Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal clustering characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province from 2007 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for optimizing regional PTB prevention and control strategies. Methods: Registration data of PTB cases in Yulin City from 2007 to 2024 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) were used to analyze the trends in PTB registration rates. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and population distribution characteristics. Spatio-temporal scan analysis was used to analyze the spatio-temporal clustering characteristics. Results: A total of 35 874 PTB cases were registered in Yulin City from 2007 to 2024. The registered incidence decreased from 80.41/105 in 2007 to 38.53/105 in 2024 (AAPC=-3.916%, P<0.05). Downward trends were observed from 2007 to 2016 and from 2019 to 2022 (APC=-4.440%, -19.361%, both P<0.05). March used to be the peak of disease incidence, with a seasonal index of 1.78, while February used to be the trough, with a seasonal index of -1.38. The average annual registered incidence rates were relatively high in Zhouxian County, Wubu County, and Suide County, at 89.02/105, 82.52/105 and 79.61/105, respectively. There were 21 672 registered PTB cases among males, accounting for 60.41%, and 14 202 cases among females, accounting for 39.59%. The higher registered cases were observed in groups aged 15 to <25 years and ≥65 years, with 9 400 and 7 950 cases, accounting for 26.20% and 22.16%, respectively. The proportion of population aged ≥65 years increased from 16.97% in 2007 to 43.24% in 2024, with an increase of 154.80%. Farmers were the predominant occupation, with 24 477 cases, accounting for 68.23%. Spatio-temporal scan analysis showed that the primary clusters consistently included Qingjian County, Suide County, Zizhou County, and Wubu County from 2007 to 2015, 2016 to 2019, 2020 to 2022 and 2023 to 2024. Mizhi County was incorporated into the clusters from 2016 to 2019 and 2020 to 2022, while Jiaxian County was further added from 2023 to 2024. The specific cluster periods were from January 2007 to June 2011, November 2017 to August 2019, March 2020 to July 2021, and February 2023 to July 2024, respectively. Conclusions From 2007 to 2024, the registered incidence of PTB in Yulin City showed an overall declining trend. March marked the peak of disease onset. Males, the elderly aged ≥65 years and farmers were the high-incidence population. Persistent spatio-temporal clustering was observed in the southern regions, including Qingjian County, Suide County, Zizhou County, Wubu County, and Mizhi County.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of severe cutaneous adverse reactions(SCARs)induced by oral anticoagulants(OACs),and provide a reference for clinical safety of drug use.METHODS Case reports of SCARs caused by OACs(warfarin,apixaban,rivaroxaban,edoxaban,dabigatran etexilate)were retrieved from PubMed,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP and other databases with search terms as"oral anticoagulants""factor Ⅹa inhibitor""direct thrombin inhibitor"and their Chinese equivalents.A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS A total of 11 articles were included,involving 11 patients in total,among whom there were 5 males(45.5%)and 6 females(54.5%),with an average age of(59.6±21.5)years.The primary underlying diseases were mainly atrial fibrillation,pulmonary embolism,joint replacement and valve replacement.The OACs involved included warfarin in 3 cases,rivaroxaban in 4 cases,apixaban in 2 cases,and dabigatran etexilate in 2 cases.SCARs occurred from 10 hours to 42 days after treatment,and 7 cases(63.6%)within 10 to 28 days.Among 11 patients,5 cases were diagnosed as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms,4 cases were diagnosed as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis,and 2 cases were diagnosed as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis.The clinical manifestations mainly included rash,fever and mucosal damage,etc.Except for 1 patient who died of sepsis and diffuse intravascular coagulation,the rest of the patients improved or recovered after withdrawal and treatment with glucocorticoids.CONCLUSIONS SCARs are rare but serious adverse reactions caused by OACs,typically occurring 10 to 28 days after medication.Once SCARs are suspected to be caused by OACs,the medication should be discontinued immediately,and a treatment plan should be formulated based on the type of SCARs to ensure the safety of patients'drug use.

Autophagy, a highly conserved and lysosome-dependent intracellular catabolic process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and adapting to various cellular stresses. Autophagy receptor involved in autophagy is more selective and effective in recognising and degrading protein aggregates and dysfunctional or redundant organelles in cells, especially pathogens invading into the cells, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the organism; Some viruses can also antagonise or take hostage autophagy receptor, and make use of autophagy to target the degradation of host proteins, thereby increasing their self-infection. In this paper, we review the structure and function of autophagy receptors, and discuss the role of viruses that use autophagy receptors to proliferate and infect the host, so as to provide references for the development of related viral diseases and the search for specific antiviral therapeutic targets.

Autophagy, a highly conserved and lysosome-dependent intracellular catabolic process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and adapting to various cellular stresses. Autophagy receptor involved in autophagy is more selective and effective in recognising and degrading protein aggregates and dysfunctional or redundant organelles in cells, especially pathogens invading into the cells, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the organism; Some viruses can also antagonise or take hostage autophagy receptor, and make use of autophagy to target the degradation of host proteins, thereby increasing their self-infection. In this paper, we review the structure and function of autophagy receptors, and discuss the role of viruses that use autophagy receptors to proliferate and infect the host, so as to provide references for the development of related viral diseases and the search for specific antiviral therapeutic targets.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus functional electrical stimulation (FES) in the treatment of post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome. Methods:The randomized controlled study included 60 patients with post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome who received treatment at the Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from July 2021 to February 2023. These patients were divided into an rTMS group ( n = 30) and an FES group ( n = 30) using a random number table method. Patients in the rTMS group were treated with rTMS, while those in the FES group were treated with FES. All treatments were performed once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. The clinical efficacy, total active movement score of the fingers, Fugl-Meyer assessment scale score, Activity of Daily Living score, modified Barthel Index score, shoulder joint range of motion, and safety were compared between the two groups. Results:The total response rate in the FES group was 86.7% (26/30), which was significantly higher than 83.3% (25/30) in the rTMS group ( Z = 0.09, P = 0.93). After treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of total active movement score of the fingers and Fugl-Meyer assessment scale score ( P = 0.244, 0.262). No significant differences were found between the two groups in MBI score and ADL score (both P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in shoulder joint range of motion between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Both rTMS and FES are highly effective for post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome. They can improve upper limb function, enhance daily living abilities, and remodel neurological functions of the brain.

Platelet count is an important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions,and accurate platelet count can assist in making correct clinical diagnosis and taking effective treatment measures in clinical practice.The common detection methods for platelet counting were reviewed,including peripheral blood smear platelet estimation,sheath flow impedance,optical method,microscope digital imaging technology and flow cytometry indirect counting.The advantages and disadvantages and the application conditions of the above methods were analyzed,and the new detection technology of platelet count was introduced,it provides ideas for developing new platelet counting methods.

Objective: To explore the association between light intensity physical activity (LPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition, so as to provide data references for improving adolescent physical health. Methods: From August 2020 to January 2021, general information of 694 students in grade one of a high school in Foshan City was collected, and the 24 hour activity behavior and body composition of the students were measured objectively by triaxial accelerometer and bioelectrical impedance tester. Dual component multivariate regression and dual compositional isotemporal substitution model were used to explore the relationship between LPA and SB and body composition. Results: LPA was associated with lower fat relative dominance (FRD) (male weekends FRD=-21.44%, female weekly FRD=-17.83%, weekdays FRD=-18.27%, P <0.05), and LPA was also associated with higher muscle relative dominance (MRD) and bone relative dominance (BRD) (male weekends MRD=12.78%, BRD= 12.87 %; female weekly MRD=11.64%, BRD=9.01%; female weekdays MRD=12.02%, BRD=9.23%, P <0.05). Replacing sedentary behavior (SB) with 10 minutes of LPA could reduce fat proportion [male:weekly -0.15(-0.26--0.04), weekdays -0.12 (-0.22--0.02); female:weekly -0.18(-0.27--0.08), weekdays -0.16(-0.25--0.07)) and increase muscle proportion (male:weekly 0.14(0.03-0.24), weekdays 0.11(0.02-0.21); female:weekly 0.17(0.07-0.26), weekdays 0.15(0.07-0.24)]. Conclusion Interrupting continuous SB with LPA can serve as an intervention measure to promote physical health and fitness in adolescents. School should encourage students to engage in frequent LPA during breaks and after school activities, while avoiding prolonged SB.

Objective:To search, evaluate and summarize the best evidence of perioperative frailty management in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.Methods:The computer was used to search clinical decisions, best clinical practices, guidelines, systematic evaluations and expert consensus on perioperative frailty management for elderly spine surgery patients publicly collected by UpToDate, BMJ, the Joanna Briggs Institute Centre for Evidence-based Health Care database in Australia, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Medlive, CNKI and MedSci. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to May 31, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the quality of the included literature, and combined professional judgment to extract and summarize the best evidence.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, including 2 clinical decision-making articles, 4 guidelines, 2 systematic evaluations and 4 expert consensus articles. Finally, 52 pieces of evidence were summarized to form a total of 18 aspects of preoperative frailty management (frailty screening, muscle strength screening, pain assessment, cognitive screening, nutritional screening, preoperative frailty care, pre rehabilitation, nutritional care, exercise care, medication care, and psychological care) and postoperative frailty management (pain management, exercise intervention, nutritional care, medication management, psychological care, discharge management and health education) .Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for perioperative frailty management in elderly spine surgery patients, providing a basis and support for medical staff to carry out comprehensive and systematic frailty management. In the future, it is necessary to translate the evidence into clinical practice in order to improve the quality of perioperative frailty management in elderly patients.

Nutrition therapy is considered as the basis for prevention and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), throughout the three-tier prevention strategies of CKD. The primary objective is to delay the disease progression, correct metabolic disorders, and improve the outcomes of CKD. Low protein diet has been recognized as an important therapeutic measure in CKD, but the quantity, quality and source of protein are always the points of contention. Recently, both domestic and foreign guidelines have been updated on the amount of protein intake. In addition to quantity, attention has been paid to the type and diversity of proteins. With the rise of plant-based food consumption and the concept of vegetarian diet, the scientific community began to review the benefits of plant protein again, and a plant-based diet is recommend extensively. Whether the plant-based dietary pattern is also suitable for CKD patients who need a low-protein diet, and whether it could meet the nutritional needs of CKD patients are hot topics, this article reviews the recent progress of these research hotspots.

The Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) capsule is a popular traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of viral respiratory diseases.In particular,it has been recently prescribed to treat infections caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).However,due to its complex composi-tion,little attention has been directed toward the analysis of chemical constituents present in the LHQW capsule.This study presents a reliable and comprehensive approach to characterizing the chemical constituents present in LHQW by high-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).An automated library alignment method with a high mass accuracy (within 5 ppm) was used for the rapid identification of compounds.A total of 104 compounds,consisting of alkaloids,flavonoids,phenols,phenolic acids,phenylpropanoids,quinones,terpenoids,and other phytochemicals,were suc-cessfully characterized.In addition,the fragmentation pathways and characteristic fragments of some representative compounds were elucidated.GC-MS analysis was conducted to characterize the volatile compounds present in LHQW.In total,17 compounds were putatively characterized by comparing the acquired data with that from the NIST library.The major constituent was menthol,and all the other compounds were terpenoids.This is the first comprehensive report on the identification of the major chemical constituents present in the LHQW capsule by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS,coupled with GC-MS,and the results of this study can be used for the quality control and standardization of LHQW capsules.