Objective To explore the relationship between serum Interleukin-27(IL-27),Cystatin C(CysC),and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)antibodies and the severity of disease in children with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD),as well as their impact on prognosis.Methods A total of 102 children with NMOSD admitted to Kunming Children's Hospital from July 2019 to July 2023 were selected,along with 102 healthy during the same period.Serum levels of IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies were compared between children with NMOSD and healthy children.The levels of serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies were compared among children with varying disease severity.The correlations between serum IL-27,CysC,GAPDH antibodies and disease condition,cerebrospinal fluid markers were analyzed.And 102 children with NMOSD received individualized treatment and were followed up for 1 year.The prognosis was evaluated based on disease relapse,and patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group.The clinical data,serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibody levels were compared between the two groups.the impact of serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies on disease recurrence was analyzed,and the predictive value of serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies for disease recurrence was evaluated.Results Children with NMOSD had lower levels of serum IL-27 and CysC and higher levels of GAPDH antibodies than healthy children(P<0.05).Serum IL-27 and CysC levels were negatively correlated with Aquaporin 4(AQP4)-IgG antibody positivity,the number of spinal cord-involved segments,Expanded disability status scale(EDSS)scores,cerebrospinal fluid protein content,and white blood cell count.In contrast GAPDH antibodies were positively correlated with these parameters(P<0.05).After 1-year follow-up,2 cases were lost to follow-up,21 cases relapsed,and 79 cases did not,which were included in the relapse group and non-relapse group,respectively.There were significant differences in the number of spinal cord-involved segments,EDSS scores,and cerebrospinal fluid protein content between the relapse group and non-relapse group(P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-27 and CysC were lower and the levels of GAPDH antibodies were higher in the relapse group than the non-relapse group(P<0.05).Serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies were significantly associated with disease relapse(P<0.05).The Area under the curve(AUC)values for predicting disease recurrence in children with NMOSD based on serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies were 0.748,0.791,and 0.747,respectively,with optimal cutoff values of 38.77 pg/mL,0.79 mg/L,and 55.81 pg/mL,respectively.The combined prediction of disease relapse using these three markers had an AUC of 0.900,which was superior to individual prediction values(Z=2.215,2.137,2.220,P=0.024,0.033,0.023).Conclusion The levels of serum IL-27,CysC,and GAPDH antibodies are significantly correlated with the disease severity and prognosis in children with NMOSD,and can effectively predict the risk of disease recurrence.Combined detection provides more reliable predictive value.

This article reviews the development models, evaluation tools, participation status, decision-making aids, interventions and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients participating in treatment decision-making at home and abroad, so as to provide references for my country's research on COPD patients participating in treatment decision-making.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approach in tibial intramedullary nail fixation for tibial fracture. Methods Clinical trials that evaluated suprapatellar approach and infrapatellar approach for tibia intramedullary nailing fixation were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) , Chinese Biology Medicine ( CBM) , Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI databases. Methodological qualities of the included studies were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine whether overall results were reliable. Publication bias was detected using Begg's test and Egger's test. Lysholm score, reoperation rate, Hospital for Special Surgery ( HSS ) score, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were selected to evaluate the clinical effect of suprapatellar approach and infrapatellar approach in tibial intramedullary nail fixation for tibial fracture. Results Two randomized controlled trials and six case-controlled studies involving 787 patients were included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were statistically significant. No significant publication bias was detected by Begg's test or Egger's test. Our meta-analysis indicated that suprapatellar approach had significantly higher Lysholm score ( MD=1. 04, 95％CI 0. 82 -1. 26, P<0. 05, I2 =10. 5％) and HSS score ( MD =0. 97, 95％CI 0. 65 -1. 30, P <0. 05, I2 =0 ) than infrapatellar approach ( P <0. 05 ) . Additionally, there were no statistical differences between the two procedures in reoperation rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay (P>0. 05). Conclusion Compared with infrapatellar approach, suprapatellar approach in intramedullary nail fixation for tibial fracture can better relieve the pain, keep stability and motion of the knee joint and promote function recovery of knee joint.

Objective To investigate the molluscicidal effect of 5%niclosamide ethanolamine granules against Oncomela-nia hupensis in a marshland field. Methods The 5%niclosamide ethanolamine granules were sprayed at a dose of 40 g/m2 on 3 snail-breeding marshlands in Yangzhong City of Jiangsu Province to assess its field molluscicidal actions while 26%suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide MNSC) at a dose of 4 g/m2 and fresh water served as controls. Results After seven days spraying, 5%niclosamide ethanolamine granules resulted in a of snail mortal85.42%ity while the mortality rates of snails were 82.35% and 2.86% in the MNSC and water control groups respectively. Conclusion 5% niclosamide ethanol-amine granules exhibit a high molluscicidal activity which is suitable to be used in the mashland.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of a natural swelling matrix derived from boat-fruited sterculia seed (SMS) as the propellant of osmotic pump tablets. The sugar components, static swelling, water uptake and viscosity of SMS were determined and compared with that of polythylene oxide (WSR-N10 and WSR-303). Both ribavirin and glipizide were used as water-soluble and water-insoluble model drugs. Then, the monolayer osmotic pump tablets of ribavirin and the bilayer osmotic pump tablets of glipizide were prepared using SMS as the osmotically active substance and propellant. SMS was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and galactose and exhibited relatively high swelling ability. The area of the disintegrated matrix tablet was 20.1 times as that at initial after swelling for 600 s. SMS swelled rapidly and was fully swelled (0.5%) in aqueous solution with relative low viscosity (3.66 +/- 0.03) mPa x s at 25 degrees C. The monolayer osmotic pump tablets of ribavirin and the bilayer osmotic pump tablets of glipizide using SMS as propellant exhibited typical drug release features of osmotic pumps. In conclusion, the swelling matrix derived from boat-fruited sterculia seed, with low viscosity and high swelling, is a potential propellant in the application of osmotic pump tablets.

In this paper, chloramphenicol was selected as a model drug to prepare in situ gels. The intrinsic dissolution rate of chloramphenicol from in situ gel was evaluated using the surface dissolution imaging system. The results indicated that intrinsic dissolution rate of chloramphenicol thermosensitive in situ gel decreased significantly when the poloxamer concentration increased. The addition of the thickener reduced the intrinsic dissolution rate of chloramphenicol thermosensitive gel, wherein carbomer had the most impact. Different dilution ratios of simulated tear fluid greatly affected gel temperature, and had little influence on the intrinsic dissolution rate of chloramphenicol from the thermosensitive in situ gel. The pH of simulated tear fluid had little influence on the intrinsic dissolution rate of chloramphenicol thermosensitive in situ gel. For the pH sensitive in situ gel, the dissolution rates of chloramphenicol in weak acidic and neutral simulated tear fluids were slower than that in weak alkaline simulated tear fluid. In conclusion, the intrinsic dissolution of chloramphenicol from in situ gel was dependent on formulation and physiological factors. With advantages of small volume sample required and rapid detection, the UV imaging method can be an efficient tool for the evaluation of drug release characteristics of ophthalmic in situ gel.

In order to evaluate the moUuseicidal effect of 50% wettable power of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(WPN)combined with urea against Oncomelania snails in the field,4 g/m~2 WPN,4 g/m~2 WPN+20 g/m2 urea and 4 g/m~2 WPN+30 g/m~2 urea were used for mollusciciding with the spraying method.The results showed after 7 days,the mortality rates of snail were 74.43% for 4 g/m~2 WPN,90.32% for 4 g/m~2 WPN+20 g/m~2 urea and 94.83% for 4 g/m~2 WPN+30 g/m~2 urea,respectively.It is indicated that WPN combined with urea can improve the molluscieidal effect significantly.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologieal characteristics of the pre-hospital care cases in Shanghai in the year 2007. Method Based the demographic records in the year 2007, the cases which from the database of Shanghai pre-hospital care center with full items were analyzed. Chi-square test and exact probabilities were used to compete the consfituent ratio; and the method of circular distribution was used to calculate the peak time, date and month. Results There were 86 815 patients with pre-hospital care well documented from the ur-ban districts of Shanghai. The ratio of male to female was 3.89: 1. The senile patients accounted for 84.95% of all the pre-hospital care ones. The major causes of disease in patients with pre-hospital care were trauma, eere-brovascular disease,cardiac diseases, coma, high fever, tumor emergency, acute abodomen emergency,OB/GYN emergency and upper G1 tract bleeding in turn. During the daytime, the occurrence of those emergency patients with pre-hospital care usually peaked at 2:15 o' clock with the high frequency in the period of 5:45 to 17:45 o' clock.The top nine diseases had their own peak time and high frequency period, respectively. Within a year, no peak date occurrence of patients with prehospital care, in tolal, was found. Howerer, the occurrence of patients with high fever, acute abdomen and upper GI bleeding had specific peak dates within a year, respectively. Conclusioes The pre-hospital care eases in the urban of Shanghai have own epidemiologieal characteristics. Perfect the construc-tion of pre-hospital emergency care system, improving the professional training, and thereby meeting the require-ments are factors in the fundamental guarantee of improving the rescue full success rate of severe patients.

Objective To evaluate the long-term molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide (SCN) spraying in marshland regions of the Yangtze River. Methods A marshland with Oncomelania snails in Yangzhong City, Jiangsu Province, was selected as the study spot, and a dose of 6-8 g/m2 of SCN was sprayed yearly for four successive years, and the status of snails was investigated. Results From 2004 to 2007, the average densities of living snails were 6.00, 4.25, 2.04, 1.95 snails/0.1 m2, respectively before the use of molluscicide, and 0.86, 0.86, 0.23, 0.16 snails/0.1 m2, respectively after that. The average densities of living snails before and after the use of molluscicide reduced year by year, and the reduction rates of average densities of living snails were 85.67%, 79.76%, 88.49% and 91.78%, respectively from 2004 to 2007. The rate of frames with snails after the use of molluscicide was 73.46% in 2007, with a reduction rate of 86.85% compared with 9.66% of that before the use of molluscicide in 2004, and the average density of living snails reduced from 6.00 snails/0.1 m2 to 0.16 snails/0.1 m2, with a reduction rate of 97.33%. Conclusions After the spraying for four successive years, the density of snails reduces significantly and the molluscicidal effect is stable and reliable. SCN is a formulation of molluscicide for long-term application in marshland regions.