To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.

BACKGROUND:Metal-organic frameworks exhibited great potential for bone tissue engineering and bone disease treatment because of its unique merits including tunable porosity,a large specific surface area,good biocompatibility,and easy structure modification. OBJECTIVE:To review the advancements,application,strengths,and weaknesses of metal-organic framework materials in bone repair,arthritis,bone infection,and bone tumors,offering guidance and strategies for future research. METHODS:Web of Science,PubMed,and CNKI databases were searched using Chinese and English keywords"metal-organic frameworks,MOFs,orthopedics,bone repair,bone regeneration,orthopaedic applications,bone tissue engineering,bone infection,arthritis,bone tumor,osteosarcoma"for related literature published from 2015 to 2023.Following initial screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,72 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During bone repair,metal ions of metal-organic frameworks can induce bone formation by activating specific signaling pathways,which include stimulating osteogenic gene expression,inhibiting osteoclasts,encouraging blood vessel formation,and speeding up bone mineralization.Hence,metal-organic frameworks with metals like calcium,strontium,cobalt,copper,and magnesium ions show significant potential in enhancing bone implant performance.(2)Metal-organic framework materials,especially zinc/cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks,exhibit enzyme-like activities and promote cartilage regeneration by scavenging reactive oxygen species.Compared with natural enzymes,it has the advantages of not easy inactivation and better stability.(3)Zinc-based metal-organic framework materials characterized with wide band gaps,efficient separation and migration of photogenerated carriers,and high stability,the enhancement of photocatalytic activity results from enhancing the excited electron-hole widely used for the eradication of bacteria and tumor cells.(4)Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks,the doping of additional metals,showed critical advantages in optimizing structural performance,such as zinc/magnesium-based metal-organic framework 74 offering increased stability for durable antibacterial activity,and the light absorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum/zirconium-based metal-organic framework greatly improved and thus enhancing the radiation therapy.(5)However,metal-organic framework materials still face challenges in clinical applications,such as the uncertainty of drug release,in vivo safety,and potential immune responses from long-term presence.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective To externally validate a prediction model based on clinical and CT imaging features for the preoperative identification of high-grade patterns (HGP), such as micropapillary and solid subtypes, in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, in order to guide clinical treatment decisions. Methods This study conducted an external validation of a previously developed prediction model using a cohort of patients with clinical stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The model, which incorporated factors including tumor size, density, and lobulation, was assessed for its discrimination, calibration performance, and clinical impact. Results A total of 650 patients (293 males, 357 females; age range: 30-82 years) were included. The validation showed that the model demonstrated good performance in discriminating HGP (area under the curve>0.7). After recalibration, the model's calibration performance was improved. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that at a threshold probability>0.6, the number of HGP patients predicted by the model closely approximated the actual number of cases. Conclusion This study confirms the effectiveness of a clinical and imaging feature-based prediction model for identifying HGP in stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma in a clinical setting. Successful application of this model may be significant for determining surgical strategies and improving patients' prognosis. Despite certain limitations, these findings provide new directions for future research.

Objective To assess the feasibility and imaging outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopic technique in the treatment of lumbar foraminal stenosis through contralateral approach.Methods The clinical data of 33 patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis treated with unilateral biportal endoscopic technique from January 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 17 males and 16 females;age ranging from 34 to 72 years old with an average of(56.00±7.89)years old;operation time and perioperative complications were recorded;visual analogue scale(VAS)of pain was recorded,to evaluate the degree of low back pain and lower extremity pain,and Oswestry disability index(ODI)to evaluate the lumbar spine func-tion.At the latest follow-up,the modified Macnab score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results All patients success-fully completed the operation.The operation time ranged from 47 to 65 minutes,with an average of(56.10±5.19)minutes.The postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 18 months,with an average of(14.9±2.3)months.The VAS of low back and lower extermity pain before operation were(7.273±1.442)and(7.697±1.447)scores,ODI was(69.182±9.740)％.Postoperative lumbocrural pain VAS were(3.394±0.966)and(2.818±0.727)scores,ODI was(17.30±4.78)％.At the latest follow-up,VAS of back and lower extermity pain was(2.788±0.650)and(2.394±0.704)scores,ODI was(14.33±350)％.There were signifi-cant differences in VAS of low back and lower extremity pain and ODI before and after operation(P＜0.05).At the latest follow-up,according to the modified Macnab criteria,24 patients got excellent result,5 as good,2 as fair,and 2 as poor.Conclusion Unilateral biportal endoscopic treatment of lumbar foraminal stenosis through the contralateral approach is a safe and efficient method,with few complications,quick postoperative recovery,and satisfactory clinical outcomes.During the follow-up period,no iatrogenic lumbar instability was observed.

Objective To investigate the effect of pristimerin(PM)on adriamycin(ADM)resistance in osteosarcoma cells and its mechanism.Methods The ADM resistant cells MG-63/ADR was established in vitro by using the ADM increasing concentration gradient long-term culture method,CCK-8 was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of ADM on the viability of osteosarcoma cells MG-63 and MG-63/ADR cells to verify the drug resistance of ADM;subsequently,MG-63/ADR cells were randomly divided into the MG-63/ADR group(normal culture),low-dose PM group(adding 0.5 μmol/L PM),middle-dose PM group(adding 1.0 μmol/L PM)and high-dose PM group(adding 2.0 μmol/L PM).The cell viability of each group under different concentrations of ADM treatment was detected by CCK-8;the sensitivity of cells to ADM in each group was detected by plate clone formation assay;the cell morphology of each group was observed under microscope;the cell apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry;Western blot was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1(p-MST1),MST1,phosphorylated large tumor suppressor 1(p-LATS1),LATS1,phosphorylated Yes associated protein(p-YAP)and YAP proteins.Results With the intervention of 25,125,625,3 125 and 15 625 ng/mL ADM,the activity of MG-63/ADR cells was significantly higher than that of MG-63 cells(P＜0.05),which indicated that the ADM resistant cell model was successfully established.Compared with the MG-63/ADR group,the number of cells in the low,middle and high-dose PM groups decreased,and the cells gradually shrank,the spacing between cells became larger,and the cell viability,cell clonal formation rate and p-YAP/YAP level decreased(P＜0.05),the apoptosis rate and the levels of p-MST1/MST1 and p-LATS1/LATS1 significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of PM on ADM resistance in osteosarcoma cells may be related to the activation of Hippo pathway and the downregulation of YAP signal.

AIM:To observe the vascular remodel-ing of eriodictyol(EDT)in spontaneously hyperten-sive rats(SHRs)by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB signaling and to investigate the potential mechanism of ac-tion.METHODS:WKY normal control,SHRs model and EDT administration(EDT 120 mg/kg,SHRs+EDT)group were set for 20 weeks.Tail cuff method for blood BP measurement(SBP,DBP and MBP).Ul-trasonic detection of pulse wave velocity(PWV).The aortic media membrane thickness(MT)was vi-sualized by HE staining.The percentage of aortic collagen(VFC)changes were observed by MASSON staining,Serum content of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 was measured by ELISA.The TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 mRNA changes in the aorta were detected by q-PCR.The aortic Collagen Ⅰ and Collagen Ⅲ expres-sion was observed by immunohistochemistry,WB measured the expression of aortic TGF-β1,MMP-2,MMP-9,TLR4,p-IκBa,IκBa,p-p65 and p65.RE-SULTS:After 20 weeks of EDT administration,SBP,DBP,MBP and PWV of SHRs were significantly de-creased,MT and VFC of aorta were significantly de-creased,and protein expressions of Collagen Ⅰ,Col-lagen Ⅲ,TGF-β1,MMP-2,MMP-9,TLR4,p-l Camba and p-p65 were significantly decreased.CONCLU-SION:After long-term administration of EDT could inhibit TLR4/NF-κB signaling and exert anti-inflam-matory effects,thus reducing TGF-β1,MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression,decreasing collagen content,and finally improving aortic remodeling and sclero-sis of SHRs.

The prevalence of Lyme disease in endogenous populations in Urumqi,Xinjiang was investigated.In total,795 serum samples were collected from residents of three townships in the surrounding area of Urumqi City from 2022 to 2023,which included 383 from Lucaogou Town,145 from Shuixigou Town,and,267 from Tori Township.Serum levels of IgG and IgM antibodies were screened with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and confirmed by western blot(WB)analysis.Clinical data of WB-positive indi-viduals were collected and comprehensive analysis was con-ducted for case diagnosis.The chi square test was used for statistical analysis of the results and the P＜0.05 was consid-ered statistically significant.In total,110(13.84％)of 795 samples were positive.The positivity rates was higher in females than males[16.26％(73/449)vs.10.69％(37/346),x2=5.076,P=0.024],while there was no significant difference among age groups(x2=2.569,P=0.766).The positivity rates for serum antibodies in Shuixigou Town,Lucaogou Town,and Tuoli Township were 17.98％(48/267),14.48％(21/145),and 10.70％(41/383),respectively,with a significantly higher rate in Tuoli Township than Lucaogou Town(x2=7.041,P=0.008).Of 110 individuals who were initially positive for IgG and IgM antibodies with the ELISA,82(10.31％)were con-firmed positive by WB analysis.In total,20(2.52％)patients were diagnosed with Lyme disease based on clinical manifesta-tions.Lyme disease is epidemic among the population in Urumqi,as the infection rate is higher than the national average.Hence,continued surveillance is recommended for prevention of Lyme disease.

Pancreatic polypeptide(PP),a pancreatic hormone containing 36 amino acids,plays impor-tant roles in the diagnosis and evaluation of pancreatic function,injury and diseases.In this study,a phage nanobody library against PP was constructed to screen specific PP nanobodies,which would be used to evaluate whether they have binding activity with PP antigen.After PP antigen with high purity was prepared by prokaryotic expression system,it was used to immunize alpaca to construct the nanobody li-brary against PP with high storage capacity and high abundance,from which 8 strains of PP nanobodies were obtained by phage display.One of nanobody strain(PP-VHH)was selected to be expressed in a prokaryotic expression system,which was induced overnight by IPTG.After purification and identifica-tion,the antigen-antibody binding activity and PP level in serum were detected by indirect ELISA and Sandwich ELISA methods,respectively.The results showed that PP-VHH had binding activity with PP,which could be used to detect PP in chicken and human serum.The Sandwich ELISA methods with R2 of the fitting curve 0.9868 could be used to detect PP concentrations of 48-55 pg/mL in the serum of chick-ens,while the concentrations of PP in human serum varied significantly.In summary,PP-VHH screened from nanobody library against PP could detect PP in serum,which would supply the basis for evaluation of abnormal pancreatic function and diagnosis of relative disease.

Objective:To prepare mesenchymal stem cells with antioxidant capacity (AO-MSC ) from human umbilical cords and evaluate its cell biological properties.Methods:In control group,mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated by digesting human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly tissues with 0.2％ collagenase Ⅱ,and the released cells were collected and cultured in an animal serum-free culture medium.In AO-MSC group,incompletely collagenase Ⅱ-digested tissue debris were allowed to adhere to flusk flat bottoms and the AO-MSC was harvested by adherent culture. The conventional digestion and culture method was used as control.MSC colony forming ability was evaluated by fibroblast colony forming assay (CFU-F).MSC proliferative capacity was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.The MSC surface markers were detected by using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining.The adipogenic and osteogenic capacity of MSC was evaluated by multi-differentiation in vitro,and the mRNA expression of genes that control adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR );Moreover,the mRNA expression of antioxidant substances such as SOD-1,GSH,GAT,and NQO1 in MSC was also evaluated by RT-qPCR.Results:The AO-MSC isolated by this strategy reached a confluence of 80％-90％ at around 18 days and grew in a swirling pattern.Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining assays showed that CD73,CD29,CD105,CD90 were highly expressed and CD31,CD45,HLA-DR were scarcely expressed in AO-MSC.AO-MSC exhibited stronger self-renewal and differentiation ability compared to MSC.However,the in vitro adipogenic-osteogenic capacity of MSC in the control group was stronger than that of AO-MSC.RT-qPCR assay showed that AO-MSC expressed higher mRNA levels of antioxidant substances compared to MSC.Conclusion:Human AO-MSC is successfully prepared from human umbilical cord without animal serum.