Objective To explore the repair effect and mechanism of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells(hAMSCs)on endometrial injury.Methods hAMSCs were isolated using a two-enzyme digestion and then cultured.The third-passage(P3)cells were harvested to detect the surface markers by flow cytometry and to identify their trilineage differentiation potentials.Eighteen nulliparous female SD rats(8～9 weeks old,weighing 250～280 g)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6):normal control group,model group,and hAMSCs group.A rat model of intrauterine adhesions(IUA)was established in SD rats by using curettage combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)infection.In 2 weeks after modeling,the hAMSCs group received a bilateral uterine horn transplantation of 0.2 mL hAMSCs(1.0×10? cells/mL),while the model group received a same volume of PBS into both uterine horns.All rats were sacrificed in 2 weeks after transplantation.HE and Masson staining was used to observe endometrial thickness and gland number as well as endometrial fibrosis area.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1,Smad3,Smad7,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers(E-cadherin,Vimentin),fibrosis factor α-SMA,and endometrial estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR)in endometrial tissues.Results The obtained cells were identified as hAMSCs due to the characteristics of surface markers and differentiation potentials.Compared with the normal control group,the model group showed decreased endometrial thickness,reduced gland number,increased fibrosis area,and enhanced mRNA and protein levels of fibrosis-related factors TGF-β1,Smad3,Vimentin,and α-SMA(P<0.01),while down-regulation of fibrosis-inhibiting molecule Smad7,the EMT marker E-cadherin,and endometrial receptors ER and PR at both mRNA and protein levels(P<0.01).hAMSCs transplantation increased endometrial thickness and gland number,decreased fibrosis area,and down-regulated mRNA expression of the aforementioned fibrosis-related factors(P<0.01),and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Smad7,E-cadherin,ER,and PR(P<0.01).The hAMSCs group also exhibited obviously down-regulated protein levels of TGF-β1,Smad3,and α-SMA(P<0.05),while enhanced protein levels of Smad7 and PR(P<0.05).Conclusion Intrauterine transplantation of hAMSCs can promote the repair of endometrial injury,and inhibits endometrial EMT and fibrosis through the TGF-β1/Smad7 signaling pathway.

Objective This study aims to investigate possible hub genes,associated pathways,and transcription fac-tors between chronic periodontitis(CP)and Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Gene expression profiles of CP(GSE16134,GSE23586,and GSE10334)and PD(GSE20141 and GSE49036)were downloaded from the gene expres-sion omnibus(GEO)database for differential expression analysis and functional clustering analysis.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed,and hub genes were screened by four topological analysis algorithms and modular segmentation.Functional clustering analysis was performed.The hub genes were validated by external datasets of CP and PD,and causal relation was further assessed by Mendelian randomization(MR).Results After merging the data,1 211 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened in the CP datasets;of which,551 were upregulated and 660 were downregulated.A total of 2 407 DEGs were screened in the PD dataset,of which,1 438 were upregulated and 969 were downregulated.The PPI network included 145 nodes and 126 edges.Four hub genes(FCGR3B,PRF1,IL18,and CD33)and three transcription factors(HSF1,HSF2,and HSF4)were finally screened.The relevant pathway was pre-dominantly natural killer(NK)cell-mediated toxic effects.The MR results suggest a possible positive causal relationship between CP and the risk of developing PD.Conclusion This study indicated the probably shared pathophysiology and possible causal relationship between CP and PD and may offer novel concepts and therapeutic targets for future mecha-nistic investigations.

Objective:To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) in mice.Methods:Totally 225 adult male Kunming mice were selected to establish CO poisoning model via intraperitoneal injection carbon monoxide (CO), and were randomly divided into the air control group, CO poisoning group, and HBO group. Each group was further divided into five time points group, that was 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. The mice in the air control group were injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of air, and the HBO group received HBO treatment at the same time every day. DEACMP mice model was screened by behaviors using the open field test, new object recognition test and nesting test, and the content of myelin basic protein (MBP) were assayed. The mouse brain tissue and mitochondrial were prepared and malonialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. MBP content in brain tissue and cytochrome C (CytC) content in the mitochondrial were measured by ELISA. The mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the air control group, the content of carboxyhemoglobin (COHB) in blood increased significantly and the content of MBP in brain tissue decreased significantly in CO poisoning mice. CO poisoning mice showed motor ability and cognitive dysfunction. Compared with the air control group, the contents of MMP, CytC and ATP were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) in the CO poisoning group; while the MDA content was significantly increased ( P<0.01). Compared with the CO poisoning group, mice behaviors were improved significantly ( P<0.05), the content of MBP, MMP, CytC and ATP were increased ( P<0.05), while the MDA content decreased significantly ( P<0.01) in the HBO group. Conclusions:The abnormal mitochondrial function might be closely related to the occurrence and development of DEACMP, and HBO therapy plays an effective role in preventing and treating the DEACMP mice model via the mitochondrial pathway.

Writing and publishing biomedical research papers in English for academic purposes (EAP) has become an essential requirement for medical postgraduates in China. To face this challenge, medical postgraduates need adapt themselves to the local environment of English as a second language and the transformation from writing for examinations to writing for application. This change determines the features of biomedical research papers, including being application-oriented, using clear and concise language, organizing the discourse by specific genre rules, and assessing the quality according to the completion of communicative purposes. Based on these features, students can exploit the learning strategies of choosing a word suited for the style, structuring a sentence according to the logic, creating a paragraph of continuity and one main idea, and composing the discourse in line with the genre. These strategies may help medical postgraduates effectively improve their ability to write biomedical research papers in English.

After in-depth needs analysis, we combined our previously written textbook with digitalized platform by information technology, and proposed construction principles guided by English for academic purposes (EAP) theories. Through scientific design and ongoing modification, we finally developed an open online digital course with academic and practical properties. The course received positive feedback after release online. It may become an effective way to improve research paper writing skills for medical postgraduates and provide references for medical colleges to develop other EAP digital courses.

Objective:To investigate the effect of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on ovarian function and endometrial receptivity in mice with autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).Methods:POI mouse was induced by treatment with zona pellucida 3 polypeptide fragment-Freund immune adjuvant. The animals were divided into normal group ( n=10), model group ( n=15) and hAMSCs group ( n=15). hAMSCs (1×10 6 cells/mouse) were transplanted by tail vein single injection. The oestrus cycles were evaluated by vaginal smears. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Morphological changes of ovarian and uterus tissues were observed after HE staining. The expressions of homeobox A10 (HOXA10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and FSH receptor (FSHR) proteins in uterine were measured by immunohistochemistry. The endometrial receptivity was comprehensively assessed. Results:After hAMSCs transplanting 6 weeks, the rate of abnormal oestrus cycles in hAMSCs group [40.0% (6/15)] was lower than that in model group [86.7% (13/15), P=0.021]. Compared with the levels of serum FSH [(10.239±1.091) μg/L], estradiol [(103.325±4.952) ng/L] and AMH [(1.133±0.494) μg/L] in model group, the level of FSH in hAMSCs group [(7.664±0.735) μg/L] was significantly decreased ( P<0.001), the levels of estradiol [(126.883±23.370) ng/L] and AMH [(2.204±0.453) μg/L] were significantly increased in hAMSCs group ( P=0.015, P<0.001). Different from model group, the ovarian and uterine index were increased. A large number of healthy follicles at all stages were highly increased, but it was rare to find interstitial fibrosis and atresia follicles. The uterine wall and endometrium were thickened, and the number and volume of the glands were increased. The absorbance ( A) of HOXA10 in hAMSCs group (5.90±1.94) was higher than that in model group (2.79±1.27, P=0.029). The TNF-α A value of hAMSCs (3.83±1.23) group was significantly lower than that of model group (6.26±0.96, P=0.002). Although there was no significant difference on FSHR A value between hAMSCs group (3.61±1.66) and model group (2.74±0.22, P>0.05), the FSHR A value of model group was lower than that of normal group (4.13±0.54, P=0.006). Conclusion:hAMSCs transplantation could restore ovarian function of autoimmune POI mice meanwhile significantly improve uterine receptivity and fertility.

Objective:To investigate the effect of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on ovarian function and endometrial receptivity in mice with autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).Methods:POI mouse was induced by treatment with zona pellucida 3 polypeptide fragment-Freund immune adjuvant. The animals were divided into normal group ( n=10), model group ( n=15) and hAMSCs group ( n=15). hAMSCs (1×10 6 cells/mouse) were transplanted by tail vein single injection. The oestrus cycles were evaluated by vaginal smears. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Morphological changes of ovarian and uterus tissues were observed after HE staining. The expressions of homeobox A10 (HOXA10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and FSH receptor (FSHR) proteins in uterine were measured by immunohistochemistry. The endometrial receptivity was comprehensively assessed. Results:After hAMSCs transplanting 6 weeks, the rate of abnormal oestrus cycles in hAMSCs group [40.0% (6/15)] was lower than that in model group [86.7% (13/15), P=0.021]. Compared with the levels of serum FSH [(10.239±1.091) μg/L], estradiol [(103.325±4.952) ng/L] and AMH [(1.133±0.494) μg/L] in model group, the level of FSH in hAMSCs group [(7.664±0.735) μg/L] was significantly decreased ( P<0.001), the levels of estradiol [(126.883±23.370) ng/L] and AMH [(2.204±0.453) μg/L] were significantly increased in hAMSCs group ( P=0.015, P<0.001). Different from model group, the ovarian and uterine index were increased. A large number of healthy follicles at all stages were highly increased, but it was rare to find interstitial fibrosis and atresia follicles. The uterine wall and endometrium were thickened, and the number and volume of the glands were increased. The absorbance ( A) of HOXA10 in hAMSCs group (5.90±1.94) was higher than that in model group (2.79±1.27, P=0.029). The TNF-α A value of hAMSCs (3.83±1.23) group was significantly lower than that of model group (6.26±0.96, P=0.002). Although there was no significant difference on FSHR A value between hAMSCs group (3.61±1.66) and model group (2.74±0.22, P>0.05), the FSHR A value of model group was lower than that of normal group (4.13±0.54, P=0.006). Conclusion:hAMSCs transplantation could restore ovarian function of autoimmune POI mice meanwhile significantly improve uterine receptivity and fertility.

Objective:To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in bone marrow fluid and peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its effect on the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC).Methods:Fifty bone marrow fluid samples and 50 peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 patients with AML diagnosed in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from October 2017 to January 2019, of which 17 patients were newly diagnosed, 26 patients were complete remission (CR), and 7 patients were partial remission (PR) or non-remission (NR). Fifty plasma samples from 50 healthy subjects and 50 bone marrow fluid samples from 50 patients with iron deficiency anemia were used as the controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of MIF protein in the samples, and the relationship between MIF expression level and clinicopathological characteristics of AML patients was analyzed. BM-MSC was successfully isolated and cultured from 42 bone marrow fluid samples of AML patients, the suitable samples for experiment were chosen and divided into BM-MSC control group (untreated BM-MSC), recombinant human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (rhMIF) group and rhMIF+ISO-1 group. ELISA and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression level of IL-8 protein and mRNA in each BM-MSC group.Results:The expression levels of MIF protein in bone marrow fluid and plasma in AML group were (24.9±7.7) ng/ml and (60.5±12.1) ng/ml, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01), and those in control group were (5.3±2.6) ng/ml and (2.0±1.1) ng/ml, respectively, and there were statistical differences between the two groups (t values were 136.71, 33.97 and 17.58, all P < 0.01). MIF protein expression levels in bone marrow fluid and plasma of AML patients in newly diagnosed group and PR+NR group were higher than those in CR group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). MIF protein expression levels were higher in bone marrow fluid and plasma of patients with ≥60 years of age, peripheral blood white blood cell count ≥30×10 9/L and bone marrow myeloblast ratio > 0.50 (all P < 0.05), but the differences were not statistically significant between patients with different gender (both P > 0.05). The detection results of each BM-MSC group showed that rhMIF promoted the IL-8 expression in BM-MSC at the gene and protein levels, which could be inhibited by the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 (all P < 0.01). Conclusion:The increased expression levels of MIF in bone marrow fluid and plasma of patients with AML are associated with the disease progression, and rhMIF can promote the expression of IL-8 in BM-MSC.

Writing and publishing biomedical research papers in English for academic purposes (EAP) has become an essential requirement for medical postgraduates in China. To face this challenge, medical postgraduates need adapt themselves to the local environment of English as a second language and the transformation from writing for examinations to writing for application. This change determines the features of biomedical research papers, including being application-oriented, using clear and concise language, organizing the discourse by specific genre rules, and assessing the quality according to the completion of communicative purposes. Based on these features, students can exploit the learning strategies of choosing a word suited for the style, structuring a sentence according to the logic, creating a paragraph of continuity and one main idea, and composing the discourse in line with the genre. These strategies may help medical postgraduates effectively improve their ability to write biomedical research papers in English.

With globalization of biomedicine,Chinese postgraduates in medical colleges are facing increasing challenges.Writing and publishing research papers in English have become an essential requirement for their graduation and career development,but for non-native English speakers,having a good command of English for academic purposes (EAP) is of special difficulty.In China,lack of self-written textbooks is a bottleneck that restricts the teaching of EAP.Therefore,guided by EAP theories,this study carries out in-depth demand analysis for graduate students in medical colleges and universities,and designs a textbook framework with genre analysis theory.Based on self-established corpus finally completed an EAP writing textbook for postgraduates of biomedicine.This textbook and the writing and research process can provide implications for construction of EAP textbooks in other principles,thus promoting the all-round development of postgraduate education in China.