Objective: To analyze the association between alcohol consumption and lumbar disc herniation (LDH), so as to provide a reference for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for LDH. Methods: From May to July 2022, permanent residents aged ≥18 years from eight counties (cities/districts) in Gansu Province were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. Data on basic characteristics, alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were collected through questionnaire surveys. LDH was determined based on imaging findings, combined with disease history or clinical symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and LDH, with subgroup analyses conducted by gender, age, ethnicity, and altitude of residence. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized for sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 4 545 individuals were surveyed. There were 2 026 (44.58%) males and 2 519 (55.42%) females. The mean age was (44.82±15.33) years. The study participants were predominantly of Han ethnicity, with 2 598 persons accounting for 57.17%. The altitude of residence was mainly above 3 500 m, with 1 941 persons accounting for 42.71%. There were 574 alcohol drinkers, accounting for 12.63%. LDH was detected in 1 035 cases, with a detection rate of 22.77%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, physical activity, and hypertension, compared to non-drinking residents, alcohol-consuming residents exhibited a 27.6% reduction in the risk of LDH (OR=0.724, 95%CI: 0.544-0.963). No significant interaction effects on LDH risk were observed between alcohol consumption and gender, age, ethnicity, or altitude of residence (all Pfor interaction >0.05). The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that compared to non-drinking residents, alcohol-consuming residents exhibited a 38.8% reduction in the risk of LDH (OR=0.612, 95%CI: 0.382-0.976). Conclusion Alcohol consumption was statistically associated with a lower risk of LDH.

In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.In line with global advancements,two anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies have been approved and successfully launched in China for clinical use.Lecanemab and Donanemab were officially used in June 2024 and April 2025 in China,respectively.In order to standardize the rational and safe application of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease in China,this article integrates recom-mendations from the clinical trials and real-world experience from the author's team and domestic peers to further update the recom-mendations for the clinical use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody based on the 2024 version.It includes indications for therapy,pre-treatment evaluation and preparation,administration protocols and safety measures during treatment,and post-treatment monitor-ing strategies.

Objective To explore the application value of small airway function measurement in chil-dren with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods A total of 155 children with chronic cough who visited the hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the CVA group(n=78)and the non-CVA group(n=77)according to the results of the bronchial provocation test.The small airway function was evaluated by three indicators in the basic lung function:the percentage of the maximum mid-expiratory flow to the predicted value(MMEF％pred),and the percentage of the instantaneous expiratory flow to the predicted value when forcefully exhaling 50％and 75％of the vital capacity(FEF50％％pred,FEF75％％ pred).If any one of the three indicators is lower than the lower limit of the normal value(＜65％),it is determined as small airway dysfunction.The incidence of small airway dysfunction and the indica-tors of atmospheric airway function[percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to the predicted value(FEV1％pred),percentage of maximum expiratory flow to the predicted value(PEF％ pred)]and small airway(MMEF％pred,FEF50％％pred,FEF75％％)before and after bronchial provocation tests were compared between the two groups.Results Among 55 children with chronic cough,47 cases were found to have small airway dysfunction,with 33 cases in the CVA group and 14 cases in the non-CVA group.The incidence of small airway dysfunction in the CVA group was higher than that in the non-CVA group[42.3％(33/78)vs.18.2％(14/77)],and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with before the bron-chial provocation test,the levels of large and small airway function indicators in both groups decreased after the bronchial provocation test.The decrease rate in the CVA group was higher than that in the non-CVA group,and the decrease rates of MMEF％pred,FEF50％％pred,and FEF75％％ pred were higher than those of FEV1％ pred and PEF％ pred,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Small air-way function measurement can be performed in children with CVA for early diagnosis and therapeutic effect e-valuation.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of two procedures in thoracoscopic anterior mediastinal tumor resection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent thoracoscopic anterior mediastinal tumor resection at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the 910th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from October 2016 to January 2024. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical approach: a modified approach group (bilateral intercostal ports+two subcostal ports) and a classic subxiphoid approach group (one subxiphoid port+two subcostal ports). Perioperative data and postoperative improvement of myasthenia gravis (MG) subgroup were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 55 patients were included, including 27 males and 28 females with a mean age of (49.4±15.1) years. There were 23 patients in the modified approach group and 32 patients in the classic subxiphoid approach group. The modified approach group had shorter operation time [(129.0±20.5) min vs. (148.9±16.7) min, P<0.001], less intraoperative blood loss [(63.0±16.6) mL vs. (75.0±10.8) mL, P<0.001], shorter postoperative drainage tube removal time [(3.1±0.4) d vs. (3.9±0.6) d, P<0.001] and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(4.2±0.4) d vs. (5.0±0.6) d, P<0.001), and lower proportion of intraoperative cardiac dysfunction [4 (17.4%) vs. 14 (43.8%), P=0.040]. There was no statistical difference in maximum diameter of tumor resected [(4.5±1.7) cm vs. (4.0±0.9) cm, P=0.193] and postoperative drainage volume [(396.4±121.5) mL vs. (399.9±161.3) mL, P=0.932]. There was 1 patient of perioperative collateral injury in the modified approach group (pericardial injury), and 6 patients in the classic subxiphoid approach group (1 patient of diaphragm injury, 1 patient of liver contusion, 4 patients of pericardial injury). There was no statistical difference in pain scores at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after surgery (P>0.05). The postoperative improvement of MG symptoms in the modified approach group was better than that in the classic subxiphoid approach group at 1 year after surgery (complete stable remission rate: 77.8% vs. 50.0%; effective rate: 100.0% vs. 91.6%). No conversion to open chest surgery occurred in either group, and there were no postoperative rehospitalizations or deaths related to surgery within 30 days after surgery in both groups. Conclusion The modified approach is safe and controllable with more open surgical field and more reliable complete resection range than the classic subxiphoid approach group.

Dental invagination is an abnormality of the crown or root development induced during tooth germ devel-opment when the enamel-forming apparatus or epithelial root sheath overpopulates and folds into the papilla.In severe cases,the invaginated channels are connected to the pulp and periodontal tissues,often causing endodontic and periapical diseases.The complex anatomical pattern of this disease adds difficulty in its preoperative diagnosis and clinical opera-tion.In this paper,we report a case of non-surgical treatment assisted by cone beam CT and microscopy for maxillary lat-eral incisor double dens invaginatus type Ⅲ(Ⅲa and Ⅲb)with apical periapical infection.After 1-year follow-up,the af-fected tooth was asymptomatic and the periapical lesion was significantly reduced.

ObjectiveTo screen the differential markers by analyzing volatile components in Dalbergia odorifera and its counterfeits， in order to provide reference for authentication of D. odorifera. MethodThe volatile components in D. odorifera and its counterfeits were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the GC conditions were heated by procedure（the initial temperature of the column was 50 ℃， the retention time was 1 min， and then the temperature was raised to 300 ℃ at 10 ℃ for 10 min）， the carrier gas was helium， and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1， the split ratio was 10∶1， and the injection volume was 1 mL. The MS conditions used electron bombardment ionization（EI） with the scanning range of m/z 35-550. The compound species were identified by database matching， the relative content of each component was calculated by the peak area normalization method， and principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster analysis were performed on the detection results by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of D. odorifera and its counterfeits were screened out according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>2 and P<0.05. ResultA total of 26， 17， 8， 22， 24 and 7 volatile components were identified from D. odorifera， D. bariensis， D. latifolia， D. benthamii， D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis， respectively. Among them， there were 11 unique volatile components of D. odorifera， 6 unique volatile components of D. bariensis， 3 unique volatile components of D. latifolia， 6 unique volatile components of D. benthamii， 8 unique volatile components of D. pinnata， 4 unique volatile components of D. cochinchinensis. The PCA results showed that， except for D. latifolia and D. cochinchinensis， which could not be clearly distinguished， D. odorifera and other counterfeits could be distributed in a certain area， respectively. The OPLS-DA results showed that D. odorifera and its five counterfeits were clustered into one group each， indicating significant differences in volatile components between D. odorifera and its counterfeits. Finally， a total of 31 differential markers of volatile components between D. odoriferae and its counterfeits were screened. ConclusionHS-GC-MS combined with SIMCA 14.1 software can systematically elucidate the volatile differential components between D. odorifera and its counterfeits， which is suitable for rapid identification of them.

Objective To investigate the level of coagulation factor Ⅺ(FⅪ)in patients with venous thrombosis of lower limbs and its correlation with recurrence risk.Methods A total of 220 pa-tients with deep vein thrombosis(DVT)admitted in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled as the study group,and another 50 healthy individuals taking physical exami-nation during same period served as the control group.After a 3 years followed,the study group ultimately included 197 cases,according to the results of restricted cubic spline(RCS),the study group was divided into low(FⅪ＜10.3 U/L,94 cases),medium-(10.3-12.1 U/L,52 cases)and high-level groups(＞12.1 U/L,51 cases).The plasma level of FⅪ was detected in the study group 1 month after the end of anticoagulant therapy,and the results were compared with those of the control group during physical examination.Cox model was used to analyze the influence of FⅪ on the recurrence of DVT,and RCS was employed to analyze the relationship between DVT recur-rence and FⅪ level.Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted to analyze the recurrence risk of DVT with different FⅪ levels.The patients from the study group were followed up for 3 years.Results The FⅪ level was significantly higher in the study group than the control group(P＜0.05).During fol-low-up period,33 patients(16.75％)had DVT recurrence.The Cox model analysis after adjust-ment of sex and age showed that FⅪ level was a risk factor for DVT recurrence(P＜0.05).When the FⅪ level was set into tertile and the risk ratio was calculated after adjustment,FⅪ＜10.3 U/L,and the average FⅪ level at this stage was 9.2 U/L,the risk ratio was 0.82(95％CI:0.673-0.984);Patients with FⅪ between 10.3 and 12.1 U/L,and the average FⅪ at this stage was 11.4 U/L,the risk ratio of 1.04(95％CI:0.813-1.432).The those with FⅪ＞12.1 U/L,and the average FⅪ at this stage was 13.8 U/L,hazard ratio of 1.38(95％CI:0.921-1.563).Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the recurrence risk was 28.62％(95％CI:25.633-31.609),30.10％(95％CI:27.594-32.606)and 38.06％(95％CI:34.306-41.371),respectively for the low-,medium-,and high-level groups,with significant correlation among the three groups(x2=6.631,P=0.036).Conclusion Compared with healthy individuals,plasma FⅪ level is at a high level in the DVT patients.With the increment of FⅪ level,the risk of DVT recurrence increases.Two FⅪ levels,10.3 U/L and 12.1 U/L,can be used as reference points for the obvious increase of DVT recur-rence rate.

ObjectiveThe human angiotensin converting enzyme2 （hACE2） transgenic mouse model was used to clarify the antiviral efficacy of BD-77 against a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and explore the action mechanism of BD-77 against SARS-CoV-2. MethodSARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variant strains-infected VeroE6 cell models were established and administered with BD-77 to observe the antiviral effect of BD-77 in vitro. A kit was used to detect the effect of BD-77 in vitro on the binding of spike S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus （Delta/Omicron） to angiotensin converting enzyme2 （ACE2）. Chromatography was adopted to detect the binding of BD-77 to the S protein and N protein of the novel coronavirus. hACE2 transgenic C57BL/6 mice were divided into a blank control group， SARS-CoV-2 infection group， BD-77 administration groups of 37.5 mg·kg^-1 and 75 mg·kg^-1， with eight mice in each group. The pneumonia model of SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice was built to observe the survival of the mice， detect the virus titer of the lung tissue of the mice， and observe the lesions in the lung tissue. ResultBD-77 had a certain inhibitory effect on Omicron and Delta variant strains in vitro， with median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of 526.3 mg·L^-1 and 653.0 mg·L^-1， respectively. BD-77 had no significant inhibitory effect on the binding of the S protein of WT， Omicron， and Delta variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 and had no binding effect with the S protein and N protein of the novel coronavirus. No mice in the blank group died， while the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice was 75%. There was a large amount of virus replication in the lung tissue of the mice and large areas of inflammatory infiltration in the lung tissue and interstitium. Compared with the model group， BD-77 administration groups of 37.5 mg·kg^-1 and 75 mg·kg^-1 could reduce the mortality of mice， significantly lower the virus titer in the lung tissue of mice （P<0.05）， and improve lung lesions. ConclusionBD-77 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro and in vivo. However， its mechanism of action did not involve direct inhibition of the virus itself or intervention in the virus-host binding process. This finding suggests that the mechanism of action of BD-77 needs to be thoroughly investigated and elucidated by further experiments.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsule （SFJD）-containing serum on human lung epithelial cells infected by influenza A virus， and investigate the protective effect of the drug on the cells and the potential antiviral effect. MethodThe SFJD-containing serum was prepared and used to treat human lung epithelial cells （BEAS-2B） cultured in vitro. The viability of cells treated with different concentrations of SFJD-containing serum was measured by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）， and the optimal concentration of SFJD-containing serum was screened for subsequent experiments. BEAS-2B cells were classified into normal control， virus infection， and SFJD-containing serum groups， and the CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rate of BEAS-2B cells after virus infection and drug administration. The expression of influenza virus nucleic acid in the cells of each group was determined， and the apoptosis of cells in different groups was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of influenza virus nucleoprotein （NP）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 （MyD88） in each group of cells. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the fluorescence intensities of TLR4， MyD88， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB （p-NF-κB） in lung epithelial cells. ResultCompared with that in the control group （normal serum）， the cell survival rates in the blank serum and the SFJD-containing serum （5%， 10%， and 20%） groups were 100.00%±0.00%， 89.05%±4.80%， 87.13%±5.90%， 93.83%±6.03%， and 99.33%±3.39%， respectively （P<0.01）. The SFJD-containing serum of 20% was selected as the optimal treatment for subsequent experiments. Compared with the normal control group， the virus infection group showed reduced cell survival rate （P<0.01）， and the reduction was increased by the SFJD-containing serum （P<0.01）. Compared with the virus infection group， SFJD-containing serum reduced the virus load （P<0.01） to decrease apoptosis. Compared with the normal control group， the virus infection group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of NP， TLR4， and MyD88 （P<0.01）， and the up-regulation was down-regulated by the SFJD-containing serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The fluorescence intensities of TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-κB proteins in the cells increased after virus infection compared with those in the normal control （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and they were decreased after administration with the SFJD-containing serum （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe SFJD-containing serum can inhibit influenza virus in vitro by increasing the survival rate， reducing the apoptosis， and down-regulating the protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-κB in BEAS-2B cells.

Objective:To investigate the causality between intestinal flora and hypertrophic scars (HS) of human.Methods:This study was a study based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis. The data on intestinal flora ( n=18 473) and HS ( n=208 248) of human were obtained from the genome-wide association study database. Genetically variable genes at five levels (phylum, class, order, family, and genus) of known intestinal flora, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were extracted as instrumental variables for linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Human genotype-phenotype association analysis was performed using PhenoScanner V2 database to exclude SNPs unrelated to HS in intestinal flora and analyze whether the selected SNPs were weak instrumental variables. The causal relationship between intestinal flora SNPs and HS was analyzed through four methods of TSMR analysis, namely inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode. Scatter plots of significant results from the four aforementioned analysis methods were plotted to analyze the correlation between intestinal flora SNPs and HS. Both IVW test and MR-Egger regression test were used to assess the heterogeneity of intestinal flora SNPs, MR-Egger regression test and MR-PRESSO outlier test were used to assess the horizontal multiplicity of intestinal flora SNPs, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to determine whether HS was caused by a single SNP in the intestinal flora. Reverse TSMR analyses were performed for HS SNPs and genus Intestinimonas or genus Ruminococcus2, respectively, to detect whether there was reverse causality between them. Results:A total of 196 known intestinal flora, belonging to 9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 32 families, and 119 genera, were obtained, and multiple SNPs were obtained from each flora as instrumental variables. LD analysis showed that the SNPs of the intestinal flora were consistent with the hypothesis that genetic variation was strongly associated with exposure factors, except for rs1000888, rs12566247, and rs994794. Human genotype-phenotype association analysis showed that none of the selected SNPs after LD analysis was excluded and there were no weak instrumental variables. IVW, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode of TSMR analysis showed that both genus Intestinimonas and genus Ruminococcus2 were causally associated with HS. Among them, forest plots of IVW and MR-Egger regression analyses also showed that 16 SNPs (the same SNPs number of this genus below) of genus Intestinimonas and 15 SNPs (the same SNPs number of this genus below) of genus Ruminococcus2 were protective factors for HS. Further, IVW analysis showed that genus Intestinimonas SNPs (with odds ratio of 0.62, 95% confidence interval of 0.41-0.93, P<0.05) and genus Ruminococcus2 SNPs (with odds ratio of 0.62, 95% confidence interval of 0.40-0.97, P<0.05) were negatively correlated with the risk of HS. Scatter plots showed that SNPs of genus Intestinimonas and genus Ruminococcus2 were protective factors of HS. Both IVW test and MR-Egger regression test showed that SNPs of genus Intestinimonas (with Q values of 5.73 and 5.76, respectively, P>0.05) and genus Ruminococcus2 (with Q values of 13.67 and 15.61, respectively, P>0.05) were not heterogeneous. MR-Egger regression test showed that the SNPs of genus Intestinimonas and genus Ruminococcus2 had no horizontal multiplicity (with intercepts of 0.01 and 0.06, respectively, P>0.05); MR-PRESSO outlier test showed that the SNPs of genus Intestinimonas and genus Ruminococcus2 had no horizontal multiplicity ( P>0.05). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed that no single intestinal flora SNP drove the occurrence of HS. Reverse TSMR analysis showed no reverse causality between HS SNPs and genus Intestinimonas or genus Ruminococcus2 (with odds ratios of 1.01 and 0.99, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 0.97-1.06 and 0.96-1.04, respectively, P>0.05). Conclusions:There is a causal relationship between intestinal flora and HS of human, in which genus Intestinimonas and genus Ruminococcus2 have a certain effect on inhibiting HS.