Vitrification cryopreservation technology converts the liquid water in biological samples into glassy solids through ultra-rapid cooling. In this review, the core research of vitrification cryopreservation technology was mainly reviewed, such as the optimization of cryoprotectant formulations, the improvements to temperature control methods, the innovative carrier designs and the improvements to rewarming technology. The application status and issues in the fields of organ preservation, tumor research, reproductive medicine and rare cell preservation were also summarized. By combining the technical principles with glassy state detection methods, a theoretical basis was provided for optimizing the technical system and expanding application scenarios, thereby promoting its large-scale application in clinical and biological sample libraries.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of honey in preoperative bowel preparation for colonoscopy in hospitalized patients.Methods 87 patients from April 2022 to July 2022 and underwent preoperative bowel preparation for colonoscopy were selected as the research subjects.Convenience sampling was used to divide them into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=44).The control group received a conventional regimen of taking compound polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte powder(Heshuang),while the observation group added 20 mL of honey to the Heshuang solution.Compare the cleanliness of intestine,and palatability of the taste,the incidence of adverse reactions,satisfaction of patients,and the rate of willingness for prepeat bowel preparation between the two groups.Results The intestinal cleanliness of the two groups of patients was equivalent,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The incidence and severity of nausea,abdominal bloating,hypoglycemia,and anal irritation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The observation group had better taste,patients satisfaction,and the willingness for prepeat bowel preparation compared to the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Honey can improve the taste of Heshuang,reduce the severity of oral adverse reactions,increase patient satisfaction,and increase the rate of willingness for prepeat bowel preparation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pachymic acid (PA) against TNBS-induced Crohn's disease (CD)-like colitis in mice and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomized equally into control group, TNBS-induced colitis model group and PA treatment group. PA treatment was administered via intraperitoneal injection at the daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 7 days, and the mice in the control and model groups were treated with saline. After the treatments, the mice were euthanized for examination of the disease activity index (DAI) of colitis, body weight changes, colon length, intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier function and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the colonic mucosa were detected using ELISA. The possible treatment targets of PA in CD were predicted by network pharmacology. String platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. David database was used to analyze the GO function and KEGG pathway; The phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT in the colonic mucosal was detected with Western blotting. RESULTS: PA significantly alleviated colitis in TNBS-treated mice as shown by improvements in the DAI, body weight loss, colon length, and histological inflammation score and lowered levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. PA treatment also significantly improved FITC-dextran permeability, serum I-FABP level and colonic transepithelial electrical resistance, and inhibited apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells in TNBS-treated mice. A total of 248 intersection targets were identified between PA and CD, and the core targets included EGFR, HRAS, SRC, MMP9, STAT3, AKT1, CASP3, ALB, HSP90AA1 and HIF1A. GO and KEGG analysis showed that PA negatively regulated apoptosis in close relation with PI3K/AKT signaling. Molecular docking showed that PA had a strong binding ability with AKT1, ALB, EGFR, HSP90AA1, SRC and STAT3. In TNBS-treated mice, PA significantly decreased p-PI3K and p-AKT expressions in the colonic mucosa. CONCLUSION PA ameliorates TNBS-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice by antagonizing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells possibly by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling.
Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Crohn Disease ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Interleukin-6 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Colitis/chemically induced* ; Inflammation ; Apoptosis ; ErbB Receptors

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is considered an immune privileged system as it is separated from the periphery by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Yet, immune functions have been postulated to heavily influence the functional state of the CNS, especially after injury or during neurodegeneration. There is controversy regarding whether adaptive immune responses are beneficial or detrimental to CNS injury repair. In this study, we utilized immunocompromised SCID mice and subjected them to spinal cord injury (SCI). We analyzed motor function, electrophysiology, histochemistry, and performed unbiased RNA-sequencing. SCID mice displayed improved CNS functional recovery compared to WT mice after SCI. Weighted gene-coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of spinal cord transcriptomes revealed that SCID mice had reduced expression of immune function-related genes and heightened expression of neural transmission-related genes after SCI, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis and was consistent with better functional recovery. Transcriptomic analyses also indicated heightened expression of neurotransmission-related genes before injury in SCID mice, suggesting that a steady state of immune-deficiency potentially led to CNS hyper-connectivity. Consequently, SCID mice without injury demonstrated worse performance in Morris water maze test. Taken together, not only reduced inflammation after injury but also dampened steady-state immune function without injury heightened the neurotransmission program, resulting in better or worse behavioral outcomes respectively. This study revealed the intricate relationship between immune and nervous systems, raising the possibility for therapeutic manipulation of neural function via immune modulation.

Objective: To establish a CT image radiomics-based prediction model for the differential diagnosis of silicosis and tuberculosis nodules. Methods: A total of 53 patients with silicosis and 89 patients with tuberculosis who underwent routine CT scans in Suzhou Fifth People's Hospital from January to August, 2018 were enrolled in this study. AK/ITK software was used to segment the images to obtain 139 silicosis lesions and 119 tuberculosis lesions. For each lesion image, 396 features were extracted, and feature dimension reduction was applied to select the most characteristic feature subset. Support vector machine (SVM) , feedforward back propagation neural network (FNN-BP) , and random forest (RF) were implemented using R software (Rstudio V1.1.463) , and the algorithm that achieved the largest area under of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was selected as the final prediction model. Results: RF was the best prediction model for the differential diagnosis of silicosis and tuberculosis nodules, with an accuracy of 83.1%, a sensitivity of 0.76, a specificity of 0.9, and an AUC of 0.917 (95% confidence interval: 0.8431-0.9758) . RF had a significantly larger AUC than SVM and FNN-BP (P<0.05) . Conclusion CT image-based RF prediction model can be used to differentially diagnose silicosis and tuberculosis nodules.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with pan retinal photocoagulation and trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma(NVG). Methods Seventeen eyes of 15 patients with NVG were treated by 0.5 mg Lucentis intravitreal injection first. Trabeculectomy was performed 7 days later and Pan retinal photocoagulation 2 weeks later. Iris,anterior chamber angle neovascularization,intraocu?lar pressure ,and visual acuity were observed in the following 6 months. Results Iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization were completely regressed 7 days after the injection in 17 eyes. Six months after photocoagulation, 6 eyes had different degrees of improvement in visual acuity,10 eyes no change in visual acuity and 1 eye decreased from anterior index to immediate manual. There was significant difference in pre?treatment IOP and postoperative IOP( t = 12.75 ,10.26 ,9.73 ,10.77 ,P < 0.01 ). No serious complications were observed after intravitreal injec?tion and trabeculectomy. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of Lucentis could significantly accelerate the regres?sion of iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization ,which could improve the successful rate of trabeculecto?my and pan retinal photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation is safe and effective for NVG.

Objective To investigate the blood supply to sclera near the extrocular rectus end area by fluorescence angiogra -phy in rabbits , so as to provide evidence for the preservation of the sclera flap size in the implantation of artificial eye .Methods Ten healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for the study and underwent evisceration .After excision of the optic nerve and the posterior sclera , sclerotomy was performed , but the sclera flap with four petals remained intact .Sodium fluorescin was injected into the auricular vein for the observation of staining in the deep sclera flap .Results Instantaneous staining range of scleral fluoresce by fluores-cence angiography was within 4 mm to 7 mm near the extraocular rectus muscle end area .Conclusion In the hydroxyapatite orbital im-plantation, the small autoscleral flap with extraocular rectus muscle should be preserved to prevent the implant from exposure .

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia inducible factor-1ɑknocked down by small interfering RNA ( siR-NA) on cell proliferation , apoptosis and apoptotic pathways of human Y-79 RB cells.Methods Cell proliferation , HIF-1ɑmRNA and protein levels were measured by MTT , RT-PCR and Western Blot on human Y-79 RB cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions , respectively .siRNA knockdown against HIF-1ɑwas carried out to suppress the expression of HIF-1ɑ.Cell apotosis was determined by double staining cells with the annexin V-FITC and PI.Caspase activity was assessed by the fluorometric assay .Biostatistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 16.0 software package.Results A multifold increase in HIF-1ɑmRNA and protein levels were observed af-ter cells were exposed to the hypoxic environment at 0 h,4 h,8 h and 12 h.Both mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1ɑwere attenuated or abolished by transfection with siRNA H IF-ɑunder normoxic and hypoxic conditions .Futhermore,knockdown of HIF-1ɑcould enhance hy-poxia-induced slight increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activate caspase-9 and caspase-3.Conclusion This study was able to show that a knockdown of HIF-1ɑby siRNAH IF-1ɑresulted in a decrease in proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human Y-79 RB cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions .HIF-1ɑexpression may be a promising strategy for the treatment of human RB in the future .

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the association between mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR) sig-nal pathway and TGF-β2-induced lens epithelial mesenchymal transition .Methods Phenotypic changes in lens epithelial cells induced by TGF-β2 were closely observed by microscopy .Western blotting was used to further verify the HLEB 3 epithelial mesenchymal transi-tion model induced by TGF-β2.MTT was applied to detect the effects of TGF-β2 after induction of epithelial mesenchymal and Rapamy-cin on cell proliferation .Western blotting was used to detect the mechanism of the relationship between epithelial mesenchymal transi -tion and mTOR signal pathway at the molecular level .Results After TGF-β2 treatment for 24 hours, microscopic observation revealed that HLEB-3 cells were transformed from the oval shape into the star or fusiform shape , and cell connection was also reduced .Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of epithelial protein marker E-cadherin in HLEB-3, following induction of TGF-β2, was obvi-ously decreased , while the expression levels of the stromal cell protein marker α-SMA were significantly decreased , and statistical sig-nificance could be noticed when comparisons were made between them (P<0.05).MTT test also indicated that Rapamycin pretreat-ment could inhibit the enhancing effect of TGF-β2 on epithelial cell proliferation .Western blotting showed that Rapamycin could reverse the up-regulation of α-SMA by TGF-β2 and promote the expression of epithelial protein marker E-cadherin, following the activation of mTOR signal pathway inhibited by Rapamycin .Conclusion Epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by mTOR signal pathway and
mediated by TGF-β2 could promote the onset of after-cataract.

OBJECTIVETo detect and analyze two important genes, comE and luxS, in quorum sensing signal pathway from Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis).

METHODSThe total genomic DNA of S. oralis NH521 (a clinically isolated strain) was firstly extracted. The comE and luxS genes were then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and further sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared with related sequences in GenBank.

RESULTSTarget bands of both comE and luxS genes were detected by electrophoresis. The obtained gene sequences were similar to the corresponding sequences from another S. oralis strain (luxS, 95.0%; comE, 99.6%); however, comparing to gene sequences of another species Streptococcus mutans, comE was more divergent (12.7%) than luxS gene (74.1%).

CONCLUSIONThis study successfully amplified and sequenced comE and luxS genes from S. oralis NH521 strain. The luxS gene accumulated more mutations than comE gene did between two S. oralis strains, but comE gene is more divergent than luxS gene between two Streptococcus species.