This is a correlation validation study wherein the English version of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was adapted into Filipino. Many of the sex-related terms in the questionnaire do not have a direct translation in Filipino which made adaptation difficult. In the pretest, there was no difficulty with comprehension and readability of the Filipino version. Subjects judged it as equivalent to the English IIEF-5. There was a high positive correlation with the English version (r=0.93). After modification by a Review Panel, the final instrument underwent validation in a study which included 64 heterosexual, sexually active male aged 40 years old and above. The mean age of the subjects was 54.7. Content validity was determined by 2 urologists. The translated tool was found to be reliable (coefficient of stability=0.92) and could discriminate subjects with or without ED (validity coefficient=0.95). This study did not document treatment responsiveness and specificity. The questionnaire, however, can be used to screen patients with ED. Prevalence among the sample population was determined and found to be 45.3%.

Human ; Male ; Middle Aged (a Person 45-64 Years Of Age) ; Adult (a Person 19-44 Years Of Age) ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Philippines ; Male

OBJECTIVES: This paper aimed to describe the complication rates of patients who underwent hypospadia repair according to age, type of hypospadia and stage of repair. It likewise aimed to determine the association of age, type and stage of repair on the occurrence of complications.

METHODS: The study utilized a retrospective cohort design. The study population included pediatric patients who underwent repair of hypospadia at 6 tertiary hospitals (University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Chinese General Hospital, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Hospital of Infant Jesus, Cardinal Santos Medical Center and St. Luke's Medical Center) done by a single surgeon from March 1999 to July 2004. Subjects were classified into three groups by age: Group A (< 2 years), Group B (2-5 years) and Group C (> 5 years). The age, type of repair, stage of repair, and occurrence of complications were obtained from patient's records and were processed using Epi Info v.6. Proportions of subjects in terms of age, type of hypospadia and stage of repair were tabulated. Univariate analysis using Maentel-Haenzel chi-square test was used to determine significant associations between age, type of hypospadia and stage of repair versus occurrence of complications. Significance level was set at a = 0.05. Relative risks or risks ratios (RR) were derived, with their corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals.

RESULTS: A total of 286 subjects who underwent repair of hypospadia in 6 tertiary hospitals from March 1999 to July 2004 were included in the study. Thirty eight percent (38.5 percent) of subjects were below 2 years old and 39.2 percent were subjects more than five years old, while 22.4 percent were between 2 to 5 years old. For the type of hypospadia, the most common was proximal (47.9 percent). Most of the subjects (92.7 percent) underwent first stage repair. The overall complication rate was 15 percent (n=43). The highest complication rate was observed in patients > 5 years old (20.5 percent). Subjects with mid-penile hypospadias had the highest complication rate (25.37 percent). Cross-tabulations showed that subjects more than 5 years old had higher rate of complications (p=0.046). Among patients who underwent first stage repair, the mid-penile type had the highest rate of complications (25.76 percent) (p=0.0004). Most of the subjects who underwent second stage repair were of the proximal type (71.42 percent). Univariate analysis showed that it was only in proximal hypospadias that subjects more than five years old had significantly higher rate of complications (RR=3.21, 95 percent CI=1.09-9.42).

Hypospadias ; Urogenital Abnormalities

Objectives: This paper aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy according to age, transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) Gleason's score, histopathologic Gleason's score, histopathologic tumor stage, number of transfusions, complications and type of anesthesia used. It further aimed to compare the no. of complications by mean age, PS A levels, TRUS prostate volume, operating time, blood loss and hospital stay among patients with and without complications. Finally, it aimed to determine significant association of TRUS biopsy Gleason's score, histopathologic Gleason's score , histopathologic tumor stage, number of transfusions, and type of anesthesia used with the development of complications. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study done by examining hospital records of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (stage 2c and below), who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1996-2005 at UST Hospital, done by a single surgeon. Data were analyzed with SPSS v.ll, using Cramer's V statistic at the 0.05 level of significance. Results/Conclusion: A total of 41 subjects were included in the study. Subjects had a mean age of 65.85 years, with mean PSA levels of 16.22 ng/dL and TRUS volume of 35.64ml. All subjects had Gleason's Biopsy scores of 4 and above, with majority having scores between 4-6 (78.04 percent). Histopathologic results showed that 82.9 percent of the subjects had scores between 4 to 6. The majority of subjects had tumor stage of T2c (75.6 percent). Thirty-two of 41 cases (78 percent) did not require blood transfusions and only 17 percent (7/41) had post-operative complications, in the form of bladder neck contractures, clot retention, iatrogenic external iliac vein lacerations, postoperative ileus and incontinence. Majority (40/41) required only epidural anesthesia. The mean operating time was 3.65 hours with blood loss of 847.56 ml. Average hospital stay was 5.29 days. TRUS biopsy Gleason's score, histopathologic Gleason's score, histopathologic tumor stage, type of anesthesia and blood transfusions were not significantly associated with development of postoperative complications. (Author)

Adenocarcinoma ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy