Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of overtime work on neck musculoskeletal disorders of occupational population in China.Methods:In August 2023, the literatures on the relationship between overtime work and neck musculoskeletal disorders were searched in China National Knowledge Infrasture (CNKI), WanFang Database, Chinese Science & Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) and PubMed. The search scope was Chinese and English literatures published before June 30, 2023. The Quality of literature studies was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) cross-sectional study quality evaluation criteria. The Stata 15.0 software was used to calculate combined OR values, and subgroup analysis and meta regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results:A total of 32 literatures were included, all of which were in Chinese, with a total sample size of 36003 people, and the literature quality scores were 5-7 points. Heterogeneity test showed that there was no heterogeneity between the literatures ( I2=20.3%, P=0.156), so fixed effect model was selected to calculate the combined OR value. The combined OR value of overtime work on neck musculoskeletal disorders was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.42-1.60, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the combined OR of occupational population <35 years old group was higher than that in the ≥35 years old group ( P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the combined OR values in the subgroups classified by average years of service, male proportion, type of OR values, sample size and industry classification ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:Overtime work is a risk factor for neck musculoskeletal disorders in Chinese occupational population. Working hours should be rationally arranged to reduce the prevalence of neck musculoskeletal disorders.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of overtime work on neck musculoskeletal disorders of occupational population in China.Methods:In August 2023, the literatures on the relationship between overtime work and neck musculoskeletal disorders were searched in China National Knowledge Infrasture (CNKI), WanFang Database, Chinese Science & Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) and PubMed. The search scope was Chinese and English literatures published before June 30, 2023. The Quality of literature studies was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) cross-sectional study quality evaluation criteria. The Stata 15.0 software was used to calculate combined OR values, and subgroup analysis and meta regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results:A total of 32 literatures were included, all of which were in Chinese, with a total sample size of 36003 people, and the literature quality scores were 5-7 points. Heterogeneity test showed that there was no heterogeneity between the literatures ( I2=20.3%, P=0.156), so fixed effect model was selected to calculate the combined OR value. The combined OR value of overtime work on neck musculoskeletal disorders was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.42-1.60, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the combined OR of occupational population <35 years old group was higher than that in the ≥35 years old group ( P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the combined OR values in the subgroups classified by average years of service, male proportion, type of OR values, sample size and industry classification ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:Overtime work is a risk factor for neck musculoskeletal disorders in Chinese occupational population. Working hours should be rationally arranged to reduce the prevalence of neck musculoskeletal disorders.

Objective To monitor the indoor radon concentration of urban residents in Shiyan, China, and to analyze the related influencing factors. Methods From April to July, 2019, RSKS standard detectors were used to measure the indoor radon concentration of 125 households in Shiyan, and the results were analyzed. Results The indoor radon concentration of residents in Shiyan showed a skewed distribution, ranging from 13.8 to 145 Bq/m³, and M (P₂₅,P₇₅) was 38.3 (29.0,62.0) Bq/m³. The estimated annual effective dose of radon and radon daughters from inhalation was 0.52-5.50 mSv, and M (P₂₅,P₇₅) was 1.45 (1.10, 2.36) mSv, which was consistent with literature. Building structure (H = 14.10, P < 0.001), floor (H = 24.41, P < 0.001), and geographical region (H = 8.963, P < 0.05) were influencing factors of indoor radon concentration, and the differences were significant. Conclusion The indoor radon concentration of urban residents in Shiyan is lower than the national standard limit. However, in daily life, it is still necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce the concentration of indoor radon as much as possible.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors and population attributable risk percent (PAR%) of low back pain in automobile assemblers. Methods: A total of 634 assemblers from 11 automobile manufacturers in Shiyan City, Hubei Province were chosen as research subjects using judgment sampling method. The prevalence of low back pain in the past one year was investigated using Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. PAR% was used to analyze the contribution of influencing factors to low back pain. Results: The annual prevalence of low back pain was 68.8%. The results of multivariate logistics regression showed that length of service>15 years, high school or secondary college education or above, standing most of the time, sitting most of the time, the proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8, and bending for insufficient height of working space were the risk factors for low back pain (all P<0.05). The PAR% of the proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8 was 43.0%, 37.8% for standing most of the time, and 12.8% for bending for insufficient height of working space. Conclusion: The annual prevalence of low back pain was higher in automobile assemblers. The influencing factors included individual factors and occupational factors. The proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8, standing most of the time and bending for insufficient height of working space should be taken as the priority intervention factors to reduce the prevalence of low back pain among assemblers in this enterprise.

Objective: To study the effect of noise on hypertension and hyperglycemia among occupational workers. Methods: Total 670 workers in an automobile manufacturing company were selected as the subjects of physical examination in 2017. According to the noise exposure or not, the subjects were divided into control group (no noise exposure) 143 and contact group (noise exposure) 527. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted. The measurement data were analyzed by t-test, and the count data and grade data were analyzed by χ² test. The influence of noise on blood glucose, heart rate, blood pressure and other indicators was analyzed by logistic regression, and the OR and 95%CI of each risk factor were calculated. Results: The average age of the control group and the contact group was no significant difference (P>0.05) . There were 139 (20.7%) cases of high systolic pressure, 154 (23.0%) cases of high diastolic pressure, 63 (9.4%) cases of hyperglycemia, 29 (4.3%) cases of tachycardia. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose in the contact group (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose of the subjects in the corresponding age contact group increased significantly (P<0.05) . The years of noise exposure were protective factors for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (OR=0.970, 0.973) . Conclusion Noise exposure may increase blood pressure and blood sugar of occupational workers, but the effect on heart rate can not be determined.

Objective To study the physical activities for myopia in children. Methods ICF theory and literature research were used to analyze the current status of myopia in children, as well as the related factors, and mechanisms of formation and improvement, and discussed the physical activity for their visual function and overall development. Results Myopia was epidemic and began in low ages. The related factors mainly included focus time, less in physical activities, stress in education and poor vision environment. Myopia happened through the ciliary muscle spasm and synergistic dysfunction. Physical activity played a role like adjustment function training to improve the function of ciliary muscles, and promote the development of vision.Conclusion Development of special physical activities based on the theory of ICF may improve the visual function in children and promote their overall development.

Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of static visual acuity (SVA) and kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and the correlation between the for children. Methods From April to June, 2018, SVA and KVA of 715 children aged 6 to 10 years in Suzhou were tested with logarithmic visual chart and KVA meter. Results KVA and SVA increased with age within 6 to 9 years old, and decreased then. KVA was higher in boys than in girls (t = 4.604, P < 0.001), but not significantly different for SVA (t = 1.822, P > 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between KVA and SVA (r = 0.552, P < 0.01). KVA can predicted SVA (B = 0.617, P < 0.001). Conclusion KVA and SVA develop for children aged 6 to 9, and moderately positive correlate with each other. It means SVA may be improved via training of KVA.

Objective To determine the reference intervals for thyroid function tests during the second half of pregnancy (20-40 gestational weeks),and to assess the relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels and the incidence of gestational thyroid diseases.Methods Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroxine (FT4),TPOAb and urinary iodine excretion were determined in 4 729 pregnant women,who received prenatal health care at First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2011 to August 2013.Among these women,2 568 were selected using the recommendations of the American National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry,and were divided into five groups according to their gestational age:≥ 20 to ＜24 weeks (682 cases),≥ 24 to ＜28 weeks (1 322 cases),≥ 28 to ＜32 weeks (178 cases),≥ 32 to ＜36 weeks (185 cases) and ≥ 36 to ≤ 40 weeks (201 cases).Reference intervals of thyroid function tests in the second half of pregnancy were calculated.The reference values of thyroid functions in different gestational weeks were compared,and the reference intervals of thyroid functions in the second half of pregnancy were determined.The effects of maternal age and positive TPOAb on gestational thyroid diseases were analyzed.A non-parametric test,analysis of variance or Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Reference intervals for maternal thyroid function in the second half of pregnancy in our hospital were established [TSH:0.65-5.27 mU/L and FT4:8.74-14.84 pmol/L].(2) The percentage of thyroid diseases was higher using the non-pregnancy reference intervals (TSH:0.27-4.20 mU/L and FT4:12.00-22.00 pmol/L) than using the pregnancy reference intervals [64.0％ (3 025/4 729) vs 16.1％ (763/4 729),x2=47.465,P ＜ 0.01],which manifested as a higher rate of clinical hypothyroidism and simple hypothyroxinemia [5.4％ (255/4 729) vs 0.4％ (20/4 729),x2=14.321;54.1％ (2 560/4 729) vs 9.1％ (429/4 729),x2=47.108;both P＜0.01] and a lower rate of subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism [1.2％ (58/4 729) vs 3.3％ (155/4 729),x2=6.650;0.3％ (13/4 729) vs 0.6％ (27/4 729),x2=2.062;both P＜0.05].(3) The incidence of clinical hypothyroidism and simple hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women aged ＞30 years was higher than in those aged ≤ 30 years [0.7％ (10/1 377) vs 0.3％ (10/3 352),x2=4.257;11.7％ (161/1 377) vs 8.0％ (268/3 352),x2=16.102;both P＜0.05].The incidence of clinical hypothyroidism and clinical hyperthyroidism in TPOAb positive women was higher than that in TPOAb negative women [2.7％ (9/335) vs 0.3％ (11/4 394),x2=44.009;3.9％ (13/335) vs 1.2％ (52/4 394),x2=16.784;both P＜0.01].Conclusions The established pregnancy-specific reference ranges of thyroid function tests can reduce the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of gestational thyroid diseases.Maternal age ＞30 years and positive TPOAb may increase the risk ofgestational thyroid diseases.

Objective To observe the clinical outcome of modified posterolateral approaches for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. Methods From January 2012 to January 2015,13 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures were identified in the Second Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Nan?jing Medical University. All the posterolateral fractures were fixated with a plate. The knee function was evaluated at the last follow?up by the Hospital for Special Surgery( HSS) Score,and the occurrence of postoperative compli?cations were observed. Results Thirteen patients were followed up for an average of 14. 4 months,all patients obtained bony union. There were no significant differences regarding the mean HSS score among 3 months, 6 months and 1 year post?operation((71. 6±1. 5) points, (76. 4±1. 6) points, (83. 2±1. 1) points;P=0. 154) . There were no significant differences regarding the tibial plateau angle and posterior slope angle on radiograph?ies of inside and outsideamong immediate,6 and 12 months postoperation((83. 7±1. 7)°,(84. 3±1. 5)°,(85. 1 ±1. 4)°,(85. 4±1. 5)°;(7. 7±1. 5)°,(7. 7±1. 4)°,(7. 7±1. 3)°,(7. 6±1. 8)°;P=0. 223,0. 191). No com?plications associated with the approach were observed and there was no infection,no malunion or fixation failure either. Conclusion In the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures,the modified posterolateral approa?ches can result in excellent fracture reduction under direct visualization and allow for posterior buttress plating.

Objective To describe the current status and associated risk factors on child abuse in children aged 7-12 in rural areas of Ningxia.Methods Using multistage sampling method to select townships and villages.Children aged 7-12 and their guardians were selected by random sampling method in those villages.Current status on child abuse was described under related percentage while logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with child abuse.Results A total number of 704 children aged 7-12 from 15 villages in two counties were interviewed.Among them,359 (50.2％) children had experienced child abuse (include physical abuse,negligence,emotional/ physical abuse and sexual abuse) in the past year.Physical abuse (44.6％) was the most frequent one in all the child abuse cases.Only 10 (1.4％) children had a comprehensive understanding of ‘child abuse’.55.5％ of the children had ever reported this problem to their parents or teachers when suffered from abuse episodes.Results from the logistic regression model showed that factors as:being boys (OR=1.37,95％ CI:1.01-1.85),under Han nationality (OR=1.49,95％CI:1.06-2.08),at younger age (OR=1.16,95％CI:1.05-1.28),staying with single parent (OR=2.05,95％CI:1.16-3.64) and from wealthy family (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.03-2.33) were at risk for child abuse.Conclusion Child abuse in rural areas in Ningxia was a serious problem,Children' s cognitive to child abuse was very low.More attention should be paid to children with the following characteristics as:being boys,under Han nationality,at younger age,staying with single parent.