Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a widely utilized therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the clinical implementation is constrained by the stringent preparation conditions of radioembolization agents. Herein, we incorporated the superstable homogeneous iodinated formulation technology (SHIFT), simultaneously utilizing an enhanced solvent form in a carbon dioxide supercritical fluid environment, to encapsulate radionuclides (such as ¹³¹I,¹⁷⁷Lu, or ¹⁸F) with lipiodol for the preparation of radiolipiodol. The resulting radiolipiodol exhibited exceptional stability and ultra-high labeling efficiency (≥99%) and displayed notable intratumoral radionuclide retention and in vivo stability more than 2 weeks following locoregional injection in subcutaneous tumors in mice and orthotopic liver tumors in rats and rabbits. Given these encouraging findings, ¹⁸F was authorized as a radiotracer in radiolipiodol for clinical trials in HCC patients, and showed a favorable tumor accumulation, with a tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of ≥50 and minimal radionuclide leakage, confirming the feasibility of SHIFT for TARE applications. In the context of transforming from preclinical to clinical screening, the preparation of radiolipiodol by SHIFT represents an innovative physical strategy for radionuclide encapsulation. Hence, this work offers a reliable and efficient approach for TARE in HCC, showing considerable promise for clinical application (ChiCTR2400087731).

Objective To explore the effect of UBE2I and FCGR1A gene expressions on the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)combined with active pulmonary tuberculosis(APTB),so as to provide basis for disease monitoring.Methods A total of 98 AIDS patients combined with APTB and 84 AIDS patients combined with latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)were selected from the validated whole genome transcriptome dataset(GSE37250).The top 30 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the two groups of patients were screened.We established the PPI interaction network,transcription factor-differentially expressed gene(TF-DEG),DEG-miRNA,and environmental chemical regulation network of the top 30 DEGs.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of 11 key DEGs were plotted and Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results There were 6 054 DEGs in the two groups of patients,and UBE2I was an important core node of the PPI interaction network.FCGR1A had the best predictive and indicative ability for AIDS combined with APTB.Univariate Logistic regression showed that high expressions of UBE2I and FCGR1A were risk factors for AIDS combined with APTB(P＜0.05).The regulatory network showed that VEGFB was a key gene in the TF-DEG network,participating in regulation with transcription factors such as SEPT9 and SMAD5.It targeted miRNAs such as hsa-mir-17-5p and hsa-mir-20a-5p,and was affected by environmental chemicals such as valproic acid and copper sulfate.Conclusion VEGFB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS combined with APTB.The abnormally high expressions of UBE2I and FCGR1A are associated with the disease progression of AIDS combined with APTB.The disease condition can be monitored by detecting the expression level of UBE2I and FCGR1A.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.

OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 can damage the myocardium directly, or activate the immune system, trigger a cytokine storm, and cause inflammatory cells to infiltrate the myocardial tissue and damage the myocardium. This study is based on the sequencing data to analyze the changes in gene expression of cardiomyocytes and macrophages after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and explore the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the heart and immune system. METHODS: The public data set GSE151879 was retrieved. The online software Network Analyst was used to preprocess the data, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [log RESULTS: After data standardization, the data quality was excellent and it can ensure reliable results. Myocardial cell infection with SARS-CoV-2 and gene expression spectrum were changed significantly, including a total of 484 DEGs in adult cardiomyoblasts, a total of 667 DEGs in macrophages, and a total of 1 483 DEGs in human embryo source of cardiomyopathy. The Stum, mechanosensory transduction mediator homolog (STUM), dehydrogenase/reductase 9 (DHRS9), calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta (CAMK2B), claudin 1(CLDN1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), TNFAIP3 interacting protein 3 (TNIP3), G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) were identical in expression patterns in 3 types of cells. The protein-protein interaction suggested that CAMK2B proteins may play a key role in the antiviral process in 3 types of cells; and silicon dioxide (SiO CONCLUSIONS CAMK2B, CLDN1, CCL2, and DHRS9 genes play important roles in the immune response of cardiomyocytes against SARS-CoV-2. SiO
COVID-19 ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Silicon Dioxide ; Transcriptome

【Objective】 Based on the high-throughput sequencing data of the whole genome， genomics and bioinformatics analyses were made to analyze the gene expression changes in the epithelial cells of the lung tissue from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）， and explore the effects of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on human lungs. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of SARS-CoV-2 on the pathogenesis of lung tissue. 【Methods】 The public data set GSE160435 was retrieved. The data were analyzed by Network analyst， Cytoscape 3.7.2， String 11.0， and other software. The differentially expressed genes were screened， gene function （Gene Ontology， GO） and signal pathway KEGG （Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes） enrichment analysis were carried out. We established the Protein-protein Interactions Network （PPI）， PPI of lung tissue-specific DEGs， DEG microRNA regulatory network， Transcription Factor （TF）-DEG regulatory network， and environmental chemicals DEGs regulatory network. 【Results】 We found 324 DEGs in the lung epithelial cells of patients with COVID-19， of which 112 （34.57%） were upregulated and 212 （65.43%） were downregulated. Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes such as virus-related defense response， mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption， anti-human papillomavirus infection and other signaling pathways. Specific PPI network closely related to DEGs and lung tissue showed that PDGFRB and KIT were core proteins； hsa-mir-340 had targeted interaction with DEGs. It indicated that HOXB4， ISG15 and other related genes were regulated by transcription factors； DEGs interacted with environmental chemicals such as nickel and estradiol. 【Conclusion】 The gene expression pattern of lung epithelial cells in lung tissue of COVID-19 patients has changed significantly. Proteins or genes such as PDGFRB， MMP9 and KIT may play a vital role in the defense immunity of lung tissue. Micro-RNA， TF， signaling pathway molecules， environmental chemicals， and lung tissue-specific genes also play a role in the above-mentioned process. This study provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 on lung tissue and formulating clinical prevention， diagnosis and treatment measures.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the different Child-Pugh classification on the recurrence and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recipients after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 125 HCC recipients undergoing liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The independent risk factors probably affecting the recurrence and survival of HCC recipients after liver transplantation were identified by using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Results The median follow-up time was 25.6 months. The 3-year DFS and OS rates were 68.4% and 65.7% for all patients. The 3-year DFS and OS rates in 113 patients with Child-Pugh class A/B HCC were 68.6% and 66.2%, whereas 66.7% and 65.6% for 12 patients with Child-Pugh class C HCC with no statistical significance (all P>0.05). Cox's proportional hazards regression model demonstrated that vascular invasion (P=0.001)and the number of tumors>3 (P=0.025) were the independent risk factors for the postoperative recurrence of HCC in recipients undergoing liver transplantation. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)>400μg/L (P=0.035), vascular invasion (P=0.031) and number of tumors>3 (P=0.008) were the independent risk factors affecting the survival of HCC patients. Conclusions The postoperative prognosis does not significantly differ between Child-Pugh class C and A/B HCC patients after liver transplantation. AFP, vascular invasion and number of tumors are the risk factors affecting the clinical prognosis of HCC patients after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is an efficacious treatment for HCC patients with Child-Pugh class C.

Objective To explore the efficacy of the single versus combination drug therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) combined with overactive bladder(OAB).Methods A total of 471 outpatients with BPH and OAB meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled in this prospective cohort study from March 2012 to October 2015.Patients were divided into two groups:(1) the single alpha-blocker treatment group (prostate volume ＜ 30 ml),and (2) the 5 alpha reductase inhibitors(5-ARIs) plus alpha-blocker combination treatment group(prostate volume ≥ 30 ml).The 318 patients were treated with alpha blockers for 4 weeks,and then received a continuing alpha-blocker treatment for 8 weeks if IPSS score changes were less than 30％ (i.e.single alpha-blocker treatment group).And 153 patients were treated with 5-ARIs for 12 weeks,then received 5-ARIs plus alpha-blocker combination treatment for another 4 weeks(a total of 16 weeks)if IPSS score changes were less than 30 ％ (i.e.combination treatment group).The improvements of post-voiding residual(PVR),PV,maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),international prostate symptom score(IPSS),overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS),quality of life (QOL),urine storage period symptom score (USPSS) and voiding symptom score(VSS)were compared between the two groups.Results The values of IPSS,OABSS,QOL,USPSS and VSS index in the two groups were improved after treatment as compared with pre-treatment(all P≤0.05).Patients in combination treatment group had little improvement in PVR and Qmax after treatment.The OAB symptom remission rates of BPH patients with OAB in single alpha-blocker treatment group were 70.5％ (206/292)and 78.6％ (165/210)after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment respectively.The OAB symptoms remission rates of BPH patients with OAB in combination treatment group were 54.5 ％ (64/122) and 67.1％ (53/79) after 12 and 16 weeks of treatment respectively.Conclusions Both single alpha-blocker treatment and alpha-blocker plus 5ARIs combination treatment,which identification was based on prostate volume,have good effects on BPH patients with OAB.The single alpha-blocker treatment can improve PVR and Qmax,and the alpha-blockers plus 5ARIs combination treatment can improve the prostate volume in BPH patients with OAB.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of application of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive donor liver in adult liver transplantation. Methods Clinical efficacy of 28 recipients with liver diseases induced by virus B hepatitis (hepatitis B) undergoing liver transplantation using HBsAg-positive donor liver from July 2012 to October 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical prognosis and postoperative complications of the recipients were summarized. The changing features of serum levels of HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was investigated. Results After liver transplantation, 28 recipients were orally administered with entecavir to prevent the recurrence of hepatitis B. During perioperative period, 2 recipients died from sepsis and acute heart failure. During postoperative follow-up, 2 cases died from the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). The remaining 24 patients were followed up for 12-26 months. Throughout the follow-up, 24 recipients were positive for serum HBsAg. After treatment, the titre of HBV DNA was significantly declined to <1×102 copies/mL at postoperative 12 months. No graft dysfunction induced by hepatitis B recurrence occurred in 24 recipients alive. Conclusions As a marginal donor liver, HBsAg-positive liver graft is safe for liver transplantation in the recipients with hepatitis B-related liver diseases. Postoperatively, anti-HBV treatment should be strengthened and intimate follow-up should be delivered.

Objective To explore the effects of oxidative damage and selenium on the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes and the expression of selenoprotein genes.Methods C28/I2 chondrocytes were preincubated for 24 h,using sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for 24 h.The experiment was divided into six groups,including control group (C,0.00 mg/L Na2,SeO3 + 0.00 μmol/L tBHP),selenium beforehand protection group (S2,0.10 mg/L Na2SeO3),oxidative damage group (O,150.00 μmol/L tBHP),low dose selenium protection group (OS 1,0.05mg/L Na2SeO3 + 150.00 μmol/L tBHP),medium dose selenium protection group (OS2,0.10 mg/L Na2SeO3 + 150.00 μmol/L tBHP),and high dose selenium protection group (OS3,0.15 mg/L Na2SeO3 + 150.00 μmol/L tBHP).After 24 h,Hoechst 33342 staining method was used to observe apoptosis,mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1),GPX4,deiodinase 2 (DIO2),DIO3,selenoprotein P (SEPP1),thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1) and selenoprotein W(Sel W) was detected by Real-time PCR,both experiments were done three times.Results Apoptotic rates of C,S2,O,OS1,OS2,OS3 groups [(0.78 ± 0.06)％,(13.61 ± 7.11)％,(92.27 ± 3.44)％,(71.38 ± 5.22)％,(44.31 ± 9.16)％,(72.46 ± 4.69)％] were compared between groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =120.10,P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic rates of O group was significantly higher than that of C group (P ＜ 0.05);compared to O group,the apoptotic rates of OS1,OS2,OS3 groups decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05),OS2 group was the most obvious.DIO2,SEPP1,GPX1,GPX4,TrxR-1,Sel W mRNA levels were compared in the six groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =24.60,14.53,127.60,30.60,637.10,59.64,P ＜ 0.01).Compared to C group (1.00 ± 0.00),the mRNA levels of GPX1 (0.10 ± 0.05),GPX4 (0.43 ± 0.09),TrxR-1 (0.11 ± 0.05) and Sel W (0.72 ± 0.15) in O groups were decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05);compared to 0 group,the mRNA levels of GPX1 in OS1 (0.20 ± 0.03),OS2 (0.74 ± 0.10),and OS3 (0.30 ± 0.07) were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Down-regulated expression of selenoprotein genes are involved in the regulation process of articular cartilage apoptosis caused by oxidative stress,selenium also has a regulatory role in selenoprotein gene expression in articular chondrocytes.