As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective To explore the pregnancy outcomes and prognosis following in vitro fertilization,and tumor prognosis of infertility patients with borderline ovarian tumor(BOT)after fertility-sparing surgery(FSS).Methods A retrospective study was conducted and 35 infertility patients with BOT after FSS from Shanghai Jiai Genetics and IVF Institute,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University were enrolled.The pregnancy outcomes and tumor prognosis were analyzed.Results Among the patients,serous BOT accounted for 62.9％.Twenty-five cases were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage Ⅰ,2 stage Ⅱ,and 8 stage Ⅲ.Twelve patients experienced borderline tumor recurrence before assisted reproductive therapy,of which 5 patients were stage Ⅲ and 7 stage Ⅰ.After FSS,the 35 patients firstly underwent controlled ovarian stimulation(COS)at an average interval of(47.3±32.6)months.A total of 79 ovulation induction cycles were taken and mild stimulation protocol was adopted first(41.8％),followed by the natural cycle protocol(25.3％).Twenty-seven patients underwent embryo transfer in 37 cycles,resulting in 21 clinical pregnancies in 19 patients.The clinical pregnancy rate was 56.8％,with a cumulative pregnancy rate of 54.3％.The live birth rate was 43.2％,and the cumulative live birth rate was 42.9％.For patients with anti-Müllerian hormone levels<1.0 ng/mL(n=13),the pregnancy rate was 42.9％,and the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate was 23.1％.Among 30 patients,4(13.3％)patient with stage Ⅲ BOT experienced recurrence,and none had malignant transformation at the median follow-up period of 61 months after the first COS.Conclusion Assisted reproductive technology was safe and could improve pregnancy rates in infertile women with BOT.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological trends of viral diarrhea pathogens in children in Baotou city, and to provide reference for controlling the prevalence of viral diarrhea and guiding the development of regional vaccines.Methods:Fecal samples were collected from children under five years old hospitalized with viral diarrhea at two sentinel hospitals in Baotou from June 2023 to May 2024. Real-time PCR was used to detect group A rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software, with Chi-square tests conducted to assess differences. A P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 246 fecal samples were collected, including 153 from males and 93 from females. Among these, 135 samples tested positive, yielding a positivity rate of 54.88% (135/246). There were 82 positive samples from male children and 53 from female children, with no significant difference between genders. Most positive samples (51.85%, 70/135) tested positive for two viruses. Specifically, co-infections of group A rotavirus with norovirus or adenovirus accounted for 98.57% (69/70) of all co-infected cases. Significant differences in detection rates were observed across age groups (χ 2=29.803, P<0.001), with the highest positivity rates in children under one year old and in the 1-year age group. Seasonality, viral diarrhea in Baotou was more prevalent in winter and spring. The G8P[8] genotype of group A rotavirus was the predominant strain. Conclusions:From June 2023 to May 2024, viral diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years old in Baotou is primarily caused by co-infections of group A rotavirus and norovirus, with a higher incidence in preschool-aged children. The G8P[8] genotype of group A rotavirus is the dominant strain. It is recommended to strengthen vaccination and surveillance efforts for viral diarrhea in preschool children, particularly during the winter and spring seasons.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an inflammatory disease mainly associated with polyarthritis.It is mainly due to the joint swelling and joint inflammation caused by immune cells.The alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicine can reduce the level of pro-inflammatory factors and increase the level of anti-inflammatory factors,reduce the joint synovial tissue hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration and new blood vessel formation,inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts,and then play an anti-RA role.Therefore,the review used the effects and mechanisms of alkaloids for RA to inform the development of new drugs for RA.

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal diseases.In DN patients,key pathological mechanisms include proteinuria,glomerulo-sclerosis,and fibrosis,largely driven by poor glycemic control and oxidative stress caused by prolonged hyperglycemia.This stress damages renal podocytes and triggers inflammatory mesenchymal infiltration of renal tubular cells,exacerbating the progression of proteinuria and fibrosis.Human umbilical cord-de-rived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)offer promising potential for treating DN due to their strong anti-oxidative properties.In this study,we developed a DN mouse model and treated the mouse via tail vein injections of hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).The results indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels(22.5±3.0 vs 14.7±1.1,P＜0.01)and improved glucose toler-ance,as shown by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)results(P＜0.05).Additionally,the renal function improved in hUC-MSCs-treated mice,with marked reductions in oxidative stress markers,including blood urea nitrogen(BUN),urinary creatinine(Ucr),urinary protein(PRO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(P＜0.05).Histological analyses through hematoxy-lin-eosin(H&E),Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS),and Sirius red staining demonstrated alleviation of glo-merular mesangial hyperplasia,glomerular hypertrophy,and tubular inflammation.Furthermore,hUC-MSCs treatment downregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins,such as NADPH oxi-dase 4(NOX4)and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP),and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,human renal cortical proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2 cells)were selected for validation in vitro experiments using high glucose treatment followed by super-natants of hUC-MSCs(MSC-CM),and Western blotting showed that the expression of both NOX4 and TXNIP was inhibited(P＜0.05)and ROS expression was reduced.In conclusion,hUC-MSC treatment effectively lowered blood glucose levels and improved renal function in DN mice,likely through the sup-pression of NOX4 expression and TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress.

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of bone loss in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Patients with SCI in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2023 were collected. According to the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites, the patients were divided into the lumbar spine group and the hip joint group. According to the BMD value, the patients were divided into the normal bone mass group (t > -1.0 standard deviation) and the osteopenia group (t ≤ -1.0 standard deviation). The influencing factors accumulated as follows: gender, age, height, weight, cause of injury, injury segment, injury degree, time after injury, start time of rehabilitation, motor score, sensory score, spasticity, serum value of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus. The trend chart was drawn and the influencing factors were analyzed. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the BMD values of the lumbar spine and bilateral hips. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of osteoporosis after SCI. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The incidence of bone loss in patients with SCI was 66.3%. There was a low concordance between bone loss in the lumbar spine and the hip, and the hip was particularly susceptible to bone loss after SCI, with an upward trend in incidence (36% - 82%). In this study, patients with SCI were divided into the lumbar spine group (n = 100) and the hip group (n = 185) according to the BMD values of different sites. Then, the lumbar spine group was divided into the normal bone mass group (n = 53) and the osteopenia group (n = 47); the hip joint group was divided into the normal bone mass group (n = 83) and the osteopenia group (n = 102). Of these, lumbar bone loss after SCI is correlated with gender and weight (p = 0.032 and < 0.001, respectively), and hip bone loss is correlated with gender, height, weight, and time since injury (p < 0.001, p = 0.015, 0.009, and 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of bone loss after SCI was high, especially in the hip. The incidence and influencing factors of bone loss in the lumbar spine and hip were different. Patients with SCI who are male, low height, lightweight, and long time after injury were more likely to have bone loss.
Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidence ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Osteoporosis/etiology* ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology* ; Aged ; Risk Factors

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological trends of viral diarrhea pathogens in children in Baotou city, and to provide reference for controlling the prevalence of viral diarrhea and guiding the development of regional vaccines.Methods:Fecal samples were collected from children under five years old hospitalized with viral diarrhea at two sentinel hospitals in Baotou from June 2023 to May 2024. Real-time PCR was used to detect group A rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software, with Chi-square tests conducted to assess differences. A P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 246 fecal samples were collected, including 153 from males and 93 from females. Among these, 135 samples tested positive, yielding a positivity rate of 54.88% (135/246). There were 82 positive samples from male children and 53 from female children, with no significant difference between genders. Most positive samples (51.85%, 70/135) tested positive for two viruses. Specifically, co-infections of group A rotavirus with norovirus or adenovirus accounted for 98.57% (69/70) of all co-infected cases. Significant differences in detection rates were observed across age groups (χ 2=29.803, P<0.001), with the highest positivity rates in children under one year old and in the 1-year age group. Seasonality, viral diarrhea in Baotou was more prevalent in winter and spring. The G8P[8] genotype of group A rotavirus was the predominant strain. Conclusions:From June 2023 to May 2024, viral diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years old in Baotou is primarily caused by co-infections of group A rotavirus and norovirus, with a higher incidence in preschool-aged children. The G8P[8] genotype of group A rotavirus is the dominant strain. It is recommended to strengthen vaccination and surveillance efforts for viral diarrhea in preschool children, particularly during the winter and spring seasons.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.