indicators,in order to provide a new train of thought for the evaluation of KD elimination.

Thyroid dysfunction is particularly common during pregnancy , which may affect pregnancy outcomes , and harm maternal and child health.Since release of 2011 pregnancy thyroid-stimulating hormont(TSH) diag-nostic guidelines by American Thyroid Association (ATA).In 2012,Endocrinology branch and Perinatal Medi-cine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association jointly issued the “pregnancy and postpartum thyroid disease di-agnosis and treatment guidelines”, it is important that each laboratory has its own reference interval for diagnosing thyroid disorders in pregnancy.This article discussed trimester-specific thyroid hormone reference of the area in where the auther live.