Objective With the development of manned space missions to the moon and space exploration,extravehicular activities become more frequent and extravehicular mission become more complex,which puts forward higher requirements for the extravehicular spacesuit.In order to ensure the ergonomics of spacesuit,the flexible joints are usually adopted in the limbs of spacesuit.The structural design of large angle of movement and low resistance joints is the basic for ensuring the ergonomics of spacesuit.Methods This study established a method of spacesuit joint structure to analysis the motion characteristic of typical joints.Firstly,the structure and activity characteristics of the spacesuit and lunar space suits were comprehensively analyzed,and the activity characteristics of different typical structure are qualitatively analyzed based on existing empirical method.Then,the dynamics of typical structure was analyzed by finite element model.By studying the change trend of motion of spacesuit joint with motion angle,and the motion characteristic curve was obtained.Finally,the model was studied according to different structural size parameters.The influence of structural parameters on the motion characteristics was analyzed,and the curves was obtained to provide a basis for design of spacesuit motion joint structure.Results Through the above analysis,the motion characteristics of different typical structure are obtained qualitatively.And the influence of different structure parameters on the motion characteristics was analyzed.This establishes the method basis for structure design.Conclusion The study was carried out a method based on finite element model for joint motion analysis,which is suitable for the design of typical joint structure of spacesuit.

Objective The effect of lunar dust adhesion performance by fiber surface characteristics were investigated for the lunar dust adhesion mitigation of spacesuits.Methods In this research,an adhesion test method under ultraviolet ray radiation in vacuum was developed to measure the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust on fiber materials.Based on the microscopic image of the fiber sample after test,the influence of conductive and surface energy characteristics of the fiber materials on the lunar dust adhesion performance was studied.Results The simulated lunar dust were activated under ultraviolet ray radiation,which induced an increase of the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust on fiber materials;Lower surface energy or higher conductive characteristics of the fiber was both beneficial to reduce the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust.Conclusion The static electric forces were likely to be the major forces between the fiber and the lunar dust under ultraviolet ray radiation in vacuum.In addition to reducing surface energy,improving conductive characteristics of the fiber was more beneficial to reduce the adhesion quantity of simulated lunar dust.

Objective To establish an analytical method for the determination of methanol and ethanol solvent residues in amidoxime EN chelating agents by headspace gas chromatography.Methods The samples were analyzed in a GC-2030 gas chromatograph system using a Shimadzu HS-20 fully automated headspace injector and quantified by an internal standard method.The samples were separated and detected by the DB-WAX capillary column with a flame ionization detector(FID).The thermostatic furnace temperature was 70 ℃ and the equilibrium time of the sample bottle was 30 min.The sample flow path temperature was 150℃ and the carrier gas was high pure nitrogen.As temperature programming,the initial column temperature of 40 ℃ lasted 9 min and increased to 200 ℃ at 40 ℃/min for 2 min.Results The peak areas of the residual solvents in EN chelator showed good linearity(R2＞0.999)in the mass concentration range investigated,the detection limits of solvent methanol and ethanol were 0.25 μg/mL and 0.30 μg/mL respectively,and the limits of quantification were 1.25 μg/mL and 1.50 μg/mL,respectively.The recovery of residual solvent addition ranged from 97.10％to 102.23％,and the RSD value was less than 5.00％.Conclusion This method is sensitive enough to be used for the determination of solvent residues in amidoxime EN chelating agents.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the anorectal region among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shenzhen, and explore the differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM populations, providing scientific evidence for HPV screening, vaccination, and related disease prevention.Methods:A total of 100 MSM recruited from the Department of Dermatovenerology of the Third People′s Hospital of Shenzhen between 2023 and 2024 were included. Questionnaire collected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Anorectal exfoliated cells were analyzed for HPV genotyping, and blood samples were tested for HIV antibodies and T lymphocyte subsets. Chi-square test was used to assess associations between qualitative variables. Results:Among 100 MSM, 58 were HIV-positive and 42 HIV-negative. The overall HPV infection rate was 93.10% (54/58) in HIV-positive MSM, with high-risk HPV at 79.31% (46/58) and low-risk HPV at 75.86% (44/58). The predominant genotypes were HPV6, 11, 16, 52, 18, 59, and 68. In HIV-negative MSM, HPV infection rate was 95.24% (40/42), with high-risk HPV at 57.14% (24/42) and low-risk HPV at 92.50% (37/40), dominated by HPV6, 11, 16, 51 and 52. HIV-positive MSM showed significantly higher infection rates of high-risk HPV16/18 ( P=0.032), HPV58 ( P=0.020), HPV59 ( P=0.031), and HPV68 ( P=0.007) compared to HIV-negative MSM. The maximum number of concurrent HPV infections was 12 in HIV-positive MSM versus 4 in HIV-negative MSM. Multivariate analysis revealed that HIV-positive MSM with CD4/CD8 ratio≤0.9 had significantly higher HPV positivity ( P<0.05). Conclusions:HIV-positive MSM exhibit elevated rates of high-risk and multiple HPV infections, closely associated with immune dysfunction. Strengthened HPV screening, vaccination, and immune status management are critical for preventing HPV-related malignancies in the population.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the anorectal region among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shenzhen, and explore the differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM populations, providing scientific evidence for HPV screening, vaccination, and related disease prevention.Methods:A total of 100 MSM recruited from the Department of Dermatovenerology of the Third People′s Hospital of Shenzhen between 2023 and 2024 were included. Questionnaire collected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Anorectal exfoliated cells were analyzed for HPV genotyping, and blood samples were tested for HIV antibodies and T lymphocyte subsets. Chi-square test was used to assess associations between qualitative variables. Results:Among 100 MSM, 58 were HIV-positive and 42 HIV-negative. The overall HPV infection rate was 93.10% (54/58) in HIV-positive MSM, with high-risk HPV at 79.31% (46/58) and low-risk HPV at 75.86% (44/58). The predominant genotypes were HPV6, 11, 16, 52, 18, 59, and 68. In HIV-negative MSM, HPV infection rate was 95.24% (40/42), with high-risk HPV at 57.14% (24/42) and low-risk HPV at 92.50% (37/40), dominated by HPV6, 11, 16, 51 and 52. HIV-positive MSM showed significantly higher infection rates of high-risk HPV16/18 ( P=0.032), HPV58 ( P=0.020), HPV59 ( P=0.031), and HPV68 ( P=0.007) compared to HIV-negative MSM. The maximum number of concurrent HPV infections was 12 in HIV-positive MSM versus 4 in HIV-negative MSM. Multivariate analysis revealed that HIV-positive MSM with CD4/CD8 ratio≤0.9 had significantly higher HPV positivity ( P<0.05). Conclusions:HIV-positive MSM exhibit elevated rates of high-risk and multiple HPV infections, closely associated with immune dysfunction. Strengthened HPV screening, vaccination, and immune status management are critical for preventing HPV-related malignancies in the population.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the safety of interferon β-1a for treatment of corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19）， and to provide references for interferon β-1a's clinical application. MethodsThis study was conducted with the database from US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system （FAERS） from January 1， 2015 to March 31， 2021. Information component （IC） and reporting odds ratio （ROR） methods were applied for signal mining. ResultsA total of 463 700 records of COVID-19 were selected for analysis， and 45 positive drug adverse event signals were detected. Headache （IC₀₂₅=1.09， ROR₀₂₅=2.28）， pyrexia （IC₀₂₅=0.51， ROR₀₂₅=1.51） and multiple sclerosis relapse （IC₀₂₅=3.67， ROR₀₂₅=14.71） were positive adverse events with higher frequency. Autoimmune disorder （IC₀₂₅=4.42， ROR₀₂₅=24.03）， streptococcal infection （IC₀₂₅=4.12， ROR₀₂₅=19.82）， and multiple sclerosis relapse （IC₀₂₅=3.67， ROR₀₂₅=14.71） were positive adverse events. Acute lung injury， cardio-respiratory arrest and metabolic acidosis were associated with a higher proportion and frequency of death. ConclusionThere are certain safety issues with interferon β-1a in the treatment of COVID-19， and some adverse events with high frequency and high death rate deserve further attention by medical staffs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relevant clinical test indicators that affect the prognosis of patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), and to provide a basis for early diagnosis and correct selection of treatment methods. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted. Clinical data of AFLP patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2010 to May 2021 were collected. According to the 28-day prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group. The clinical data, laboratory examination indicators, and prognosis of the two groups were compared, and further binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. At the same time, the values of related indicators at each time point (24, 48, 72 hours) after the start of treatment were recorded. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) of prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) for evaluating the prognosis of patients at each time point was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of relevant indicators at each time point for the prognosis of AFLP patients. RESULTS: A total of 64 AFLP patients were selected. The patients developed the AFLP during pregnancy (34.5±6.8) weeks, with 14 deaths (mortality of 21.9%) and 50 survivors (survival rate of 78.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in general clinical data between the two groups of patients, including age, time from onset to visit, time from visit to cessation of pregnancy, acute physiology and chronic health evaluations II (APACHE II), hospitalization time in ICU, and total hospitalization cost. However, the proportion of male fetuses and stillbirths in the death group was higher than that in the survival group. The laboratory examination indicators including the white blood cell count (WBC), alanine transaminase (ALT), serum creatinine (SCr), PT extension, INR elevation, and hyperammonia in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group (all P < 0.05). Through Logistic regression analysis of the above indicators showed that PT > 14 s and INR > 1.5 were risk factors affecting the prognosis of AFLP patients [PT > 14 s: odds ratio (OR) = 1.215, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.076-1.371, INR > 1.5: OR = 0.719, 95%CI was 0.624-0.829, both P < 0.01]. ROC curve analysis showed that both PT and INR at ICU admission and 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment can evaluate the prognosis of AFLP patients [AUC and 95%CI of PT were 0.772 (0.599-0.945), 0.763 (0.608-0.918), 0.879 (0.795-0.963), and 0.957 (0.904-1.000), respectively; AUC and 95%CI of INR were 0.808 (0.650-0.966), 0.730 (0.564-0.896), 0.854 (0.761-0.947), and 0.952 (0.896-1.000), respectively; all P < 0.05], the AUC of PT and INR after 72 hours of treatment was the highest, with higher sensitivity (93.5%, 91.8%) and specificity (90.9%, 90.9%). CONCLUSIONS AFLP often occurs in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, and the initial symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal symptoms. Once discovered, pregnancy should be terminated immediately. PT and INR are good indicators for evaluating AFLP patient efficacy and prognosis, and PT and INR are the best prognostic indicators after 72 hours of treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Intensive Care Units ; Sepsis/diagnosis*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with sepsis in intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze their predictive value for prognosis. METHODS: The clinical data of sepsis patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of Sepsis-3 and were ≥ 18 years old. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from all patients on the next morning after admission to SICU for routine blood test and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. According to the 28-day survival, the patients were divided into two groups, and the differences in immune indexes between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of immune indexes that affect prognosis. RESULTS: (1) A total of 279 patients with sepsis were enrolled in the experiment, of which 198 patients survived at 28 days (28-day survival rate 71.0%), and 81 patients died (28-day mortality 29.0%). There were no significant differences in age (years old: 57.81±1.71 vs. 54.99±1.05) and gender (male: 60.5% vs. 63.6%) between the death group and the survival group (both P > 0.05), and the baseline data was comparable.(2) Acute physiology and chronic health evalution II (APACHE II: 22.06±0.08 vs. 14.08±0.52, P < 0.001), neutrophil percentage [NEU%: (88.90±1.09)% vs. (84.12±0.77)%, P = 0.001], procalcitonin [PCT (μg/L): 11.97±2.73 vs. 5.76±1.08, P = 0.011], platelet distribution width (fL: 16.81±0.10 vs. 16.57±0.06, P = 0.029) were higher than those in the survival group, while lymphocyte percentage [LYM%: (6.98±0.78)% vs. (10.59±0.86)%, P = 0.012], lymphocyte count [LYM (×10⁹/L): 0.70±0.06 vs. 0.98±0.49, P = 0.002], and platelet count [PLT (×10⁹/L): 151.38±13.96 vs. 205.80±9.38, P = 0.002], and thrombocytocrit [(0.15±0.01)% vs. (0.19±0.07)%, P = 0.012] were lower than those in the survival group. (3) There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of lymphocyte subsets between the death group and the survival group, but the absolute value of LYM (pieces/μL: 650.24±84.67 vs. 876.64±38.02, P = 0.005), CD3⁺ absolute value (pieces/μL: 445.30±57.33 vs. 606.84±29.25, P = 0.006), CD3⁺CD4⁺ absolute value (pieces/μL: 239.97±26.96 vs. 353.49±18.59, P = 0.001), CD19⁺ absolute value (pieces/μL: 111.10±18.66 vs. 150.30±10.15, P = 0.049) in the death group was lower than those in the survival group. Other lymphocyte subsets in the death group, such as CD3⁺CD8⁺ absolute value (pieces/μL: 172.40±24.34 vs. 211.22±11.95, P = 0.112), absolute value of natural killer cell [NK (pieces/μL): 101.26±18.15 vs. 114.72±7.64, P = 0.420], absolute value of natural killer T cell [NKT (pieces/μL): 33.22±5.13 vs. 39.43±2.85, P = 0.262], CD4^-CD8^- absolute value (pieces/μL: 41.07±11.07 vs. 48.84±3.31, P = 0.510), CD4⁺CD8⁺ absolute value (pieces/μL: 3.39±1.45 vs. 3.47±0.36, P = 0.943) were not significantly different from those in the survival group. (4)Logistic regression analysis showed that lymphocyte subsets were not selected as immune markers with statistical significance for the prognosis of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS The changes of immune indexes in sepsis patients are closely related to their prognosis. Early monitoring of the above indexes can accurately evaluate the condition and prognosis of sepsis patients.
Humans ; Male ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis/diagnosis* ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Prognosis ; Killer Cells, Natural