Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

Magnetic surgery,as an emerging discipline,utilizes the principle of “non-contact” magnetic force to drive the innovative development of surgical technology. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA),a significant branch of magnetic surgical technology,demonstrates notable advantages in reducing surgical trauma,shortening operation time,and lowering the risk of complications,particularly in the reconstruction of digestive tract and vascular anastomoses. Compared to traditional suturing and mechanical anastomoses,MCA avoids defects such as the “pinhole effect” and “foreign body reaction”,leveraging the advantages of magnetic force′s non-contact nature,gradient variation, uniformity,and directionality to significantly reduce the risks of anastomotic bleeding,stenosis,and fistula. However,the widespread adoption of MCA still faces challenges,including the biological safety of magnetic materials,optimization of magnet design,intelligent application,and large-scale clinical validation. To address these,it is necessary to further standardize clinical operation procedures,enhance safety assessments,promote interdisciplinary integration,and accelerate technological iteration and translation of research findings,with the aim of facilitating broader clinical application of MCA for the benefit of patients.

Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

Magnetic surgery,as an emerging discipline,utilizes the principle of “non-contact” magnetic force to drive the innovative development of surgical technology. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA),a significant branch of magnetic surgical technology,demonstrates notable advantages in reducing surgical trauma,shortening operation time,and lowering the risk of complications,particularly in the reconstruction of digestive tract and vascular anastomoses. Compared to traditional suturing and mechanical anastomoses,MCA avoids defects such as the “pinhole effect” and “foreign body reaction”,leveraging the advantages of magnetic force′s non-contact nature,gradient variation, uniformity,and directionality to significantly reduce the risks of anastomotic bleeding,stenosis,and fistula. However,the widespread adoption of MCA still faces challenges,including the biological safety of magnetic materials,optimization of magnet design,intelligent application,and large-scale clinical validation. To address these,it is necessary to further standardize clinical operation procedures,enhance safety assessments,promote interdisciplinary integration,and accelerate technological iteration and translation of research findings,with the aim of facilitating broader clinical application of MCA for the benefit of patients.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for liver cancer after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 150 patients diagnosed with hepatitis B associated cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hypersplenism who underwent splenectomy at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 2000 to November 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were a total of 150 patients included, 114 males and 36 females, aged (44±10) years old. General information, intraoperative conditions, and postoperative complications of the patients were documented. The postoperative progress of patients was monitored by telephone or outpatient follow-up. Based on the follow-up results regarding liver cancer presence, all patients were categorized into two groups: liver cancer group ( n=42) and non-liver cancer group ( n=108). Multivariate analysis was employed to identify factors influencing the liver cancer occurrence after splenectomy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis along with log-rank test was utilized to assess overall survival and survival rate comparison. Results:Compared to the non-liver cancer group, the liver cancer group exhibited an increased prevalence of hypertension, direct bilirubin levels, prothrombin time, maximum spleen diameter, and postoperative thrombosis (all P<0.05). However, there was a significant reduction in the number of patients receiving long-term regular antiviral therapy and postoperative bleeding (all P<0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative hypertension ( OR=6.310, 95% CI: 1.729-23.024, P=0.005), spleen diameter exceeding 12 cm ( OR=5.338, 95% CI: 1.234-23.094, P=0.025), and occurrence of postoperative thrombosis ( OR=8.652, 95% CI: 2.700-27.729, P<0.001) in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension were associated with an increased risk of developing liver cancer following splenectomy. Patients who receive long-term regular antiviral treatment after surgery ( OR=0.143, 95% CI: 0.038-0.545, P=0.004) have a lower risk of developing liver cancer. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the cumulative survival rate between the liver cancer group and the non-liver cancer group ( χ2=1.74, P=0.187). Conclusion:Preoperative hypertension, spleen diameter exceeding 12 cm, and postoperative thrombosis are independent risk factors for liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension after splenectomy. Additionally, postoperative long-term antiviral therapy serves as an independent protective factor.

Objective: Traditional uterine manipulator is considered as the main reason for short survival of patients with early-stage cervical cancer during minimally invasive surgery. This study aims to assess the sealing effect of magnetic-sealing uterine manipulators (MUMs) in isolated uteruses. Methods: The study was performed on isolated uterus from patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent open abdominal radical hysterectomy between November 2019 to April 2021. Right-angle forceps closure tests (groups 1 and 3) were defined as control tests. One experimental MUM closure test (group 2) and 2 control tests were respectively carried out in each of the isolated uterus. DNA ploidy analysis system was used to observe exfoliated cells. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess the sealing effect of MUM. Results: We identified 36 patients. No regional node metastasis was discovered and only one tumor was larger than 4.0 cm in diameter. The mean of exfoliated tumor cells in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1, 1, and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the quantity of exfoliated cells between groups 1 and 3 (p=0.476), so the results of the 2 groups were merged. Subsequently, a significant difference was observed between combined right-angle forceps closure tests and MUM closure tests (p=0.022). Conclusion The sealing effect of MUM was better than that of right-angle forceps. MUM can effectively seal cervical cancer cells in the cup cover, avoiding the dissemination of tumor cells.

Objective:To compare clinical features of patients with pyogenic liver abscesses with and without septated lobulations.Methods:Patients diagnosed to have pyogenic liver abscesses who were treated in our hospital from January 2011 to March 2021 were enrolled into this retrospective study. There were 203 males and 132 females, with age of (56±14) years old. The patients were divided into two groups by findings on computed tomography and ultrasound into the septated lobulation group ( n=68) and the non-septated lobulation group ( n=267). The clinical data of these patients were compared. Results:In the septated lobulation group, the neutrophil count was 9.17(5.97, 12.33)×10 9/L and the TBil was 17.65(11.92, 27.84) μmol/L. These were significantly higher than the corresponding figures of 7.81(5.42, 10.81)×10 9/L, 12.90(9.00, 19.68) μmol/L, respectively in the non-septated lobulation group ( P<0.05). The difference in the maximum diameters of the septated lobulation group was also significantly larger than the non-septated lobulation group ( P=0.032). Additionally, pus culture showed the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae positive patients in the septated lobulation group was significantly higher than that in the non-septated lobulation group [41.18% (28/68) vs. 25.84% (69/267), P=0.013]. The use of fluoroquinolones in patients in the septated lobulation group was higher than that in the non-septated lobulation group [20.59% (14/68) vs. 10.11% (27/267), χ 2=5.54, P=0.019]. Conclusion:Compared to patients without septated lobulations, those with septated lobulations had a larger diameter of abscesses, a higher positive rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae on pus culture and a higher proportion of patients receiving fluoroquinolones.

Objective:Take Xi′an Jiaotong University as an example, to analyze the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of the Comprehensive University in the field of medicine-Engineering integration, with a view to revealing the general picture of interdiscipline of medicine and engineering research of Xi′an Jiaotong University, and gaining a glimpse of the development of the interdiscipline of medicine and engineering research in universities.Methods:Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the basic situation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China approved in the field of medicine-Engineering integration.Results:A total number of 692 projects were funded in the field of medicine-Engineering integration, with a total funding of 420 million yuan. Funding types are mainly general projects, followed by Youth Science Foundation projects. The number of key and major projects is small, but it is of great significance to the growth of the funding amount. The Department of Medical Science and the Department of Engineering Science are the departments with the largest total number of funding projects and funding amounts. In terms of funding disciplines, the core disciplines of imaging medicine and biomedical engineering, mechanical design and manufacturing, mechanics, biomaterials, imaging and tissue engineering, optics and optoelectronics, and oncology have been formed.Conclusions:The research shows that the interdiscipline of medicine and engineering research of Xi′an Jiaotong University has continued to grow, attracting scholars in science, engineering, medicine, management and other fields to participate, forming an advantageous discipline group. For the development of the integration of medicine and engineering in domestic universities, it is recommended to strengthen the top-level design, increase support for young people, and pay attention to the advanced layout of key and major projects.

Objective:Under the background of extensive interdisciplinary studies, this article aims to provide references for other domestic universities by analyzing the current situation and exploration of universities to promote the development of interdisciplinary studies.Methods:Taking Xi′an Jiaotong University as a typical case, it was summarized from three aspects: background, specific measures, and results.Results:Measures such as strengthening top-level design, improving organizational management systems, consolidating research platforms, establishing cross-funds, and strengthening talent training modes, were adopted by Xi′an Jiaotong University to promote the development of interdisciplinary studies from all aspects of structure, system, human resources, financial resources, and incentive mechanisms. It has promoted the depth and extension of the school's science, engineering, medicine, literature, and other disciplines, improved academic influence, and serving national and regional development.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary studies is a systematic project that requires the cooperation of the government, universities, medical institutions, industry, and academia to create a policy and institutional environment for multidisciplinary collaboration, truly allowing disciplines to move from mechanical integration to knowledge fusion. Therefore, in the process of interdisciplinary development in universities, it is necessary to straighten out the guiding concepts and basic principles of interdisciplinarity, grasp the characteristics of interdisciplines, and focus on promoting the discipline structure, supporting systems, talent training, funding, and incentive mechanisms.

This study firstly introduced the mechanism, benefits and applications of irreversible electroporation(IRE) for tumor ablation. In addition, this study also introduced the most advanced IRE systems cleared by FDA or CFDA and IRE research equipment. The clinically licensed IRE systems include the Nanoknife 3.0 of Angiodynamics, the Dophi
Electricity ; Electroporation ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy*