Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

Objective To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of LINC00657 in the progression of cervical cancer. Methods Bioinformatics analysis predicted potential binding sites between LINC00657 and miR-30a-5p and between miR-30a-5p and Skp2. These sites were verified by using RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter experiments. LINC00657, miR-30a-5p, and Skp2 mRNA expression levels in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines were assessed by utilizing RT-qPCR. Western blot analysis was employed to examine the protein levels of Skp2 in cells and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models in nude mice. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze Skp2 expression in animal tissues. The cellular processes of cervical cancer cell lines were evaluated through CCK-8, scratch, and Transwell assays. Results LINC00657 and Skp2 presented binding sites for miR-30a-5p. In cervical cancer, LINC00657 and Skp2 showed high expression levels (P<0.05), whereas miR-30a-5p displayed low expression (P<0.05). Functional experiments demonstrated that linc00657 upregulates Skp2 expression, a process that is dependent on its sequestration of miR-30a-5p. Conclusion LINC00657 promoted the malignant progression of cervical cancer by upregulating Skp2 expression through specifically sequestering miR-30a-5p, thereby relieving its inhibitory effect on the target gene Skp2.

Esophageal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, and radical surgery remains the cornerstone of its comprehensive treatment. However, multifactorial challenges such as postoperative gastrointestinal tract reconstruction, traumatic stress, and tumor-related metabolic disturbances render esophageal cancer patients highly susceptible to malnutrition. Perioperative nutritional support therapy plays a crucial role in enhancing surgical safety, improving clinical outcomes, and elevating patients' quality of life by regulating metabolic homeostasis, preserving organ function, and optimizing the immune microenvironment. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying malnutrition in esophageal cancer, methods for nutritional status assessment, and precision intervention pathways based on multi-omics evaluations. The aim is to strengthen clinicians' awareness of standardized perioperative nutritional management for esophageal cancer patients and promote its clinical implementation, thereby facilitating postoperative recovery and improving long-term quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the current knowledge status of transfusion medicine among pediatricians/postgraduates and the reliability of large language models (LLMs) for assisted learning, and to assess changes in pediatricians' transfusion medicine knowledge before and after the implementation of the "Pediatric Transfusion Guideline" (hereafter referred to as the "Guideline"). Methods: In January 2022 (prior to the implementation of the "Guideline"), a questionnaire was developed based on the "Guideline" content and distributed to pediatricians. Subsequently, in July 2025 (after the implementation of the "Guideline"), the "Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Knowledge Questionnaire" was designed based on the content of the January 2022 questionnaire. This questionnaire survey was conducted on pediatricians/postgraduates and LLMs. We analyzed the level of transfusion medicine knowledge among pediatricians/postgraduates and the reliability of LLMs for assisted learning, and compared the accuracy of pediatricians' responses before and after "Guideline" implementation. Results: The survey results after the implementation of the "Guidelines" revealed that pediatricians/postgraduates achieved response accuracy rates exceeding 80% on the topic of "Patient Blood Management". However, response accuracy rates were below 30% for topics including "Types and Indications of Blood Components/Products" and "E-valuation of Transfusion Efficacy". The pediatricians' accuracy rates for related questions before and after the implementation of the "Guidelines" were 14.7%-68.9% and 3%-38%, respectively, and the comparison of accuracy rates for each question showed significant differences (P<0.001). The accuracy rates of the LLMs on the questionnaire were all below 90%. Among them, Doubao (81.1%) and Kimi (86.4%) achieved relatively higher accuracy rates, while Tencent Yuanbao (Hunyuan) had the lowest accuracy rate at only 59.5%. Conclusion: The implementation of the "Guideline" may have improved pediatricians' knowledge level of pediatric transfusion medicine. However, their knowledge level of pediatric transfusion remains low, and LLMs cannot yet provide absolutely reliable guidance. Systematic training in pediatric transfusion medicine is urgently needed.

Autoimmune liver diseases （AILD） are a group of chronic liver diseases caused by abnormal activation of the immune system， mainly including autoimmune hepatitis， primary biliary cholangitis， primary sclerosing cholangitis， IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis， and overlap syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that patients with AILD are often comorbid with thyroid diseases， especially autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）， such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological association， potential shared pathogenesis， and overlapping features between AILD and thyroid diseases. A deeper understanding of the immunological links between AILD and AITD may provide a theoretical basis for precision medicine and future research.

Objective To analyze the influenza-like illness (ILI) data in Ordos City from 2017 to 2023 and conduct nucleic acid detection of the virus to understand the local influenza epidemic situation, and to provide a reliable basis for influenza prevention and control in the city. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to identify virus subtypes in ILI throat swab samples. Comparisons of positive rates were conducted using the chi-square test, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results From 2017 to 2023, a total of 3,283,434 outpatient and emergency visits were recorded at the Ordos City Central Hospital, including 74,159 ILI cases, with an ILI proportion of 2.26%. The majority of ILI cases (74.43%) occurred in children aged 0~14 years old. The overall positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 10.87%, with the highest proportion being subtype A (seasonal H3) at 43.03%. The highest detection rate was observed in the 5~14 years age group, with statistically significant differences in positive rates across age groups (χ²=155.638, P<0.001). Influenza peaks occurred mainly from November to March of the following year. From January to April, three types of influenza were prevalent alternately or mixed, while from October to December, subtype A (seasonal H3) predominated. Positive rates varied significantly across months (χ²=250.923, P<0.001). The temporal trends of ILI proportions and PCR-positive rates were consistent. Conclusion Influenza in Ordos City exhibits distinct seasonal and age distribution characteristics, with alternating or mixed circulation of three virus types. Continued efforts are needed to strengthen influenza surveillance, especially the prevention and control of influenza in infants and adolescents.

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the modeling effects of submaxillary gland antigen and salivary gland antigen in the establishment of Sjögren syndrome (SS) mouse models, and to characterize the phenotypic and immunological features of these models in comparison with spontaneous SS-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD)/LtJ mice. MethodsAdult C57BL/6J mice (equal numbers of males and females) were immunized with submaxillary gland antigen or salivary gland antigen, respectively, combined with Freund's adjuvant to induce SS models. Mice immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) combined with Freund's adjuvant served as the control group. Immunization was induced via multiple subcutaneous injections in the back with antigen combined with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) on Days 1 and 7. A booster immunization was administered via multiple subcutaneous injections in the back with antigen combined with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) on Day 14. Female NOD/LtJ mice were used as the spontaneous SS model group, with ICR mice as the corresponding control strain for comparative analysis. Body weight, water intake, and salivary flow rate of mice were dynamically monitored for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, tissue and serum samples were collected, the weights of submaxillary glands, thymus, and spleen were measured, and organ indices (organ-to-body weight ratios) were calculated. Pathological morphological analysis of the submaxillary gland and spleen was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) level was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of SS type A (SSA) and SS type B (SSB) in submaxillary gland tissues. ResultsFemale mice in the submaxillary gland antigen group exhibited significantly increased water intake (P<0.05) and reduced salivary flow rate (P<0.05) compared with the female control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the submaxillary gland index, thymus index and spleen index (P>0.05). Focal lymphocytic infiltration was observed in the submaxillary glands, and the splenic marginal zone was enlarged. Serum IL-17 levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in submaxillary gland SSA/SSB expression levels (P>0.05). Compared with the female control group, female mice in the salivary gland antigen group showed no statistically significant differences in water intake, salivary flow rate, submaxillary gland index, and spleen index (P>0.05), whereas the thymus index was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Mild inflammatory cell infiltration and glandular atrophy were observed in the submaxillary glands, and the splenic white pulp and marginal zone were slightly enlarged. Serum IL-17 levels and submaxillary gland SSB mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas no significant change was observed in submaxillary gland SSA expression levels (P>0.05). Compared with the male control group, mild submaxillary gland atrophy was observed in male mice in the submaxillary gland antigen group, whereas no obvious changes were found in other modeling-related indicators (P>0.05). Compared with the ICR control group, NOD/LtJ model mice exhibited elevated water intake (P<0.05), significantly reduced salivary flow rate (P<0.01), no significant differences in the submaxillary gland index or spleen index (P>0.05), but a significantly increased thymus index (P<0.05). Marked focal infiltration was observed in the submaxillary glands, the splenic marginal zone was obviously enlarged, and serum IL-17 concentrations as well as submaxillary gland SSA/SSB expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). ConclusionSubmaxillary gland antigen and salivary gland antigen can induce SS-related features in female C57BL/6J mice. The SS-related phenotype is more pronounced in the submaxillary gland antigen group than in the salivary gland antigen group, but weaker than that in spontaneously SS-prone female NOD/LtJ mice. Immunization of male C57BL/6J mice with submaxillary or salivary gland antigens fails to induce an obvious SS phenotype.

Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It may also involve many other organ systems, leading to complications such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, liver dysfunction, lymphedema, and developmental delay. The FAM111B has been determined as the pathogenic gene associated with POIKTMP syndrome, whose protein product plays a critical role in regulating essential cellular processes including DNA repair and replication, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, nuclear transport, and telomere length maintenance. This article has provided a comprehensive review for the genetic basis of POIKTMP syndrome and its correlation with various phenotypes, which may offer insights for basic research and clinical diagnosis of this disease.
Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics* ; Skin Diseases, Genetic/genetics*

OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized guidance for the rational clinical use of antibody-based drugs for the treatment of myasthenia gravis， and to enhance the evidence-based system of guidelines and consensus in this field. METHODS The consensus expert team consisted of 71 multidisciplinary experts from 28 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the Central Government. Evidence was systematically retrieved through multiple databases， drug package inserts， and official websites of international and national health administrative authorities， drug regulatory agencies， healthcare security departments， and related industry associations， up to April 30， 2025. Evidence was graded according to the 2014 version of JBI pre-grading system for evidence from intervention studies. Based on full consideration of the current best evidence and multidisciplinary expert experience， the expert consensus recommendations were formulated using a modified Delphi method. RESULTS The Evidence-based expert consensus on the clinical application and pharmaceutical management of antibody-based drugs for the treatment of myasthenia gravis standardized the key points of whole-process pharmaceutical management for four antibody-based drugs approved for marketing in the mainland of China for the treatment of myasthenia gravis （efgartigimod alfa， efgartigimod alfa/hyaluronidase， eculizumab， and rozanolixizumab）. It formulated 37 expert consensus recommendations covering nine pharmaceutical management aspects： drug suitability selection， medication in special populations， administration methods， drug storage， therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic testing， immunization management， drug interactions， pharmaceutical care， and off-label drug use. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current best evidence and multidisciplinary expert experience， this consensus establishes a whole-process management framework for antibody-based drugs for the treatment of myasthenia gravis， from clinical application to pharmaceutical management. It provides a scientific basis for the rational and precise use of these drugs in clinical practice， effectively promotes the enhancement of pharmaceutical management efficiency， and helps improve the overall therapeutic benefits for patients.