The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

BACKGROUND:Metal-organic frameworks exhibited great potential for bone tissue engineering and bone disease treatment because of its unique merits including tunable porosity,a large specific surface area,good biocompatibility,and easy structure modification. OBJECTIVE:To review the advancements,application,strengths,and weaknesses of metal-organic framework materials in bone repair,arthritis,bone infection,and bone tumors,offering guidance and strategies for future research. METHODS:Web of Science,PubMed,and CNKI databases were searched using Chinese and English keywords"metal-organic frameworks,MOFs,orthopedics,bone repair,bone regeneration,orthopaedic applications,bone tissue engineering,bone infection,arthritis,bone tumor,osteosarcoma"for related literature published from 2015 to 2023.Following initial screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,72 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During bone repair,metal ions of metal-organic frameworks can induce bone formation by activating specific signaling pathways,which include stimulating osteogenic gene expression,inhibiting osteoclasts,encouraging blood vessel formation,and speeding up bone mineralization.Hence,metal-organic frameworks with metals like calcium,strontium,cobalt,copper,and magnesium ions show significant potential in enhancing bone implant performance.(2)Metal-organic framework materials,especially zinc/cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks,exhibit enzyme-like activities and promote cartilage regeneration by scavenging reactive oxygen species.Compared with natural enzymes,it has the advantages of not easy inactivation and better stability.(3)Zinc-based metal-organic framework materials characterized with wide band gaps,efficient separation and migration of photogenerated carriers,and high stability,the enhancement of photocatalytic activity results from enhancing the excited electron-hole widely used for the eradication of bacteria and tumor cells.(4)Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks,the doping of additional metals,showed critical advantages in optimizing structural performance,such as zinc/magnesium-based metal-organic framework 74 offering increased stability for durable antibacterial activity,and the light absorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum/zirconium-based metal-organic framework greatly improved and thus enhancing the radiation therapy.(5)However,metal-organic framework materials still face challenges in clinical applications,such as the uncertainty of drug release,in vivo safety,and potential immune responses from long-term presence.

To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.

Objective To externally validate a prediction model based on clinical and CT imaging features for the preoperative identification of high-grade patterns (HGP), such as micropapillary and solid subtypes, in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, in order to guide clinical treatment decisions. Methods This study conducted an external validation of a previously developed prediction model using a cohort of patients with clinical stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The model, which incorporated factors including tumor size, density, and lobulation, was assessed for its discrimination, calibration performance, and clinical impact. Results A total of 650 patients (293 males, 357 females; age range: 30-82 years) were included. The validation showed that the model demonstrated good performance in discriminating HGP (area under the curve>0.7). After recalibration, the model's calibration performance was improved. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that at a threshold probability>0.6, the number of HGP patients predicted by the model closely approximated the actual number of cases. Conclusion This study confirms the effectiveness of a clinical and imaging feature-based prediction model for identifying HGP in stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma in a clinical setting. Successful application of this model may be significant for determining surgical strategies and improving patients' prognosis. Despite certain limitations, these findings provide new directions for future research.

Objective To study the factors influencing the blood concentration of caspofungin(CPFG),construct a prediction model,and validate the predictive effect of the model,so as to provide reference for the individualised dosing of patients with fungal infections in haematology.Methods Seventy-five patients admitted to the Department of Haematology,General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,who were treated with CPFG for antifungal therapy during the period of March 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the study subjects,and CPFG blood concentration monitoring was carried out to explore the influencing factors of CPFG blood concentration and to construct a prediction model accordingly.Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L)was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the model,and another 30 patients were selected as the verification group,and the predictive effect of the model was verified by the receiver's operating characteristics(ROC)curve.Results The mean blood concentrations of the patients at 0.5,9 and 24 h were(12.54±4.38),(6.80±2.76),(4.13±2.16)μg·mL-1,and the mean AUC0-24h were(152.05±57.60)μg·mL-1·h.AUC0-24h was lower than the reference value(98 μg·mL-1·h)in two patients.The results of correlation analysis showed that gender showed a correlation with 0.5 h blood concentration(P＜0.05),and there was no correlation with the rest of the two time points blood concentration and AUC0-24h(P＞0.05).Body weight and albumin(Alb)concentration showed correlation with 0.5,9,24 h blood drug concentration and AUC0-24 h(P＜0.05),and the rest of the indicators showed no correlation with blood drug concentration and AUC0_24h at each time point(P＞0.05).The results of multifactorial analysis showed that the factors influencing the patients'0.5 h blood concentration were gender,Alb concentration and body weight,and the factors influencing the 9 and 24 h blood concentration and AUC0-24h were Alb concentration and body weight(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the daily dose was positively correlated with the plasma concentration of CPFG at 0.5,9 and 24 h and AUC0-24h(P＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the daily dose was also one of the influencing factors of the plasma concentration of CPFG(P＜0.05).ROC curve shows that the model has good prediction ability.Conclusion Body weight and Alb are significantly associated with CPFG blood concentrations and area under the drug-time curve,which can be used as a basis for preventive risk avoidance.

【Objective】 To investigate the population data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou between 2012 and 2022, and analyze its characteristics and trends, so as to provide valuable data for formulating targeted prevention and ensuring blood safety. 【Methods】 Voluntary blood donors samples from 2012 to 2022 were screened for p24 antigen and anti-HIV by two ELISA diagnostic kits and HIV RNA by nucleic acid test(NAT). The reactive blood samples were sent to the Disease Control and Prevention Center of Guangzhou for anti-HIV confirmatory test by Western blot. The population characteristics of blood donors with confirmed-positive HIV were subsequently analyzed. 【Results】 There were a total of 3 351 596 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2022, of which 708 samples were confirmed-positive of anti-HIV, with a total positive rate of 21.12/100 000, showing a decreasing trend (P<0.05). 1) The positive rates of age groups from high to low were 25-34 year old group, 35-44 year old group, 18-24 year old group, and≥45 year old group. The differences among various groups are statistically significant; 2) The anti-HIV positive rate of first-time blood donors (39.23/100 000) was significantly higher than that of repeat blood donors (10.78/100 000) (P<0.05); 3) The anti-HIV positive rate of male blood donors was 30.45/100 000, which was significantly higher than that of female blood donors (3.46/100 000); 4) The anti-HIV positive rate of individual blood donors (32.18/100 000) was higher than that of group blood donors (9.10/100 000) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 From 2012 to 2022, the confirmed-positive rate of anti-HIV among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou showed a downward trend, which was significantly correlated with the implementation of voluntary blood donation and AIDS prevention policies. Young blood donors are of high risk of HIV, and it is necessary to enhance publicity and education on AIDS prevention through multiple channels among young population. Given that the anti-HIV positive rate of first-time blood donors is much higher than that of repeat blood donors, it is recommended to further optimize the health consultation and physical examination process before blood donation, and take multiple measures to screen high-risk behavior groups. Besides, more efforts should be made to promote publicity and education on AIDS prevention among regular blood donors. It is also important to recruit blood donors from low-risk groups and inform the donors about confidential unit exclusion.

Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon in the treatment of de novo coronary chronic occlusive lesions. Methods:Consecutive patients with de novo coronary chronic occlusive lesions treated with drug-coated balloons only were included in this study.The general information,medical history,and surgical information of the patients were recorded,and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE,including cardiac death,myocardial infarction,and target vessel revascularization)were recorded by telephone or outpatient follow-up. Results:A total of 160 patients were included.There were 26 ostial lesions(16.3%),42 bifurcated lesions(26.3%),117 diffuse lesions(73.1%),and 87 calcified lesions(54.4%).The reference vessel diameter was(2.3±0.4)mm.During hospitalization,there were no acute myocardial infarction,cardiac death,target lesion revascularization,or acute coronary thrombosis.Cardiac death occurred in 1 case and target vessel revascularization occurred in 6 cases during follow-up.The MACE rate is 4.4%. Conclusions:Drug balloon therapy for de novo coronary chronic occlusive lesions is safe and effective,and the prognosis is satisfactory.

Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.

DNA replication is a fundamental DNA metabolism process in living organisms. In human cells, thousands of DNA replication origins are activated simultaneously within the chromatin environment to initiate the replication process and eventually complete genome duplication. This process is regulated by the chromatin environment and coordinated with other chromatin metabolism events, ensuring accurate inheritance of genomic and epigenetic information. With the rapid development of research techniques and the massive accumulation of research data, the systematic understanding of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells, especially in mammals, within complex chromatin environments is a future research trend. Here, we review the multilayered regulatory modes of DNA replication from initiation to termination in the chromatin environment, offering insights for future research.

Extracting extracts of secondary metabolites from the karst cave fungus Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 from the Yilingyan Scenic Area in Guangxi. Ten compounds were isolated and purified from fungal secondary metabolites using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. 7-Hydroxy-3-hydroxypropyl-5,6-dimethylisochrome-1-one (1) and 7-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-isochromen-1-one (2) were new isocoumarin compounds, N-acetyl phenylalanine (3), chaetosumin J (4), 2-one-13-hydroxy-3,5,8,7(11)-eudesmatetraen-12,8-olide (5), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (6), irpexolaceus B (7), irlactin L (8), cytochalasin K (9), and helvolic acid (10), a total of 8 known compounds. The structure of the compound was determined using methods such as NMR and mass spectrometry. The tumor cytotoxicity of the compound was evaluated using the CCK-8 method. The results showed that the IC₅₀ of compound 2 on HepG2 cells was 29.83 µmol·L^-1, and compound 9 on HCT116 cells was 27.44 µmol·L^-1.