ObjectiveBased on multi-index and multi-method detection， the quality of Rukuaixiao preparations was systematically evaluated from the perspective of characteristic components， and the existing problems were analyzed. MethodsLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） for the determination of 16 characteristic components was established to evaluate the quality of 129 batches of Rukuaixiao preparations. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was established to determine the contents of salvianolic acids and tanshinones， investigate the rationality of quality control index of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the standard for Rukuaixiao preparations in the 2020 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China（hereinafter referred to as Chinese Pharmacopoeia） （volume Ⅰ）， and trace the causes of significant difference among different batches. The processing and different extraction methods of Vaccariae Semen were tested， analyzing the impact of formulation changes across different editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The LC-MS was established for determining the changes in the ratio of toosendanin and isotoosendanin after water extraction of Toosendan Fructus. The contents of active components in different parts of Gleditsiae Spina were determined to identify the reason of the low contents of characteristic components in some enterprises. ResultsBased on the comprehensive analysis of the samples from different dosage forms， the contents of characteristic components of Vaccariae Semen and Gleditsiae Spina in tablets from manufacturer B and granules from manufacturer D were significantly higher than those in tablets from manufacturer A， and tablets and capsules from manufacturer C. The contents of tanshinones in some batches of products from manufacturer A were abnormally high， potentially linked to the use of 70% ethanol reflux during extraction of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. All samples from manufacturer C exhibited abnormally high proportions of salvianic acid A and 3，4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde（salvianolic acid degradation products） to the total seven phenolic acids， indicating a risk of blindly pursuing tanshinol content and neglecting more effective components. The extraction rate of the characteristic components from Vaccariae Semen by decocting with water was obviously higher than that by reflux extraction with 70% ethanol. However， using the stir-fried Vaccariae Semen could reduce the loss of ingredients. The content ratio of toosendanin and isotoosendanin decreased from the crude herb to the prepared medicine when Toosendan Fructus was prepared by water decoction. The reason for the low component content of Gleditsiae Spina may be attributed to manufacturers using excessive non-medicinal parts in their formulations. ConclusionIt is suggested that enterprises should ensure the quality of raw material inputs， especially those without quality-control items in the standard， reduce the use of non-medicinal parts， and prohibit arbitrary alterations to manufacturing methods or processes. It is also recommended that Vaccariae Semen in Rukuaixiao capsules and granules should be changed to the stir-fried processed products. Isotoosendanin should be taken into consideration in the drug supervision when Toosendan Fructus is prepared into medicine by water decoction. Salvianolic acid B should be set as a quality control index for Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma when revising the pharmacopoeia standard of Rukuaixiao preparations.

ObjectiveBased on multi-index and multi-method detection， the quality of Rukuaixiao preparations was systematically evaluated from the perspective of characteristic components， and the existing problems were analyzed. MethodsLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） for the determination of 16 characteristic components was established to evaluate the quality of 129 batches of Rukuaixiao preparations. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was established to determine the contents of salvianolic acids and tanshinones， investigate the rationality of quality control index of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the standard for Rukuaixiao preparations in the 2020 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China（hereinafter referred to as Chinese Pharmacopoeia） （volume Ⅰ）， and trace the causes of significant difference among different batches. The processing and different extraction methods of Vaccariae Semen were tested， analyzing the impact of formulation changes across different editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The LC-MS was established for determining the changes in the ratio of toosendanin and isotoosendanin after water extraction of Toosendan Fructus. The contents of active components in different parts of Gleditsiae Spina were determined to identify the reason of the low contents of characteristic components in some enterprises. ResultsBased on the comprehensive analysis of the samples from different dosage forms， the contents of characteristic components of Vaccariae Semen and Gleditsiae Spina in tablets from manufacturer B and granules from manufacturer D were significantly higher than those in tablets from manufacturer A， and tablets and capsules from manufacturer C. The contents of tanshinones in some batches of products from manufacturer A were abnormally high， potentially linked to the use of 70% ethanol reflux during extraction of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. All samples from manufacturer C exhibited abnormally high proportions of salvianic acid A and 3，4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde（salvianolic acid degradation products） to the total seven phenolic acids， indicating a risk of blindly pursuing tanshinol content and neglecting more effective components. The extraction rate of the characteristic components from Vaccariae Semen by decocting with water was obviously higher than that by reflux extraction with 70% ethanol. However， using the stir-fried Vaccariae Semen could reduce the loss of ingredients. The content ratio of toosendanin and isotoosendanin decreased from the crude herb to the prepared medicine when Toosendan Fructus was prepared by water decoction. The reason for the low component content of Gleditsiae Spina may be attributed to manufacturers using excessive non-medicinal parts in their formulations. ConclusionIt is suggested that enterprises should ensure the quality of raw material inputs， especially those without quality-control items in the standard， reduce the use of non-medicinal parts， and prohibit arbitrary alterations to manufacturing methods or processes. It is also recommended that Vaccariae Semen in Rukuaixiao capsules and granules should be changed to the stir-fried processed products. Isotoosendanin should be taken into consideration in the drug supervision when Toosendan Fructus is prepared into medicine by water decoction. Salvianolic acid B should be set as a quality control index for Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma when revising the pharmacopoeia standard of Rukuaixiao preparations.

Ropeginterferon α-2b (Ropeg), a novel, long-acting pegylated prolene alpha interferon, is the first interferon specifically approved for the treatment of patients with polycythemia vera (PV), and has been found in clinical trials and experience to induce hematologic remission, control disease-related symptoms, and reduce JAK2V617F allelic burden in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). It has a lower incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions than pegylated interferon alpha and hydroxyurea and a longer dosing interval. Some patients with lowrisk PV and myelofibrosis can benefit from it. This article reviews the latest progress of Ropeg in MPN.
Humans ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use* ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy* ; Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use* ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use* ; Interferon alpha-2 ; Polycythemia Vera/drug therapy*

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Aim To construct CX3CR1GFP transgenic mice based on the Cre/Loxp system,and to analyze the expression efficiency of CX3CR1GFP.Methods Targeted vectors were designed using restriction enzyme-based cloning technology to create a linearized targeted vector for transfecting embryonic stem cells(ES).The ES cells with a deletion of the neomycin resistance gene(neo)were then cloned into blastocysts to generate chimeric CX3CR1+/GFPmice.These mice were subsequently bred with wild-type mice(WT),and repeated backcrossing was performed to obtain CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice.DNA and mRNA from WT and CX3CR1GFP mice were extracted and genotyped using agarose gel electrophoresis.The expression level of CX3CR1 in various tis-sues of the mice was detected by RT-qPCR.Western blot analy-sis was used to analyze the expression of GFP protein in periph-eral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and various tissues.The labeling efficiency of immune cells in bone marrow was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of GFP in different mouse tis-sues was observed by immunofluorescence.Results The results of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the transgenic mouse genotype was CX3CR1GFP/GFP homozygote.RT-qPCR and West-ern blot showed that EGFP were targeted to replace CX3CR1 gene,so CX3CR1 expression was very low in CX3CR1GFP mice,while GFP expression was significantly upregulated.Flow cytom-etry and immunofluorescence showed that GFP effectively marked CX3CR1GFP mice,expressed in various tissues and cells with different expression levels.Conclusion This study con-structs and identifies the CX3CR1GFP genetic reporter mice,and GFP is stably expressed in mice,which provides a foundation for further research into the potential mechanisms of CX3CR1 in im-mune regulation.

Objective To observe the value of tissue motion mitral annular displacement(TMAD)technique to assess left ventricular function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.Methods A total of 34 adult patients with cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively included as the observation group,and 32 healthy adults were collected as the control group for the same period.Basic data of the subjects were collected,and data of routine ultrasonic parameters of left ventricular function and TMAD parameters were obtained,and then compared between groups.The correlation of TMAD parameters with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)or mitral annular plane systolic excursion(MAPSE)were assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had higher levels of body surface area(BSA),systolic blood pressure,N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),creatinine and urea(all P＜0.05).The observation group had increased values of ascending aorta(AO),left atrium(LA),interventricular septum(IVS),left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole(LVPWD),pulmonary artery(PA),and early diastolic peark velocity of mitral inflow(peak E),while smaller values of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),LVEF,fractional shortening(FS),early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity E'septal(IVS E')and lateral(LW E')and MAPSE(all P＜0.05),and the LVEF in observation group was(58.18±7.09)％.For TMAD patameters,the observation group had smaller values of the following parameters on apical four chamber(A4C)view as medial displacement of mitral valve annulus(A4C MV1),displacement of lateral mitral valve annulus(A4C MV2),displacement of the midpoint of the mitral valve annulus(A4C Midpt)and the corresponding percentage(A4C Midpt％),as well as smaller values of the following paramets on apical two chamber(A2C)view as A2C MV1,A2C MV2,A2C Midpt and A2C Midpt％(all P＜0.05).In the observation group,A4C Midpt％showed a moderate positive correlation with LVEF(r=0.488,P＜0.05),and A2C Midpt showed a high positive correlation with M APSE(r=0.712,P＜0.05),and A4C MV2,A4C Midpt,A4C Midpt％,A2C MV1,A2C MV2,A2C Midpt％all showed a moderate positive correlation with MAPSE(r=0.420 to 0.691,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with LVEF,the TMAD parameters might reflect the changes in left ventricular systolic function more sensitively in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.

Objective To establish a rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy(HN)using a multifactorial induction method of potassium oxazinate combined with adenine and yeast feed to observe the intervention effect of Qiling granules(QLG).Methods Fifty-eight SPF-grade male SD rats were selected,and 10 rats were randomly allocated to the normal control(NC)group.The remaining rats were induced by multiple factors to establish HN rat models.After 2 weeks of modeling,submandibular blood samples were taken to detect serum UA,CREA,BUN,TG,and TC.Forty HN rats with bleeding clearance UA and body weight close to the mean were selected.They were randomly divided into a model(M)group,QLG low dose(QLG-L)groups,QLG high dose(QLG-H)group,and a positive control(PC)group,with 10 rats in each group,using a stratified randomization method.Each group was given corresponding drugs by gavage daily,and after continuous administration for 4 weeks,submandibular blood samples were taken to detect serum UA,CREA,BUN,TG,and TC.After euthanasia of the rats,liver tissue was taken to detect XOD and ADA activity.Renal tissue was taken for HE and Gomori hexamine silver staining,and the protein expression of GLUT9,OAT1,VCAM-1,and TGF-β in the kidneys was observed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot method.Results Compared with the NC group,the M group's serum levels of UA,CREA,BUN,TC,and TG,as well as liver XOD and ADA activities,were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The renal tissue of the model rats showed significant pathological changes.The area of renal tubules positive for urate and the expression of GLUT9,VCAM-1,and TGF-β proteins in the kidneys were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),while the expression of OAT1 was significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared with the M group,each treatment group showed significantly reduced serum UA levels,liver XOD,ADA activity,and renal VCAM-1 protein expression(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The serum CREA and BUN levels and renal TGF-β protein expression of rats in the QLG-L group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The serum CREA and BUN levels and renal GLUT9 protein expression of rats in the QLG-H group were also significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The urate deposition and renal injury caused by each treatment were reduced to varying degrees,but there were no significant differences among groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions A stable HN rat model can be induced by gavage of potassium oxyzinate and adenine in combination with yeast feed.QLG can effectively treat HN by improving UA metabolic disorders,reducing the renal inflammation and urate deposition that cause renal damage in HN model rats.Its mechanism of action is related to a reduction in serum UA,CREA,BUN,and TG levels;liver XOD and ADA activities;and the expression of GLUT9,OAT1,VCAM-1,and TGF-β proteins in the kidneys.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury(AKI)in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS),as well as the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1)in the early identification of AKI in these children.Methods A prospective collection of clinical data from children hospitalized with PNS at the Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2021 to October 2022 was conducted.The children were divided into two groups based on the presence of AKI:the AKI group(47 cases)and the non-AKI group(169 cases).The risk factors for AKI in children with PNS were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels were compared between the AKI and non-AKI groups,as well as among the different stages of AKI.Results The incidence of AKI in children with PNS was 21.8%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome,gastrointestinal infections,and heavy proteinuria were independent risk factors for AKI in these children with PNS(P<0.05).Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels were higher in the AKI group compared to the non-AKI group(P<0.05),and the urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels in the AKI stage 2 and stage 3 subgroups were higher than those in the AKI stage 1 subgroup(P<0.017).Conclusions KIM-1 and NGAL can serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AKI in children with PNS.Identifying high-risk populations for AKI in children with PNS and strengthening the monitoring of related risk factors is of significant importance.